On 22 October 2018, President Donald Trump ignited controversy when he proclaimed at a rally in Texas, "You know, they have a word-it's sort of became old-fashioned-it's called a 'nationalist.' ... ...You know what I am? I'm a nationalist, okay? I'm a nationalist. Nationalist. Nothing wrong. Use that word." President Trump's provocation aimed explicitly to draw a contrast with "globalism," a contrived foreign policy posture that echoes liberal internationalism. By using the word "nationalist" to implicitly reject liberal internationalism, which itself expresses deep currents in American national identity, Trump turned a discussion about America's relationship with the world into a vehicle by which to defend his vision for and understanding of the United States, one that prioritizes sharp boundaries between "Americans" and others, deemphasizes consensus building and institutionalism, and disdains foreign aid, which is often conceived as a proxy for welfare spending. Trump's invocation of nationalism, in other words, was...
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We use Supreme Court amicus curiae briefs filed by seven religious groups—four liberal and three conservative—to understand the changing nature of political conflict between American religious groups ...in the predominantly White Protestant tradition from 1969 to 2020. Religious groups on both sides of the ideological divide have increased the frequency of their amicus filings, and increasingly become involved in issue areas which were once primarily the concern of groups on the other side. These findings suggest that the culture war that redefined party politics in America has also shaped religious activism, including legal activism. We argue that these groups have increased their involvement in a wider range of issues for two reasons: their rivalry for influence over the nation's moral center has become more encompassing and overtly political, and their appreciation for and consciously developed ability to tap into the courts' influence on American politics has grown.
May we not feel assured that if we do our duty, the Providence which favored the undertakings of the fathers and every step of our progress since, will continue His watchful care and guidance over ...us, and that "the hand that led us to our present place will not relax His grip till we have reached the glorious goal He has fixed for us in achievement of His end"? -William McKinley, 18991 Throughout U.S. history, from manifest destiny through Ronald Reagan's opposition to the Soviet Union's "evil empire" to George W. Bush's effort to transform Iraq into an outpost of American democracy, U.S. statesmen have often applied a moralistic understanding of American identity to their foreign policy visions. Liberal theorists argue that America's efforts to spread democracy support its security interests, a claim based in Immanuel Kant's democratic peace theory.5 The United States, as the world's first liberal democracy, has historically found this logic compelling, which helps account for its opposition to contrasting models of political organization, such as monarchy, communism, and fascism.6 Yet, the idea of American mission also includes an idealistic streak:
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Glaucoma is a disorder of the optic nerves that is characterized by cupping of the optic-nerve head and loss of peripheral vision. Occasionally, there is also loss of central vision. Intraocular ...pressure is elevated in the majority of cases and is thought to contribute to the optic-nerve damage. The disease is insidious, and affected patients frequently have no symptoms. In over 90 percent of patients with glaucoma, the trabecular meshwork appears to be completely normal on clinical examination, and as a result, such patients are said to have open-angle glaucoma. The age at onset of open-angle glaucoma ranges from less . . .
McCartney examines how the Bush administration drew upon nationalist imagery first to interpret the terrorists attacks of Sep 11, 2001 and then to frame the war against Iraq. He demonstrates how Pres ...Bush drew on both enduring elements of American identity and security concerns following September 11 to provide normative justification for the Iraq invasion.
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To investigate the phenotype and age-related penetrance of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Australian families with the most common Myocilin mutation (Gln368STOP).
Cross-sectional genetic ...study.
Eight pedigrees carrying the Gln368STOP mutation were ascertained from 1730 consecutive cases of POAG in the Glaucoma Inheritance Study in Tasmania.
Index cases and available family members were examined for signs of glaucoma, and the presence of the
GLC1A Gln368STOP mutation was ascertained by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and subsequent direct sequencing.
From the eight pedigrees, 29 Gln368STOP mutation-carrying individuals with either ocular hypertension (OHT) or POAG were found, with a mean age at diagnosis of 52.4 ± 12.9 years and a mean peak intraocular pressure (IOP) of 28.4 ± 4.7 mmHg. A further 11 mutation carriers older than 40 years have been studied, who as yet show no signs of OHT or POAG. Within the 8 pedigrees, a further 31 individuals with OHT or POAG were identified who did not carry the Gln368STOP mutation. For these individuals the mean age at diagnosis was higher (62.3 ± 13.7 years,
P < 0.01), and the mean peak IOP was lower (25.4 ± 6.4 mmHg,
P = 0.01). For Gln368STOP carriers, age-related penetrance for OHT or POAG was 72% at age 40 years and 82% at age 65 years. A positive family history of POAG was present in all index cases. Five of the eight pedigrees had a positive family history on both maternal and paternal sides. Seven of the eight pedigrees had one or more individuals with POAG who did not carry the mutation. Eight of the 29 Gln368STOP carriers with OHT or POAG had undergone trabeculectomy.
The
GLC1A Gln368STOP mutation is associated with POAG, which in the pedigrees studied is of a younger age of onset and higher peak IOP than non-mutation glaucoma cases. In addition, Gln368STOP mutation glaucoma cases were more likely to have undergone glaucoma drainage surgery. We have not observed simple autosomal dominant inheritance patterns for POAG in these pedigrees. Other factors, as yet uncharacterized, are involved in expression of the POAG phenotype in Gln368STOP pedigrees.
Background:
The evidence associating diet and risk of multiple sclerosis is inconclusive.
Objective:
We investigated associations between dietary patterns and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of ...central nervous system demyelination, a common precursor to multiple sclerosis.
Methods:
We used data from the 2003–2006 Ausimmune Study, a case–control study examining environmental risk factors for a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination, with participants matched on age, sex and study region. Using data from a food frequency questionnaire, dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Conditional logistic regression models (n = 698, 252 cases, 446 controls) were adjusted for history of infectious mononucleosis, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, smoking, race, education, body mass index and dietary misreporting.
Results:
We identified two major dietary patterns – healthy (high in poultry, fish, eggs, vegetables, legumes) and Western (high in meat, full-fat dairy; low in wholegrains, nuts, fresh fruit, low-fat dairy), explaining 9.3% and 7.5% of variability in diet, respectively. A one-standard deviation increase in the healthy pattern score was associated with a 25% reduced risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination (adjusted odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.60, 0.94; p = 0.011). There was no statistically significant association between the Western dietary pattern and risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination.
Conclusion:
Following healthy eating guidelines may be beneficial for those at high risk of multiple sclerosis.
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