Although the oxidative coupling of disilenides, i.e., the disilicon analogues of vinyl anions, represents a promising route to extend the conjugation between SiSi double bonds, previously reported ...synthetic routes to disilenides involve strongly reducing conditions. Herein, we report a novel synthetic route to disilenides from stable disilenes via the selective cleavage of Si(sp2)–Si(sp3) bonds under milder reaction conditions. Using this method, a 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)tetrasila-1,3-diene (5) was synthesized from the corresponding silyl-substituted disilene. Moreover, Et3Si-substituted tetrasila-1,3-diene 7 was synthesized via tetrasila-1,3-dien-1-ide 6, which is the first example of a functionalized tetrasila-1,3-diene.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The role of visual feedback during movement is attributed to its accuracy, but findings regarding the utilization of this information are inconsistent. We developed a novel dot-placing task to ...investigate the role of vision in arm movements. Participants conducted pointing-like movements between two target stimuli at even spaces. In Experiment 1, visual feedback of targets and response positions was manipulated. Although visual loss of target stimuli hindered accuracy of movements, the absence of the position of previously placed dots had little effect. In Experiment 2, the effect of movement time on accuracy was assessed, as the relationship between these has been traditionally understood as a speed/accuracy trade-off. Results revealed that duration of movement did not impact movement accuracy.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Using the spin-unrestricted density functional theory method, we investigate the relationship between structure, spin state, and second hyperpolarizability (γ) of the finite and infinite ...one-dimensional open-shell aggregates composed of cyclic thiazyl radicals, that is, 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl (DTDA) radicals. The DTDA aggregates with antiferromagnetic spin-alignment exhibit much greater enhancement of γ than the aggregates with ferromagnetic spin-alignment and the closed-shell benzene aggregates due to the intermediate open-shell singlet nature of the antiferromagnetic DTDA aggregate. It is found that this enhancement shows strong intermolecular distance dependences: the intermolecular distance giving the largest enhancement of γ decreases with increasing the number of molecules, and intermolecular distance alternation reduces the γ. For the infinite antiferromagnetic DTDA aggregate with a realistic intermolecular distance d = 3.1 Å, the γ per monomer reaches 1.9 × 106 au, which is comparable to that of the infinite open-shell singlet aggregate of phenalenyl radicals, and exhibits ∼2400 times enhancement as compared to that of the closed-shell benzene aggregate. This feature indicates the high-potential application of open-shell singlet cyclic thiazyl radical aggregates to outstanding third-order NLO materials.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
By using spin‐unrestricted density functional theory methods, the relationship between the diradical character y and the second hyperpolarizability γ (the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) ...properties at the molecular scale) for four‐membered‐ring diradical compounds, that is, cyclobutane‐1,3‐diyl, Niecke‐type diradicals, and Bertrand‐type diradicals, were investigated by focusing on the substitution effects of heavy main‐group elements as well as of donor/acceptor groups on the y and γ values. It has been found that i) γ is enhanced in the intermediate y region for these four‐membered‐ring diradicals, ii) Niecke‐type diradicals with intermediate y values, which are realized by tuning the combination of the main‐group elements involved, exhibit larger γ values than Bertrand‐type diradicals, and iii) the y value and thus γ value can be controlled by modifying the both‐end donor/acceptor substituents attached to carbon atoms in Nicke‐type C2P2 diradicals. These results demonstrate that four‐membered‐ring diradicals involving heavy main‐group elements exhibit high controllability of the y and γ, which indicates the potential applications of four‐membered‐ring diradicals as a building block of highly efficient open‐shell NLO materials.
Relationship issues: The relationship between the diradical character (y) and second hyperpolarizability (γ; third‐order nonlinear optical property) for several four‐membered‐ring diradicals involving heavy main‐group elements was investigated (see figure). It is found that γ is enhanced in the intermediate y region, and that y and γ can be controlled by modifying the main‐group elements and the donor/acceptor groups substituted into the four‐membered ring.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
The surgical result of early-staged lung cancer is not satisfactory due to unexpected postoperative lymph node metastasis and recurrence. This study aimed to investigate which preoperative ...factors—including the standard uptake value max (SUV
max
) of positron emission tomography—could predict occult lymph node metastasis and survival.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 598 patients with clinical stage I lung cancer who underwent surgery, and examined their preoperative clinical characteristics.
Results
A total of 1586 patients had surgery for primary lung cancer between 2006 and 2019; 598 patients with clinical stage I lung cancer were the study inclusion; occult lymph node metastasis was detected in 102 (17.1%). Univariable and multivariable analyses showed that SUV
max
≥ 3 (
P
< 0.001), clinical invasive tumor size ≥ 2 cm (
P
= 0.009), and carcinoembryonic antigen > 5 (
P
= 0.03) were associated with significant risk factors rated (%) for occult lymph node metastasis, as follows: high-risk group (three factors), moderate-risk group (two factors) and low-risk group (one factor or none) corresponding to 32.2 (28/87), 22.8 (41/180) and 7.3 (19/262), respectively (
P
< 0.001). The 5-year overall survival rates (%) of patients without lymph node metastasis holding SUV
max
6 or over were as poor as those of patients with lymph node metastasis (72.0% vs 64.1%;
P
= 0.56).
Conclusions
We might consider wedge resection or segmentectomy, omitting lymphadenectomy, for the low-risk group; adjuvant therapy is indicated for patients without lymph node metastasis having SUV
max
6 or over.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Introduction
Several prostate cancers carry homologous recombination repair mutations that respond to olaparib. Because of the mechanism, the efficacy of platinum‐based therapy can be used to predict ...the efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors such as olaparib.
Case presentation
We experienced two neuroendocrine prostate cancer patients who achieved a response duration of more than 1 year with platinum‐based therapy. Case 1 had a BRCA2 mutation in the germline and case 2 had a BRCA2 mutation in a somatic chromosome only. Both patients responded well to olaparib.
Conclusion
Cisplatin and olaparib may overlap in response due to their medicinal action. It may be useful to consider genetic testing in some CRPC patients who have responded to cisplatin.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Hard-to-degrade animal proteins are ubiquitously present throughout animal bodies. Enormous numbers of these proteins generated in the meat industry are converted to industrial wastes, the disposal ...of which is tremendously difficult. Most hard-to-degrade animal proteins are currently disposed of by incineration; however, this method has ecological disadvantages in terms of an apparent energy loss and the production of a large amount of carbon dioxide. As a result, an innovative solution to these problems has been sought. In this review, we focus on the degradation of three hard-to-degrade animal proteins (extracellular matrix proteins, collagen in particular, keratin, and prion proteins) and discuss the decomposing capability of thermophilic bacteria. These proteins are strongly resistant to proteinases because of their structural features; therefore, new approaches employing bacterial proteases with strong activity and broad specificity are required for practical application.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer is associated with a lower incidence of adverse events than conventional radiotherapy. There are few reports on the quality of ...life of patients treated with particle therapy, and limited patient‐reported outcomes. Analysis of quality of life is important for patients treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with hormonal therapy, and long‐term results, dose fractionation and costs need to be included in the analysis. This information might help both clinical decision‐making and selection of appropriate treatments according to the individual needs of patients. This study reviews the literature on the quality of life and outcomes of patients treated with particle therapy, and discusses future directions.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
African American (AA) breast cancer patients often have triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that contains mutations in the TP53 gene. The point mutations at amino acid residues R273 and R248 both ...result in oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) phenotypes. Expression of mutant p53 (mtp53) R273H associates with increased cell elasticity, survival under serum deprivation conditions, and increased Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) on the chromatin in the AA-derived TNBC breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468. We hypothesized that GOF mtp53 R248Q expression could stimulate a similar phenotype in the AA-derived TNBC cell line HCC70. To test this hypothesis we depleted the R248Q protein in the HCC70 cell line using shRNA-mediated knockdown. Using impedance-based real-time analysis we correlated the expression of mtp53 R248Q with increased cell deformability. We also documented that depletion of mtp53 R248Q increased PARP1 in the cytoplasm and decreased PARP1 on the chromatin. We conclude that in the AA-derived TNBC HCC70 cells mtp53 R248Q expression results in a causative tumor associated phenotype. This study supports using the biological markers of high expression of mtp53 R273H or R248Q as additional diagnostics for TNBC resistant subtypes often found in the AA community. Each mtp53 protein must be considered separately and this work adds R248Q to the increasing list of p53 mutations that can be used for diagnostics and drug targeting. Here we report that when R248Q mtp53 proteins are expressed in TNBC, then targeting the gain-of-function pathways may improve treatment efficacy.
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