Awareness of Organizational Expertise Maybury, Mark; D'Amore, Ray; House, David
International journal of human-computer interaction,
20/6/1/, Volume:
14, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article describes automated tools for increasing organizational awareness within a global enterprise. The MITRE Corporation is the context for this work; however, the tools and techniques are ...general and should apply to a wide variety of distributed, heterogeneous organizations. These tools provide awareness of team members and materials in virtual collaboration environments as well as support for automated discovery of distributed experts. The results are embodied in 3 systems: MITRE's Collaborative Virtual Workspace (CVW), Expert Finder, and XpertNet. CVW is a place-based collaboration environment that enables team members to find one another and work together. Expert Finder is an expert skill finder that exploits the intellectual products created within an organization to support automated expertise identification. XpertNet addresses the problem of detecting extant or emerging classes of expertise without a priori knowledge of their existence. Both Expert Finder and XpertNet combine to detect and track experts and expert communities within a complex work environment. After describing the background of knowledge management at MITRE, this article describes the architecture and use of collaboration and expert finder systems to enhance organizational awareness, provides some principles of expertise, and concludes with an outline of future research directions.
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Audio and video processing promise significant enhancements to current human intensive tasks such as transportation and border surveillance. Operational solutions are now emerging that promise ...effective, objective, and affordable systems that provide automation of missions ranging from broad area surveillance to close in deception detection. This paper summarizes challenges and exemplifies operational solutions in both audio and video processing. Included is a detailed capability description of several operational systems and their applicability to homeland security missions.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect that changing step height had on ground reaction force. Using a randomised crossover design, 12 volunteers with no previous experience of step ...aerobics were recruited to perform at three different step heights: 6, 8 and 10 inches. Subjects performed a basic step at a cadence of 120 beats/min and performed three one minute trials during which ground reaction force was measured. Measurement of peak impact force, time to achieve peak impact, and total time of foot contact was made, and impulse of the force was calculated. Statistically significant differences were found to exist for peak impact force between the 6 and 8 inch and 6 and 10 inch, but not between the 8 and 10 inch conditions. No significant differences were found in any other parameters. The study supports the present advice that participants should use low step heights, and possible mechanisms of injury are discussed.
Automating the Finding of Experts Maybury, Mark; D'Amore, Ray; House, David
Research technology management,
11/2000, Volume:
43, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The ability to quickly find an expert or to establish an expert team is increasingly becoming a competitive advantage in our global economy. This article describes automated tools created for a ...global enterprise, The MITRE Corporation, that are used to discover and map corporate experts and areas of expertise within MITRE.
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The paper describes the application of a suite of innovative information processing and analytic support tools developed at The MITRE Corporation, in some cases as extensions of commercial tools, to ...the problem of discovery of illegal chemical proliferation activities from open (i.e. unclassified) sources. These include tools for multimedia information extraction and visualization (BNN), machine translation (WebMT), multidocument summarization (WebSumm), group knowledge management (KEAN), expertise discovery (PeopleFinder), and multiparty collaboration (J-CVW). We consider additional, identified and unfulfilled requirements that suggest future research directions such as data and knowledge mining, intelligent human computer interaction, and semantic collaboration.
Selecting the appropriate information to convey about an entity, or collections thereof, in a knowledge or data base is a fundamental problem in explanation generation. This article reports on the ...development and application of a general purpose similarity metric to the task of determining content during the automatic generation of explanations. In contrast to explaining expert system reasoning (e.g., explaining how a solution was derived, justifying a solution or knowledge), we focus here on description of terms and concepts that might occur in explanations. In particular, we illustrate the application of a similarity metric to help (1) define terms and concepts in natural language text, (2) compare entities in both text and combined text and graphics, and (3) provide limited analogies in the context of a dialogue. While our algorithms only address a small portion of the content selection problem, we claim that the descriptions our algorithms generate are both precise, containing only the most significant information about a particular entity in an underlying knowledge base, and comprehensive, containing all the significant information about the entity.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Collaboration services promise to improve the engagement and effectiveness of humans across geospatial, temporal, and organizational boundaries. However, there also are many examples of collaboration ...failures. After a brief introduction to collaboration services, this tutorial will describe several successful deployments of state-of-the-art collaboration environments and exemplify and demonstrate the use of collaboration services to enhance human activities. We will summarize key lessons learned and report a generalized process to increase the likelihood of successful collaboration. The tutorial lasts a full day and is primarily a lecture with video demonstrations. An on-line version of the tutorial will be made accessible at http://itc.mitre.org.
Intelligent user interfaces Maybury, Mark
International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces; 05-08 Jan. 1999,
12/1998
Conference Proceeding
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