The article was inspired by a court case in which the Supreme Court found that a former husband, having been betrayed for years, whose ex-wife gave birth to four children by another man during their ...marriage, has no right to compensation for violation of personal rights. The author strongly criticizes this judgment. He also considers the contractual aspects of marriage in the personal sphere and refers to the proposal of compensation or compensation, or remedy for causing a breakdown of marriage.
Badacze prawa autorskiego w Polsce opisali rozliczne prawa majątkowe i osobiste twórców oraz ich ochronę. Ale w zasadzie nie napisali prawie nic o deprecjacji, niekiedy wręcz unicestwianiu wielu tych ...praw, w czasach restaurowania drapieżnej wersji kapitalizmu. O najczęstszej fikcji prawa do honorarium. O wymuszaniu na autorach nie tylko formy wydawanych tekstów. O nierzadkiej cenzurze artykułów dotykających kwestii niewygodnych politycznie. Takie procedery dotykają przede wszystkim młodych adeptów nauki, ucząc ich często serwilizmu, niekiedy budząc strach, nakazując poprawność, nie zaś wierność prawdzie i wartościom. Przez co zabijana jest nie tylko nauka.
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The process of mononucleosome assembly mediated by histone chaperone NAP1 was investigated using DNA fragments 146 and 207 bp in length containing the Lytechinus variegatus 5 S rDNA nucleosome ...positioning sequence. A quantitative description was derived using gel electrophoresis and fluorescent anisotropy data. First, NAP1-bound H3·H4 was released forming a DNA-histone tetramer complex with a time constant of k1 = (2.5 ± 0.7) · 104m–1 s–1. The tetrasome was converted quickly (k2 = (4.1 ± 3.5) · 105m–1 s–1), by the addition of a single H2A·H2B dimer, into a “hexasome,” i.e. a nucleosome lacking one H2A·H2B dimer. From this intermediate a nucleosome was formed by the addition of a second H2A·H2B dimer with an average rate constant k3 = (6.6 ± 1.4) · 103m–1 s–1. For the back-reaction, significant differences were observed between the 146- and 207-bp DNA upon substitution of the canonical H2A histone with H2A.Z. The distinct nucleosome/hexasome ratios were reflected in the corresponding equilibrium dissociation constants and revealed some differences in nucleosome stability. In a fourth reaction, NAP1 mediated the binding of linker histone H1 to the nucleosome, completing the chromatosome structure with k4 = (7.7 ± 3.7) · 103m–1 s–1. The activity of the chromatin remodeling complex ACF did not increase the kinetics of the mononucleosome assembly process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Vitamin B₆ is an essential metabolic cofactor that has more functions in humans than any other single nutrient. Its de novo biosynthesis occurs through two mutually exclusive pathways that are absent ...in animals. The predominant pathway found in most prokaryotes, fungi, and plants has only recently been discovered. It is distinguished by a glutamine amidotransferase, which is remarkable in that it alone can synthesize the cofactor form, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), directly from a triose and a pentose saccharide and glutamine. Here we report the 3D structure of the PLP synthase complex with substrate glutamine bound as well as those of the individual synthase and glutaminase subunits Pdx1 and Pdx2, respectively. The complex is made up of 24 protein units assembled like a cogwheel, a dodecameric Pdx1 to which 12 Pdx2 subunits attach. In contrast to the architecture of previously determined glutamine amidotransferases, macromolecular assembly is directed by an N-terminal α-helix on the synthase. Interaction with the synthase subunit leads to glutaminase activation, resulting in formation of an oxyanion hole, a prerequisite for catalysis. Mutagenesis permitted identification of the remote glutaminase and synthase catalytic centers and led us to propose a mechanism whereby ammonia shuttles between these active sites through a methionine-rich hydrophobic tunnel.
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Disputes and even conflicts regarding the legal situation of the fetus (unborn child) justify the need for debate also among lawyers. Apart from the areas of extreme controversy, there are also such ...areas where research cooperation seems possible. The fate of children affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders is one that should be of concern to all. The paper outlines the medical, economic and social context of FASDs. Against this background, the legal aspects of these damages are presented through the prism of Polish criminal, civil and administrative law, including draft legal solutions. The author justifies the thesis on the need to use non-penal legal instruments to counteract the causes of FASDs, in order to complement educational, informational and support activities undertaken for the same purpose.
Human remains, not just corpses, are sometimes cultural goods. In the frst part of our work, we present an outline of selected legal aspects of human remains. According to Polish law, corpses cannot ...have the status of historical monuments, but preparations from human remains are able to obtain such status. The remains can also be a part of monuments or archaeological monuments. In such cases, exposure to public display is subject to restrictions. Currently, special legal problems relate to “exotic” human remains that were included into Western museum collections during colonial times. The presented examples show that in the funeral tradition of our (and not only our) cultural circle, the integrity of human corpses and ashes was not considered a value in itself. Therefore, we believe that the current approachof the Polish courts to the fragmentation of ashes remaining after body cremation is too restrictive.
This work aims to create an ANN-based system for a musical improviser. An artificial improviser of "hearing" music will create a melody. The data supplied to the improviser is MIDItype musical data. ...This is the harmonic-rhythmic course, the background for improvisation, and the previously made melody notes. The harmonic run is fed into the system as the currently ongoing chord and the time to the next chord, while the supplied few dozen notes performed earlier will indirectly carry information about the entire run and the musical context and style. Improvisation training is carried out to check ANN as a correctlooking musical improvisation device. The improviser generates several hundred notes to be substituted for a looped rhythmicharmonic waveform and examined for quality.
NAP1 (nucleosome assembly protein 1) is a histone chaperone that has been described to bind predominantly to the histone H2A·H2B dimer in the cell during shuttling of histones into the nucleus, ...nucleosome assembly/remodeling, and transcription. Here it was examined how NAP1 interacts with chromatin fibers isolated from HeLa cells. NAP1 induced a reversible change toward an extended fiber conformation as demonstrated by sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation experiments. This transition was due to the removal of the linker histone H1. The H2A·H2B dimer remained stably bound to the native fiber fragments and to fibers devoid of linker histone H1. This was in contrast to mononucleosome substrates, which displayed a NAP1-induced removal of a single H2A·H2B dimer from the core particle. The effect of NAP1 on the chromatin fiber structure was examined by scanning/atomic force microscopy. A quantitative image analysis of ∼36,000 nucleosomes revealed an increase of the average internucleosomal distance from 22.3 ± 0.4 to 27.6 ± 0.6 nm, whereas the overall fiber structure was preserved. This change reflects the disintegration of the chromatosome due to binding of H1 to NAP1 as chromatin fibers stripped from H1 showed an average nucleosome distance of 27.4 ± 0.8 nm. The findings suggest a possible role of NAP1 in chromatin remodeling processes involved in transcription and replication by modulating the local linker histone content.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The article was inspired by a court case in which the Supreme Court found that a former husband, having been betrayed for years, whose ex-wife gave birth to four children by another man during their ...marriage, has no right to compensation for violation of personal rights. The author strongly criticizes this judgment. He also considers the contractual aspects of marriage in the personal sphere and refers to the proposal of compensation or compensation, or remedy for causing a breakdown of marriage.
The paper presents the usage of the intelligent processing methods in vehicles to increase an active safety without any interference with a driving process. We are taking into account three aspects. ...The main goal of the first one is overtaking driver's reactions. The system – based on the soft computing methodology working “on-line”– analyses pictures in front of the vehicle and recognises road events The second aspect – the monitoring devices are able to use automatic number plate recognition techniques to capture and store the various parameters for vehicles recognized in automatic way by the video detection techniques. Data from the monitoring devices are used to analyse the travel time of vehicles – elements of the transportation system. We build the travel time model taking into account the real road situation. The final safety aspect is based on intelligent dispatching method.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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