The aim of this study was to compare the effects of rest redistribution (RR) on kinetics and kinematics during the hang pull (HP). Twenty-one male athletes (age 29.5 ± 4.3 years, height 1.78 ± 0.07 ...m, body mass 75.17 ± 11.11 kg, relative one repetition maximum 1RM power clean PC 1.17 ± 0.14 kg.kg-1) performed the HP using 140% of 1RM PC with 3 traditional sets of 6 repetitions (TS), 9 sets of 2 repetitions with RR 45s rest after 2 repetitions (RR45) and 6 sets of 3 repetitions with RR 72s rest after 3 repetitions (RR72). Peak velocity (PV) was higher during RR72 (1.18 ± 0.11 m.s-1) compared to RR45 (1.14 ± 0.11 m.s-1) for the average of 18 repetitions (p = 0.025, g = 0.36). There was a main effect for set configuration with greater peak force (PF) (p < 0.001, g = 0.14) during RR72 compared to RR45, with greater PV and impulse (p < 0.001, g = 0.19-0.36) during RR72 compared to RR45. There was also greater peak velocity maintenance (PVM) (p = 0.042, g = 0.44) for RR72 compared to RR45. There were no significant or meaningful differences (p > 0.05, g = 0.00-0.59) between configurations for any other variables. Rest redistribution protocols did not result in significantly or meaningfully greater kinetics or kinematics during the HP when compared to a TS protocol; although performing RR72 resulted in higher PF, PV, and impulse, with improved PVM compared to RR45.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective To assess the overall effect of the English urgent referral pathway on cancer survival.Setting 8049 general practices in England.Design Cohort study. Linked information from the national ...Cancer Waiting Times database, NHS Exeter database, and National Cancer Register was used to estimate mortality in patients in relation to the propensity of their general practice to use the urgent referral pathway.Participants 215 284 patients with cancer, diagnosed or first treated in England in 2009 and followed up to 2013. Outcome measure Hazard ratios for death from any cause, as estimated from a Cox proportional hazards regression.Results During four years of follow-up, 91 620 deaths occurred, of which 51 606 (56%) occurred within the first year after diagnosis. Two measures of the propensity to use urgent referral, the standardised referral ratio and the detection rate, were associated with reduced mortality. The hazard ratio for the combination of high referral ratio and high detection rate was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 0.99), applying to 16% (n=34 758) of the study population. Patients with cancer who were registered with general practices with the lowest use of urgent referral had an excess mortality (hazard ratio 1.07 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.08); 37% (n=79 416) of the study population). The comparator group for these two hazard ratios was the remaining 47% (n=101 110) of the study population. This result in mortality was consistent for different types of cancer (apart from breast cancer) and with other stratifications of the dataset, and was not sensitive to adjustment for potential confounders and other details of the statistical model.Conclusions Use of the urgent referral pathway could be efficacious. General practices that consistently have a low propensity to use urgent referrals could consider increasing the use of this pathway to improve the survival of their patients with cancer.
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BFBNIB, CMK, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACTMeechan, D, McMahon, JJ, Suchomel, TJ, and Comfort, P. A comparison of kinetic and kinematic variables during the pull from the knee and hang pull, across loads. J Strength Cond Res ...34(7)1819–1829, 2020—Kinetic and kinematic variables during the pull from the knee (PFK) and hang pull (HP) were compared in this study. Eighteen men (age = 29.43 ± 3.95 years; height 1.77 ± 0.08 m; body mass 84.65 ± 18.79 kg) performed the PFK and HP with 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) power clean, in a progressive manner. Peak force (PF), mean force (MF), peak system velocity (PSV), mean system velocity (MSV), peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and net impulse were calculated from force-time data during the propulsion phase. During the HP, small-to-moderate yet significantly greater MF was observed compared with the PFK, across all loads (p ≤ 0.001; Hedges g = 0.47–0.73). Hang pull PSV was moderately and significantly greater at 100–140% 1RM (p = 0.001; g = 0.64–0.94), whereas MSV was significantly greater and of a large-to-very large magnitude compared with PFK, across all loads (p < 0.001; g = 1.36–2.18). Hang pull exhibited small to moderate and significantly greater (p ≤ 0.011, g = 0.44–0.78) PP at 100–140%, with moderately and significantly greater (p ≤ 0.001, g = 0.64–0.98) MP across all loads, compared with the PFK. Hang pull resulted in a small to moderate and significantly greater net impulse between 100 and 140% 1RM (p = 0.001, g = 0.36–0.66), compared with PFK. The results of this study demonstrate that compared with the PFK, the HP may be a more beneficial exercise to enhance force-time characteristics, especially at loads of ≥1RM.
The aims of the studies within this thesis were to determine if kinetics and kinematics differences occur between weightlifting pulling derivatives across loads, and to provide greater context ...regarding biomechanical time series data across loads. Additionally, another aim was to determine the effect of inter-repetition rest during these exercises and establish how they may be more effectively implemented into training programmes. The results of study 1 showed that the countermovement shrug (CMS) elicited greater kinetics and kinematics than the midthigh pull (MTP) across all loads (40-140% one repetition maximum 1-RM power clean PC), highlighting greater acute outputs. Similarly, the results of study 2 demonstrated greater kinetic and kinematic outputs during the hang pull (HP), across all loads (40-140% 1-RM PC), compared to the pull from the knee (PFK), highlighting the benefits of utilising the stretch shortening cycle. During the CMS (Study 3) and HP (Study 4) statistical parametric mapping was used to establish where differences exist across the entire movement, in addition to peak and mean values. Results indicated greater negative velocity at heavier loads early in the unweighting phase, and greater positive velocity at lower loads during the last 13-16% of the movement. At higher loads, the braking and propulsive phases commence at an earlier percentage of the time-normalised movement, and the total absolute durations increase with load. Study 5 was performed to examine the effect of rest redistribution (RR) on kinetics, kinematics and perceptual effort during the CMS and determined that there were no differences in kinetics and kinematics compared to traditional set (TS) configurations. Lastly, Study 6 was performed to determine the effects of RR on the kinetics, kinematics and perceptual effort during HP and showed that RR protocols did not result in greater kinetics or kinematics during the HP compared to TS, however performing 6x3 (RR72) appears to be a better in maximising velocity compared to RR protocol compared to 9x2 (RR45). The findings across the six studies provide practitioners with: 1) a greater insight into the acute differences between the MTP vs. CMS and PFK vs. HP, which may aid in exercise selection; 2) a greater understanding of how load affects the time-normalised waveform during the CMS and HP, using statistical parametric mapping, and where differences lie outside peak values; 3) RR protocols did not result in greater kinetics or kinematics during the CMS compared to TS, when total rest time was equated, likely due to the limited barbell displacement not resulting in a decline in performance during the TS. Keywords: Weightlifting pulling derivatives, rest redistribution, sports performance; time normalisation
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of rest redistribution (RR) on kinetics and kinematics during the hang pull (HP). Twenty-one male athletes (age 29.5 ± 4.3 years, height 1.78 ± 0.07 ...m, body mass 75.17 ± 11.11 kg, relative one repetition maximum 1RM power clean PC 1.17 ± 0.14 kg.kg-1) performed the HP using 140% of 1RM PC with 3 traditional sets of 6 repetitions (TS), 9 sets of 2 repetitions with RR 45s rest after 2 repetitions (RR45) and 6 sets of 3 repetitions with RR 72s rest after 3 repetitions (RR72). Peak velocity (PV) was higher during RR72 (1.18 ± 0.11 m.s-1) compared to RR45 (1.14 ± 0.11 m.s-1) for the average of 18 repetitions (p = 0.025, g = 0.36). There was a main effect for set configuration with greater peak force (PF) (p < 0.001, g = 0.14) during RR72 compared to RR45, with greater PV and impulse (p < 0.001, g = 0.19-0.36) during RR72 compared to RR45. There was also greater peak velocity maintenance (PVM) (p = 0.042, g = 0.44) for RR72 compared to RR45. There were no significant or meaningful differences (p > 0.05, g = 0.00-0.59) between configurations for any other variables. Rest redistribution protocols did not result in significantly or meaningfully greater kinetics or kinematics during the HP when compared to a TS protocol; although performing RR72 resulted in higher PF, PV, and impulse, with improved PVM compared to RR45.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Meechan, D, McMahon, JJ, Suchomel, TJ, and Comfort, P. The effect of rest redistribution on kinetic and kinematic variables during the countermovement shrug. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1358-1366, ...2023-This study compared the effects of rest redistribution (RR) on kinetic and kinematic variables during the countermovement shrug (CMS). Twenty-one male subjects (age 27.2 ± 3.3. years, height 1.78 ± 0.07 m, body mass 77.2 ± 10.6 kg, relative 1 repetition maximum (1RM) power clean PC 1.22 ± 0.16 kg·kg-1) performed the CMS using 140% of 1RM PC with 3 traditional sets of 6 repetitions (TS), 9 sets of 2 repetitions with RR 45 s rest after 2 repetitions (RR45), and 6 sets of 3 repetitions with RR 72 s rest after 3 repetitions (RR72). There were no significant or meaningful differences (p > 0.05, g = 0.00-0.15) between set configurations for any variables for the average of the 18 repetitions. There were no significant (p > 0.05) or meaningful (g = 0.00-0.14) differences for configuration and configuration × set for peak (PF) and mean force (MF), peak velocity (PV), impulse, phase duration, peak velocity decline, peak velocity maintenance, and rating of perceived exertion. There was significantly greater (p = 0.034) albeit small (g = 0.15) difference for mean velocity (MV) during TS compared with RR72. There were no significant or meaningful differences (p > 0.05, g = 0.00-0.09) between sets for PF, MF, PV, MV, impulse, and duration across TS, RR45, and RR72. Rest redistribution protocols did not result in greater kinetics or kinematics during the CMS compared with TS, when total rest time was equated. Thus, shorter more frequent rest periods during the CMS may not be required to maintain force-time characteristics.
The paper focuses on findings from research that investigated teachers' and key stakeholders' perspectives on the use of Reception Baseline Assessment. Data collection was carried out in 2021-2022, ...which was the year this assessment was introduced into Reception classes in England. In total, 70 teachers and key stakeholders from 47 Local Authorities were surveyed using a mixed methods approach. The findings highlight that most participants considered that the assessment was not beneficial to them and negatively impacted children and practice during the crucial first six weeks of Reception Year. Many participants in the study called to scrap this form of assessment.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A 2-Week Wait (2WW) referral pathway for earlier diagnosis of suspected cancer was introduced in England in 2000. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients with cancer are diagnosed by other ...routes (detection rate), only a small proportion of 2WW referrals have cancer (conversion rate) and there is considerable between-practice variation.
This study examined use by practices of the 2WW referral in relation to all cancer diagnoses.
A cross-sectional analysis of data extracted from the Cancer Waiting Times Database for all 2WW referrals in 2009 and for all patients receiving a first definitive treatment in the same year.
The age standardised referral ratio, conversion rate, and detection rate were calculated for all practices in England and the correlation coefficient for each pair of measures. The median detection rate was calculated for each decile of practices ranked by conversion rate and vice versa, performing nonparametric tests for trend in each case.
Data for 8049 practices, 865 494 referrals, and 224 984 cancers were analysed. There were significant correlations between referral ratio and conversion rate (inverse) and detection rate (direct). There was also a direct correlation between conversion and detection rates. There was a significant trend in conversion rate for deciles of detection rate, and vice versa, with a marked difference between the lowest and higher deciles.
There is a consistent relationship between 2WW referral conversion rate and detection rate that can be interpreted as representing quality of clinical practice. The 2WW referral rate should not be a measure of quality of clinical care.
The effect of load on time-series data has yet to be investigated during weightlifting derivatives. This study compared the effect of load on the force-time and velocity-time curves during the ...countermovement shrug (CMS). Twenty-nine males performed the CMS at relative loads of 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, and 140% one repetition maximum (1RM) power clean (PC). A force plate measured the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), which was used to calculate the barbell-lifter system velocity. Time-series data were normalized to 100% of the movement duration and assessed via statistical parametric mapping (SPM). SPM analysis showed greater negative velocity at heavier loads early in the unweighting phase (12-38% of the movement), and greater positive velocity at lower loads during the last 16% of the movement. Relative loads of 40% 1RM PC maximised propulsion velocity, whilst 140% 1RM maximized force. At higher loads, the braking and propulsive phases commence at an earlier percentage of the time-normalized movement, and the total absolute durations increase with load. It may be more appropriate to prescribe the CMS during a maximal strength mesocycle given the ability to use supramaximal loads. Future research should assess training at different loads on the effects of performance.
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BFBNIB, FSPLJ, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Objective We investigate what role stage at diagnosis bears in international differences in ovarian cancer survival. Methods Data from population-based cancer registries in Australia, ...Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the UK were analysed for 20,073 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 2004–07. We compare the stage distribution between countries and estimate stage-specific one-year net survival and the excess hazard up to 18 months after diagnosis, using flexible parametric models on the log cumulative excess hazard scale. Results One-year survival was 69% in the UK, 72% in Denmark and 74–75% elsewhere. In Denmark, 74% of patients were diagnosed with FIGO stages III–IV disease, compared to 60–70% elsewhere. International differences in survival were evident at each stage of disease; women in the UK had lower survival than in the other four countries for patients with FIGO stages III–IV disease (61.4% vs. 65.8–74.4%). International differences were widest for older women and for those with advanced stage or with no stage data. Conclusion Differences in stage at diagnosis partly explain international variation in ovarian cancer survival, and a more adverse stage distribution contributes to comparatively low survival in Denmark. This could arise because of differences in tumour biology, staging procedures or diagnostic delay. Differences in survival also exist within each stage, as illustrated by lower survival for advanced disease in the UK, suggesting unequal access to optimal treatment. Population-based data on cancer survival by stage are vital for cancer surveillance, and global consensus is needed to make stage data in cancer registries more consistent.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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