Moving ahead with Lokahi Masuda, Elna M.
Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders (New York, NY),
September 2022, 2022-09-00, 20220901, Volume:
10, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Open access
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Self‐assembly of glycolipids into open‐ended organic nanotubes (see Figure) is reported here. Depending on the solvent system used and the degree of saturation of the glycolipid, either gels or ...nanofibers of various morphologies form. Upon standing, the unsaturated glycolipid–based nanofibers transform into nanotubes with inner diameter 10–15 nm and length 10–100 μm.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Numerical simulations of drag-reduced turbulent flow by polymer additives were performed by using a discrete element model.•A decreasing pressure-strain correlation mainly contributes to drag ...reduction by polymer addition.•Energy transport by the polymer attenuates the turbulence.•The viscoelastic effects on the drag-reducing flow are intensified with increasing relaxation time of polymer.•The polymer energy transport is related to the orientation of the polymer.
Numerical simulations of the drag-reducing turbulent channel flow caused by polymer addition are performed. A bead-spring chain model is employed as a model of polymer aggregation. The model consists of beads and springs to represent the polymer dynamics. Three drag-reduction cases are studied with different spring constants that correspond to the relaxation time of the polymer. The energy budget is mainly focused upon to discuss the drag-reduction mechanism. Our results show that a decreasing pressure-strain correlation mainly contributes to strengthening the anisotropy of the turbulence. Furthermore, energy transport by the polymer models attenuates the turbulence. These viscoelastic effects on the drag-reducing flow are intensified with decreasing spring constant. By visualizing the flow field, it is found that this polymer energy transport is related to the orientation of the polymer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
bstract: Genome-level data can provide researchers with unprecedented precision to examine the causes and genetic consequences of population declines, which can inform conservation management. Here, ...we present a high-quality, long-read,
genome assembly for one of the world's most endangered bird species, the 'Alalā (
; Hawaiian crow). As the only remaining native crow species in Hawai'i, the 'Alalā survived solely in a captive-breeding program from 2002 until 2016, at which point a long-term reintroduction program was initiated. The high-quality genome assembly was generated to lay the foundation for both comparative genomics studies and the development of population-level genomic tools that will aid conservation and recovery efforts. We illustrate how the quality of this assembly places it amongst the very best avian genomes assembled to date, comparable to intensively studied model systems. We describe the genome architecture in terms of repetitive elements and runs of homozygosity, and we show that compared with more outbred species, the 'Alalā genome is substantially more homozygous. We also provide annotations for a subset of immunity genes that are likely to be important in conservation management, and we discuss how this genome is currently being used as a roadmap for downstream conservation applications.
Odor discrimination in higher brain centers is essential for behavioral responses to odors. One such center is the mushroom body (MB) of insects, which is required for odor discrimination learning. ...The calyx of the MB receives olfactory input from projection neurons (PNs) that are targets of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the antennal lobe (AL). In the calyx, olfactory information is transformed from broadly-tuned representations in PNs to sparse representations in MB neurons (Kenyon cells). However, the extent of stereotypy in olfactory representations in the calyx is unknown. Using the anatomically-simple larval olfactory system of Drosophila in which odor ligands for the entire set of 21 OSNs are known, we asked how odor identity is represented in the MB calyx. We first mapped the projections of all larval OSNs in the glomeruli of the AL, and then followed the connections of individual PNs from the AL to different calyx glomeruli. We thus established a comprehensive olfactory map from OSNs to a higher olfactory association center, at a single-cell level. Stimulation of single OSNs evoked strong neuronal activity in 1 to 3 calyx glomeruli, showing that broadening of the strongest PN responses is limited to a few calyx glomeruli. Stereotypic representation of single OSN input in calyx glomeruli provides a mechanism for MB neurons to detect and discriminate olfactory cues.
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Nivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, has been shown to improve survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The possible involvement of PD-1 axis in the pathogenesis ...of inflammatory lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has also been reported. However, effects of PD-1 blockade on the respiratory system remain unknown.
This prospective study aimed to investigate whether inhibition of the PD-1 axis altered lung inflammation and pulmonary function in NSCLC patients with and without COPD.
This was a prospective multi-center study. Measurements of fractioned exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and pulmonary function were performed before and after 4 cycles of nivolumab therapy.
A total of 137 patients with NSCLC were initially enrolled, and subsequently 95 patients (41 COPD and 54 non-COPD) receiving 4 cycles of nivolumab administration were included. After anti-PD-1 therapy, FeNO levels were significantly elevated together with increase in peripheral eosinophils. Interestingly, significant FeNO elevation was only found in COPD patients without increased peripheral eosinophils, but this was not the case in non-COPD patients. Additionally, COPD patients exhibited significant increases in FVC and FEV
but no changes in dyspnea scales, and acute exacerbation did not occur during the therapy.
Our observations suggest that anti-PD-1 therapy changed FeNO levels and pulmonary function in NSCLC patients. This therapy does not worsen COPD in terms of symptoms, pulmonary function, or acute exacerbation.
A novel layered AgBr‐based inorganic/organic nanocomposite was prepared by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of Ag in aqueous media in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and the ...formation mechanism of two‐dimensional nanosheet was discussed. TEM observations indicate that the obtained AgBr‐based inorganic/organic nanocomposite possesses a well‐defined two‐dimensional shape and that the size of the nanosheet can be changed with the surfactant concentration in the solution. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern was composed of a series of peaks that could be indexed to (00l) reflections of a layered structure, and the basal spacing of 20.0 Å indicated that the surfactant was included between the AgBr interlayers in an interdigitated bilayer arrangement. In contrast, a layered inorganic/organic nanocomposite cannot be formed at a CTAB concentration lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Based on our detailed investigation, we proposed the nanocomposite formation process, that is, that negatively charged inorganic AgBr was produced by a strong reaction between the ablated Ag species and the bromide ions, which are concurrently assembling with cationic surfactant molecules controlled by the charge‐matching mechanism.
A novel layered AgBr‐based inorganic/organic nanocomposite was prepared by pulsed laser ablation of Ag in aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The nanocomposite structure is composed of anionic bromine‐rich AgBr inorganic layers and cationic surfactant layers (CTA+) with an interdigitated bilayer arrangement.
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