The COVID19 pandemic has significantly affected the performance of the transport sector and its overall intensity. Reduced mobility has a large impact on the number of road accidents. The aim of this ...study is to forecast the number of road accidents in Poland and to assess the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the variation in road crashes. For this purpose, day-wise historical crash data from 2011 onwards have been collected and analysed. Based on real historical field data, the future has been forecasted for both pandemic and nonpandemic variants. Forecasting of the number of accidents has been carried out using selected time series models and exponential models. Based on obtained data, it can be stated that pandemic resulted in a decrease in number of road accidents in Poland with ranges of reduction varying from 11% to 30% based on different days of week. Most visible decrease is observed on 3 days viz. Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday. Further, the projections show that in view of the current situation one may expect further decrease in the number of road accidents in Poland.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study investigates the microstructure, residual stress state, and the corresponding magnetic anisotropy of the ship structure samples made of S235 steel after uniaxial tensile deformation. A ...non-destructive magnetic technique based on Barkhausen noise is employed for fast and reliable monitoring of samples exposed to the variable degrees of plastic straining. It was found that the progressively developed plastic straining of the matrix results in an alteration of the easy axis of magnetization, stress anisotropy (expressed in residual stresses state) as well as the corresponding Barkhausen noise emission. Moreover, remarkable non-homogeneity can be found within the plastically strained region, especially when the localized plastic straining takes place.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Every year, a lot of people lose their lives and health on Polish roads, which at best ends up damaging the car. Resultantly, the high rate of accidents prompted this study in conjunction with the ...Poviat Police Headquarters in Piła to analyse road traffic safety in the Piła poviat. To this end, road events occurring in Poland and in the Piła poviat were analysed. In addition, the most common types of road incidents were identified alongside the main reasons for their occurrence. By analysing traffic incidents, a map of the most dangerous streets in Piła was created. A survey was conducted to verify the statistical data presented on the state of safety in the Piła poviat. The survey on road safety in the Piła poviat was created in cooperation with the Poviat Police Headquarters in Piła and was conducted among the residents of the Piła poviat. Inhabitants of the Piła poviat feel safe on the roads along the roads of their poviat.
•Emissions depend more on fleet's structure (age, traction), than the mode itself.•New strict emission limits make road transport the least burdensome transport mode.•Electrification of railway ...transport is required to make railways the greenest mode.
The scope of this work is to prove the strong influence of the real vehicle composition according to its age to the real environmental burden of the evaluated transport mode and calculation of the suitable vehicle fleet composition (share of different age groups, tractions and emission standards) to secure lower emission production (NOx, PM and greenhouse gases) of railway transport. These results represent the current state with regard to the composition of the vehicle fleet of freight carriers in terms of age, type of traction and emission class. The results were reached using data from average fuel consumption of the vehicles considering the specific standardised values of produced emissions. Taking the W-t-W principle into account, these results are surprising, as they contradict the generally declared claims concerning the environmental burden of individual transport modes, when the vehicle fleet's structure influences the generation of emissions more than the transport mode itself.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The goal of this article is to assess the views of university students on their mobility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, a survey was conducted to analyze changes in ...student mobility patterns before and during the pandemic. The research was conducted in March 2021, during the pandemic, and for its purpose, information was collected on various aspects of student mobility, including the form of study, destination, mode of transportation, and shopping location. The sample group consisted of university students from different backgrounds, and various features, including age, gender, residence, and driver's license status, were considered. In addition, the study examined the impact of COVID-19 on student mobility. The study found that the pandemic has significantly affected student mobility, with a shift towards remote or hybrid learning and preference for cars, bicycles, and walking over public transportation in bigger towns while in smaller towns and rural areas, student mobility behavior has remained relatively unchanged.
This study addresses the complexities of shipboard desalination plants and scaling control methods in seawater distillation systems. Using advanced modeling techniques, the study examines the ...interaction of various parameters affecting system performance. Factors such as seawater density, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are considered along with scale deposition parameters such as salt concentration, scale formation rate and deposition rate. The study includes thermodynamic analysis, scale formation kinetics and heat transfer between different components of the system. The effect of salt concentration and pressure on scale deposition rate is also studied. The resulting integrated model provides insight into the optimization of desalination processes on board ships, thereby contributing to the improvement of water management strategies in offshore operations.
The paper describes the energy consumption and GHG production comparison of three transport modes – road, rail and waterborne. The calculations are done according to the legislation in force – ...standard EN 16 258:2012 Methodology for calculation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions of transport services (freight and passengers). The results have high informative value because they take into account energy consumption and emissions from primary and secondary consideration. The calculation is done by real fuel consumption values (road and waterborne) and by simulation of energy consumption (railway). The energy and emission coefficients from the standard EN were used for estimating the results according to the well-to-wheels and tank-to-wheels principles.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the ...selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.
This article deals with pick-up and delivery activities in a selected company that focuses on the distribution of products in the gastronomic sector of the market and suggests how to make the present ...approach more efficient. The introductory part of the article clarifies the meanings of basic concepts related to the issue of optimizing the logistics processes in the company. The crucial goal is to analyze the existing pick-up and delivery technology and then, in the application part of the article, to propose adequate measures in the context of streamlining these activities with their technical and economic evaluation. An analysis of current delivery routes, which are used for the distribution of gastronomic products, is first performed. Thereafter, the routes are optimized with the aim of minimizing the total distance traveled by using the Operations Research methods, namely: the Hungarian method, Vogel approximation method, nearest neighbor method and the Routin route planner which is based on a principle of the Greedy algorithm. At the end of the article, a technical and economical evaluation of the findings is discussed, wherein the individual results of optimization through selected methods are first compared and then, new optimized routes are selected.
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