To evaluate the effect of biomedical students' ongoing education, we assessed their knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobial use.
A cross-sectional study was carried out among the students of ...four study programs: Medicine in Croatian, Medicine in English, Dental medicine, and Pharmacy. The anonymous questionnaire was distributed to students who attended classes from April to May 2018.
A total of 947 (86%) out of 1,107 students enrolled at the University of Split School of Medicine participated in this study. A third of dental students (51/159) and a quarter of medical (113/458) and pharmacy students (32/130) believed that paracetamol was an antibiotic that reduces pain. However, the percentage significantly decreased from the first to the final years. Only 31% of the final year dental medicine students (5/16) named a correct guideline for the usage of antimicrobial drugs, 23% of medical students (18/78), and none in the English program. Pharmacy students were the most informed, since 76% of the final year students (16/21) named Intersectoral Coordination Mechanism for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance (ISKRA) guidelines.
The students showed poor knowledge on the use of guidelines for antibiotic use, highlighting the need for changes in the existing curricula, including a more effective course on antimicrobial prescribing.
The most prevalent children’s chronic disease worldwide is asthma which has notable negative impacts on patients’ and parent’s quality of life. Daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy is a ...preferred controller choice. This study was conducted on 148 parents of asthmatic children to establish parents’ perception of illness and fear of inhaled corticosteroids using B-IPQ and TOPICOP questionnaires. Children were in the majority male (66.9%), older than five years (58.8%), with comorbidities, and family history of atopy. Parents were female, with a mean age of 38, employed, and with a history of some form of corticosteroid use. Most parents were not afraid of ICS usage (71.6%). Unemployed parents and parents who had no medical education had a statistically significantly higher fear of using ICS (p = 0.002, p = 0.03). A child’s illness affects the parents’ lives and parents who are afraid of using ICS react more emotionally to the child’s illness. Better understanding and less concerned about child’s disease are parents of children with controlled asthma. The parents’ perspective of children’s asthma will affect the duration and dose of ICS treatment they will give to their children and directly influence the level of asthma control.
Clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19 varied from asymptomatic forms to severe, life-threatening conditions that required treatment in intensive care units. These severe forms of illness are ...connected with a hypercoagulable state due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation, and altered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). In total, 17 COVID-19 positive patients were diagnosed with peripheral arterial thrombosis (AT), 13 of them had COVID-19 pneumonia. Laboratory findings in patients with X-ray confirmed pneumonia showed a four times higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and three times higher lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH) than patients without confirmed pneumonia. Patients with pneumonia had significantly more bilateral occlusions of the lower extremities and a significantly higher percentage with complete occlusion of the arteries than patients without pneumonia. The rate of limb loss was 35.3%. They were all from the group with COVID-19 pneumonia. Ten out of thirteen patients with pneumonia died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). All patients without pneumonia were discharged from the hospital. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the incidence of arterial thrombosis of lower extremities and their complications in the acute phase of the infection among COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital for treatment.
The central role of the dentist in the treatment of oncology patients is to care for the patient’s oral cavity before, during, and after radio/chemotherapy. The aim of this research was to determine ...the knowledge of dental students from five universities in three neighboring countries, Croatia (Split, Rijeka, and Zagreb), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo), and Slovenia (Ljubljana), about oncology patients’ dental care. A total of 140 students in their fourth, fifth, and sixth year of dental medicine studies participated in this research. A questionnaire with 36 specific questions was designed for this research and included questions about dental care of oncologic patients before, during, and after the oncology therapy. Most students are familiar with the incidence and most common type of head and neck tumors, while knowledge about tumor treatment and the side-effects of radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy is weak. Students did not show satisfactory knowledge about osteoradionecrosis, which is the most serious side-effect of radiotherapy; therefore, the emphasis on additional education should be greatest in this area. Teaching staff should be aware of lack of student knowledge and try to offer more information and practice in providing dental care for oncology patients.
Background
Geographic tongue (GT) is a benign inflammatory condition usually involving the dorsal surface and lateral borders of the tongue. Numerous etiological factors of GT have been suggested, ...including immunological factors; genetic; atopic or allergic predisposition; emotional stress; and hormonal disturbances. GT may also coexist as one of the possible manifestations of celiac disease (CD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CD, positive serologic tests for CD screening, and HLA‐DQ presence in patients with GT.
Methods
Tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti‐tTG), antibodies against gliadin (AGA), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing were assessed for 60 GT patients and 60 healthy control subjects. The duodenal biopsy was performed in patients with positive serologic tests.
Results
We found that 9 (15%) GT patients were positive for IgA tTG, and in those patients histological changes consistent with CD were confirmed by duodenal biopsy. Only two of them reported the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. There were statistically significant differences between the GT patients and control group for immunoglobulin (Ig) A tTG (P = 0.03), IgG tTG (P = 0.04), IgA AGA (P = 0.04), and IgG AGA (P = 0.02).
Conclusion
The results of our study demonstrated the increased prevalence of CD in patients with GT. Therefore, the clinical oral examination should be considered a diagnostic tool, especially in atypical or silent forms of CD, since it may contribute to provide an early diagnosis.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) is a peptide hormone essential for prenatal growth and development. IGF-2 exerts its mitogenic effects via Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R), and is ...eliminated by binding to Insulin-Like Growth Receptor 2 (IGF-2R). IGF-2 is also negatively regulated by Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN), a phosphatase mutated in various tumors. Not much is known about the interplay between these factors during human odontogenesis. In this study, expression patterns of IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and PTEN were analyzed by double immunofluorescence in incisor human tooth germs during the foetal period of development between the 7
th
and 20
th
gestational week. Throughout the investigated period, IGF-2 was mostly expressed in enamel organ, whereas mild to moderate expression of PTEN could be seen in dental papilla and parts of enamel organ. Expression of IGF-1R was ubiquitous and displayed strong intensity throughout the entire enamel organ. In contrast, expression of IGF-2R had rather erratic pattern in enamel organ and dental papilla alike. Expression patterns of IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and PTEN in highly proliferative cervical loops, as well as in differentiating pre-ameloblasts and pre-odontoblasts of cusp tip region during the early and late bell stages when enamel organ acquires definitive shape, indicate importance of these factors in crown morphogenesis of human incisor. Taken together, our data suggest the involvement of IGF-2, IGF-1R, IGF-2R and PTEN in temporo-spatial patterning of basic cellular processes (proliferation, differentiation) during normal tooth development. They are also relevant for improving knowledge of molecular basis of human odontogenesis.
The aim of this study was to assess dental students' perception of different learning environment in India, Nepal and Croatia.
The study was conducted during a period of academic year 2016/17. A ...total of 849 dental students participated in the study. There were 188 respondents from Croatia, 373 from India, and 288 from Nepal. Non-responders were not followed up. The Dental Student Learning Environment Survey (DSLES) was used which consisted of 55 items subdivided into seven scales. The scales measured the following perceptions: Flexibility, 'Student-to-Student Interactions, Emotional Climate, Supportiveness, Meaningful Experience, Organization and Breadth of Interest. Statistical analysis of the data utilised the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The Kruskal-Wallis "non-parametric ANOVA" was also used to test the differences between the countries. A post hoc analysis was performed using Ranks tables and the Median test.
The response rate was 26.9%. Significant differences between the countries were found for all DSLES variables (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.01). The Median test also showed significant differences between the countries for all DSLES variables (p<0.01). The scales with the highest mean values were 'Student-to-student interactions' in India and Nepal, and the 'Emotional Climate' in Croatia.
Students in Croatia rated their school only with grades excellent and good, while their colleagues in India and Nepal were more critical. Despite the different settings in three countries, 'Flexibility' was identified as the area of weakness in all three educational systems.
Highlights • Expressions of IGF-1, caspase-3 and HSP-70 were analyzed during fetal stages of human tooth development. • Expressions of IGF-1, caspase-3 and HSP-70 displayed specific temporo-spatial ...pattern in epithelial parts of human tooth germ. • IGF-1, caspase-3 and HSP-70 are involved in normal human tooth development.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The most widespread chronic condition observed amid children globally is asthma. Only half of children with asthma adhere to their prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) therapy. Parents' emotions ...and perspectives regarding asthma have an impact on inhalation corticosteroid adherence. The participants in this study were 148 parents of children with asthma, with the aim to redintegrate their beliefs about medicines in general and specifically of ICS and the impact on ICS adherence in children with asthma. Children were mostly male (66.9%), older than five years (58.8%), parents were female, mean age 38, employed, and with a history of consumption of some form of corticosteroids. Parents' answers show that 50% of them disagreed with the statement that medicines are addictive, and 90% agree that medicine helps many to live better. A percentage of 77.7% of parents acknowledge that their child's health relies on inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), and 86.5% of parents agree that these medications safeguard their child from worsening health. Most of the parents (93.2%) adhere to the guidelines and instructions of the doctor. In summary, parents who hold the belief that medicines are neither overused nor harmful tend to exhibit a higher adherence. Furthermore, those with elevated adherence levels express lower levels of concern regarding the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in their children's asthma therapy.
Using Patch ECG Device During Lower Third Molar Surgery Prkic, Ana; Tomasic, Ivan; Lesin, Antonella ...
International journal of information systems and supply chain management,
10/2021, Volume:
10, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This study aimed to evaluate cardiac activity changes during lower third molar surgery concerning gender and anxiety levels. Thirty healthy subjects who required lower third molar surgery filled out ...Norman Corah dental anxiety scale (DAS) before surgery. A patch ECG device (Savvy, Institute ''Jožef Stefan'', Ljubljana, Slovenia) was applied to the patient to evaluate heart rate (HR) and heart rhythm. These parameters were assessed in 8 different intervals. Periods of the highest mean HR values—incision and flap elevation compared to the period with minimal mean HR values—during suturing showed statistical significance difference (p<0.05). The most common outstanding ECG finding was sinus tachycardia, especially in anxious compared to non-anxious patients. Extraction difficulty score was correlated with the procedure duration time and with the abnormal ECG findings in the period of tooth extraction. Significant cardiac activity changes are detected during surgery. Physiological manifestations of anxiety may be evaluated successfully using a patch ECG device.
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