Triple-negative essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a condition in which mutations in JAK2, CALR and MPL are all negative. Transformation to acute myeloid leukemia may occur during the course of ET, ...while B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia B-(ALL) is rare. We experienced a case diagnosed as B-ALL during the course of triple-negative ET. Notably, cytoreduction was required for the excessive increase in blood cells during the bone marrow recovery period after chemotherapies. Whole exome sequencing identified 17 somatic mutations: 9 were identified in both ET and B-ALL samples, while 8 were specific to B-ALL, suggesting that these 8 might have caused the transformation.
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an intractable type of T-cell lymphoma. We and others have identified that the p.Gly17Val RHOA mutation is specifically identified in AITL. We herein ...report a patient whose condition deteriorated, resulting from massive pericardial effusion one month after undergoing autologous transplantation for AITL. He was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade caused by AITL recurrence in the presence of the p.Gly17Val RHOA mutation as well as T-lineage cells with an aberrant immune-phenotype in the pericardial effusion. This case suggests that a precision medicine approach by detecting the presence of a p.Gly17Val RHOA mutation is useful for the management of AITL.
Triple-negative essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a condition in which mutations in JAK2, CALR and MPL are all negative. Transformation to acute myeloid leukemia may occur during the course of ET, ...while B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is rare. We experienced a case diagnosed as B-ALL during the course of triple-negative ET. Notably, cytoreduction was required for the excessive increase in blood cells during the bone marrow recovery period after chemotherapies. Whole-exome sequencing identified 17 somatic mutations: 9 were identified in both ET and B-ALL samples, while 8 were specific to B-ALL, suggesting that these 8 might have caused the transformation.
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an intractable type of T-cell lymphoma. We and others have identified that the p.Gly17Val RHOA mutation is specifically identified in AITL. We herein ...report a patient whose condition deteriorated, resulting from massive pericardial effusion one month after undergoing autologous transplantation for AITL. He was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade caused by AITL recurrence in the presence of the p.Gly17Val RHOA mutation as well as T-lineage cells with an aberrant immune-phenotype in the pericardial effusion. This case suggests that a precision medicine approach by detecting the presence of a p.Gly17Val RHOA mutation is useful for the management of AITL.
Cryopreservation enables long-term preservation of cells at ultralow temperatures. Current cryoprotective agents (CPAs) have several limitations, making it imperative to develop CPAs with advanced ...properties. Previously, we developed a novel synthetic polyampholyte-based CPA, copolymer of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and methacrylic acid(MAA) (poly(MAA-DMAEMA)), which showed excellent efficiency and biocompatibility. Introduction of hydrophobicity increased its efficiency significantly. Herein, we investigated the activity of other polyampholytes. We prepared two zwitterionic polymers, poly(sulfobetaine) (SPB) and poly(carboxymethyl betaine) (CMB), and compared their efficiency with poly(MAA-DMAEMA). Poly-SPB showed only intermediate property and poly-CMB showed no cryoprotective property. These data suggested that the polymer structure strongly influences cryoprotection, providing an impetus to elucidate the molecular mechanism of cryopreservation. We investigated the mechanism by studying the interaction of polymers with cell membrane, which allowed us to identify the interactions responsible for imparting different properties. Results unambiguously demonstrated that polyampholytes cryopreserve cells by strongly interacting with cell membrane, with hydrophobicity increasing the affinity for membrane interaction, which enables it to protect the membrane from various freezing-induced damages. Additionally, cryoprotective polymers, especially their hydrophobic derivatives, inhibit the recrystallization of ice, thus averting cell death. Hence, our results provide an important insight into the complex mechanism of cryopreservation, which might facilitate the rational design of polymeric CPAs with improved efficiency.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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The objective of this study is to control and elucidate the mechanism of molecular degradation in a polysaccharide hydrogel. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) immobilized dextran (Dex-GMA) ...was oxidized by periodate to introduce aldehyde groups (oxidized Dex-GMA). The hydrogel was formed by the addition of dithiothreitol to the oxidized Dex-GMA solution through thiol Michael addition with the preservation of the aldehyde group for degradation points. It was experimentally determined that the degradation of this hydrogel can be controlled by the addition of amino groups and the speed of degradation can be controlled independently of mechanical properties because crosslinking and degradation points are different. In addition, the molecular mechanism of the crosslinking between the thiol and aldehyde groups was found to control the degradation of dextran derivatives. It is expected that these results will be beneficial in the design of polymer materials in which the speed of degradation can be precisely controlled. In addition, the cytotoxicity of oxidized Dex-GMA was approximately 3000 times lower than that of glutaraldehyde. The low cytotoxicity of the aldehyde in oxidized Dex-GMA was the likely reason for the harmless functionalized polysaccharide material. Possible future clinical applications include cell scaffolds in regenerative medicine and carriers for drug delivery systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Polyampholytes are emerging macromolecular membrane non-penetrating cryoprotectants; however, the mechanism behind their cryopreservation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism ...using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The polymer-chain dynamics and the water and ion mobilities in the presence of various membrane penetrating and non-penetrating cryoprotectants were monitored at low temperatures to mimic cryopreservation conditions. NMR experiments revealed that the water, Sodium-ion, and polymer-chain signals in a carboxylated poly-ʟ-lysine (COOH-PLL) solution broadened upon cooling, indicating increasingly restricted mobility and increased solution viscosity. Moreover, strong intermolecular interactions facilitated the COOH-PLL glass transition, trapping water and salt in the gaps of the reversible matrix, preventing intracellular ice formation and osmotic shock during freezing; this reduced cell stress is responsible for cryoprotection. This simple NMR technique enabled the correlation of the cryoprotective properties of polymers that operate through mechanisms different from those of current cryoprotectants, and will facilitate the future molecular design of cryoprotectants.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of priming agents and artificial aging with thermocycling on shear bond strengths of two resin-based luting agents to a translucent ...zirconia material.
A total of 308 pairs of translucent zirconia disk specimens were divided into seven treatment groups: Alloy Primer (ALP), Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus (CCP), Meta Fast Bonding Liner (MFB), MR. bond (MRB), Super-Bond PZ Primer Liquid B (PZB), V-Primer (VPR), and an unprimed group (UP). The specimens in each group were bonded with Panavia V5 Universal (UNI) and Opaque shade (OPA). Shear bond strengths (n=11 each) were tested before and after 5000 thermocycles. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Steel–Dwass test.
For both 0 and 5000 thermocycles, the ALP (47.8 and 41.5MPa, respectively) and CCP (45.8 and 42.3MPa, respectively) groups showed significantly higher bond strengths than other groups in the UNI luting agent. For the OPA luting agent, CCP group (45.8MPa) exhibited the highest pre-thermocycling bond strength in all groups. The ALP (32.4MPa) and CCP (36.5MPa) groups had significantly higher post-thermocycling shear bond strengths than other groups. In several groups, the shear bond strengths of the UNI luting agent were significantly higher than those of the OPA luting agent before and after thermocycling.
Application of priming agents containing hydrophobic phosphate monomer (MDP) yielded the durable bond strengths of resin-based luting agents to a translucent zirconia material.
This study investigated the influence of roughening procedures and application of primers on shear bond strengths of CAD/CAM composite resin material or ceramic material to zirconia frameworks. A ...CAD/CAM composite resin block (Katana Avencia Block; AVE) and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic block (IPS e.max CAD; IEC) were used as veneer materials. The veneers were divided into three surface treatment groups; HF, hydrofluoric acid etching; AB, airborne-particle abrasion; and CON, no surface treatment. Each veneer was primed with four agents: Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (ACT), Clearfil Photo Bond (CPB), Clearfil Photo Bond with Porcelain Bond Activator (CPB+ACT), and no priming (UP). The zirconia frameworks and AVE or IEC veneers were resin-bonded. In the AVE specimen, AB treatment showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the other treatments at 0 and 20,000 thermocycles, except for UP and CPB+ACT groups at 20,000 thermocycles. Airborne-particle abrasion is necessary for resin bonding to Avencia blocks.
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