Phytoliths of pteridophytes Mazumdar, J.
South African journal of botany,
2011, 2011-01-00, Volume:
77, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Study of phytoliths of pteridophytes is an emerging area of research. Literature on this aspect is limited but increasing. Some recent findings have shown that phytoliths may have systematic and ...phylogenetic utility in pteridophytes. Phytoliths are functionally significant for the development and survival of pteridophytes. Experiments with some pteridophytes have revealed various aspects of silica uptake, deposition and biological effects.
►Study of phytoliths of pteridophytes — an emerging area of research. ►Phytoliths could be useful for systematic and phylogenetic problems of pteridophytes. ►Phytoliths are also significant for the development and survival of pteridophytes. ►Experiments with some pteridophytes revealed many aspects of bio-silicification.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Generation of harmonics and the existence of waveform pollution in power system networks are important problems facing the power utilities. The determination of harmonic currents injected into a ...power network by a nonlinear load is complicated when the supply voltage waveform to the load is distorted by other loads and not a pure sinusoid. This paper proposes a neural network solution to this problem. A recurrent neural network trained with the backpropagation through time training algorithm is used to find a way of distinguishing between the so-called load harmonics and supply harmonics, without disconnecting the load from the network. The advantage of this method is that only waveforms of voltages and currents have to be measured. This method is applicable for both single and three phase loads and could be fabricated into a commercial instrument that could be installed in substations of large customer loads, or used as a hand-held clip on instrument. This paper is particularly useful in determining whether the utility or the customer side has a higher contribution to harmonic pollution in a network. Hence, this method would be helpful in settling utility-customer disputes over who is responsible for harmonic pollution.
クジャクシダ属（イノモトソウ科）は約200種が知られ，インドからは23種が報告されている．CALでの標本調査の結果，Adianthum breviserratum (Ching) Ching & Y. X. Linがインドのクマオン，ガルワール，ヒマチャル・プラデシュ，カシミールなどから採集されていることが明らかになった．これらの標本は新種として Adiantum himalaicum N. ...C. Nair & S. R. Ghoshと名付けられた．その標本の一つにはS. R. Ghoshによって同定ラベルが添付されされ，Type Materialとされている(Fig. 1)．しかし，この名称は正式に発表されず，Fig. 1もタイプ標本ではない．著者はこれらの標本をA. breviserratumと同定した．本種はこれまで中国固有とみなされていたものであるが，西ヒマラヤからも採集されていたことになる．本稿では併せて本種 A. breviserratumのレクトタイプを選定した．レクトタイプはT. T. Yü 17150 (PE00049735)である．
This paper presents results from the phase I study of the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor GSK2256098 in patients with advanced solid tumors. The MTD was identified as 1000 mg, oral BID. Treatment ...with GSK2256098 showed a good tolerability, evidence of target engagement, and clinical activity in patients with recurrent, merlin-negative mesothelioma.
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important in cancer growth, survival, invasion, and migration. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the FAK inhibitor, GSK2256098, in cancer patients.
The dose of GSK2256098 was escalated, in cohorts of patients with advanced cancer, from 80 to 1500 mg, oral twice daily (BID), until the MTD was determined. Serial blood samples were obtained from all patients, and the PK was determined. Paired tumor biopsies were obtained in select patients, and the level of phospho-FAK (pFAK) was determined.
Sixty-two patients (39 males, 23 females; median age 61 y.o., range 21–84) received GSK2256098. Dose-limiting toxicities of grade 2 proteinuria (1000 mg BID), grade 2 fatigue, nausea, vomiting (1250 mg BID), and grade 3 asthenia and grade 2 fatigue (1500 mg BID) were reported with the MTD identified as 1000 mg BID. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were nausea (76%), diarrhea (65%), vomiting (58%), and decreased appetite (47%) with the majority of AEs being grades 1–2. The PK was generally dose proportional with a geometric mean elimination half-life range of 4–9 h. At the 750, 1000, and 1500 mg BID dose levels evaluated, the pFAK, Y397 autophosphorylation site, was reduced by ∼80% from baseline. Minor responses were observed in a patient with melanoma (−26%) and three patients with mesothelioma (−13%, −15%, and −17%). In the 29 patients with recurrent mesothelioma, the median progression-free survival was 12 weeks with 95% CI 9.1, 23.4 weeks (23.4 weeks merlin negative, n = 14; 11.4 weeks merlin positive, n = 9; 10.9 weeks merlin status unknown, n = 6).
GSK2256098 has an acceptable safety profile, has evidence of target engagement at doses at or below the MTD, and has clinical activity in patients with mesothelioma, particularly those with merlin loss.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A total of 37 street vended food samples were examined for bacterial and the colony forming units counts ranged from 4.5 × 105 to 1.12 × 106. The isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (37.5%), ...Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.57%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.20%), Salmonella sp. (5.36%), Klebsiella sp. (10.71%), Shigella sp. (19.64%) and Enterobacter sp. (8.93%) respectively. All the 56 isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin while their susceptibility to the other drugs varied. These findings demonstrated that the ready-to-eat foods vended in Silchar city constitute an important potential hazard to human health and provision of health education to the vendors would improve quality of street foods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Current theoretical investigation of atherosclerotic arteries deals with mathematical models that represent non-Newtonian flow of blood through a stenosed artery in the presence of a transverse ...magnetic field. Here, the rheology of the flowing blood is characterised by a generalised Power law model. The distensibility of an arterial wall has been accounted for based on local fluid mechanics. A radial coordinate transformation is initiated to map cosine geometry of the stenosis into a rectangular grid. An appropriate finite difference scheme has been adopted to solve the unsteady non-Newtonian momentum equations in cylindrical coordinate system. Exploiting suitably prescribed conditions based on the assumption of an axial symmetry under laminar flow condition rendered the problem effectively to two dimensions. An extensive quantitative analysis has been performed based on numerical computations in order to estimate the effects of Hartmann number (
M
), Power law index (
n
), generalised Reynolds number
(
R
e
G
)
, severity of the stenosis
(
δ
)
on various parameters such as flow velocity, flux and wall shear stress by means of their graphical representations so as to validate the applicability of the proposed mathematical model. The present results agree with some of the existing findings in the literature.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) was studied using copper on manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) as catalysts. A range of copper supported on ...OMS-2 catalysts was prepared using the modified wet-impregnation technique and characterized thoroughly using powder X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy metal analysis, Fourier transform infrared, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and N
2
sorption analyses. Process parameters for selective hydrogenation of LA to GVL were optimized using the design of experiment (DoE) approach with response surface methodology comprising a central composite design. Using the optimized conditions (190°C reaction temperature, 20 bar H
2
pressure and 20 wt% Cu loading on OMS-2), up to 98% yield of GVL could be achieved in water as a solvent. Based on DoE, H
2
pressure had the most influence on GVL selectivity followed by catalyst loading used for the hydrogenation of LA. The response surface methodology model also showed synergistic effect of reaction temperature and H
2
pressure on the yield of GVL. 20 wt% Cu/OMS-2 catalysts were re-used up to four cycles and showed noticeable loss of activity after the first cycle due to observed leaching of loose Cu species, thereafter the activity loss diminished during subsequent recycles.
Generation of harmonics and the existence of waveform pollution in power system networks are important problems facing the power utilities. The increased use of nonlinear devices in industry has ...resulted in direct increase of harmonic distortion in the industrial power system in recent years. Interaction between loads and sources in a power distribution network is a complex process and often not possible to explain analytically without making assumptions. The determination of true harmonic current distortion of a load is further complicated by the fact that the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) is rarely a pure sinusoid. This paper proposes a neural network based method to find a way of distinguishing between load contributed harmonics and supply harmonics, without disconnecting any load from the network. A neural network structure with memory is used to model the admittance of the nonlinear load. Once training is achieved, the neural network predicts the true harmonic current of the load if it could be supplied with a clean sine wave. The main advantage of this method is that only waveforms of voltages and currents have to be measured and is applicable for single phase as well as multiphase loads. This could be integrated into a commercially available power quality instrument or be fabricated as a standalone instrument that could be installed in substations of large customer loads, or used as a hand-held clip on instrument
Echo state networks (ESNs) are a special form of recurrent neural network (RNN). Complexities with existing algorithms have thus far limited supervised training techniques for RNNs from widespread ...use. When it comes to practical applications, multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNs) still dominate. This paper investigates the application of ESNs for the prediction of true current harmonics of a nonlinear load in the presence of distorted supply voltage. The determination of true harmonic current injection by individual loads is complicated by the fact that the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) is distorted by other loads at the PCC or further upstream. Experimental results are presented with the proposed ESN algorithm applied to a laboratory test circuit. The difference between the measured current harmonics and the predicted ESN results are quantified in the form of a new parameter. The uniqueness of the proposed harmonic prediction method is that the results are obtained without disrupting the operation of any load and only require the acquisition of voltage and current waveforms. This method is applicable for both single- and three-phase loads.
Taxonomic status of Metapolypodium (Polypodiaceae) is discussed which is accepted as a distinct genus comprising two species – M. manmeiense (Christ) Ching and M. fieldingianum (Kunze ex ...Mett.) Shalimov et Mazumdar, comb. nov.
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