Current dimensional taxonomies of personality disorder show a stronger empirical grounding than categories, but may lack the necessary level of detail to make accurate predictions and case ...formulations. We need to further develop the lower levels of the hierarchy until reaching the building blocks of personality pathology. The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology‐Basic Questionnaire (DAPP‐BQ) is well‐suited to this purpose due to its multilayered structure and its agreement with the official dimensional classifications. We disaggregated the 18 DAPP‐BQ mid‐level facets through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 3233 community subjects and outpatients. We obtained a set of 72 clinically relevant, narrower subfacets, which were reliable, well‐fitted to the data, and invariant between clinical and community subjects and between the sexes. This third level of ion increases by 4.7% the capacity to predict DSM categorical personality disorders, gives a particular advantage in capturing dependent, histrionic, paranoid, obsessive, and schizoid features and can provide the detailed information that clinical decisions demand.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Current dimensional taxonomies of personality disorder (PD) establish that intense
traits do not suffice to diagnose a disorder, and additional constructs reflecting dysfunction are required.
...However, traits appear able to predict maladaptation by themselves, which might avoid duplications and
simplify diagnosis. On the other hand, if trait-based diagnoses are feasible, it is the whole personality
profile that should be considered, rather than individual traits. This takes us into multidimensional spaces,
which have their own particular - but poorly understood - logic. The present study examines how
profile-level differences between normal and disordered subjects can be used for diagnosis. The Dimensional
Assessment of Personality Pathology - Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) and the Personality Inventory for
DSM-5 (PID-5) were administered to a community and a clinical sample each (total
n = 1,925 and 3,543 respectively). Intense traits proved to be common in the
general population, so empirically-based thresholds are indispensable not to take as abnormal what is at most
unideal. Profile-level parameters such as Euclidean and Mahalanobis distances outperformed individual traits
in predicting mental problems and equaled the performance of published measures of dysfunction or severity.
Personality profiles can play a more central role in identifying disorders than is currently acknowledged,
provided that adequate metrics are used.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
This study investigated the effectiveness of Solve It! instruction on students' knowledge of math problem-solving strategies. Solve It! is a cognitive strategy intervention designed to improve the ...math problem solving of middle school students with learning disabilities (LD). Participants included seventh- and eighth-grade students with LD (n = 77) and average-achieving students (n = 77). We examined treatment effects of the intervention, as well as differential effects of treatment across ability levels, on students' knowledge of problem-solving strategies using the Math Problem-Solving Assessment. Results showed that students across ability levels who received Solve It! instruction reported using significantly more strategies than students in the comparison group. Implications for instruction are discussed as well as directions for future research.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although normal personality traits change gradually with age, personality disorders have been reported to remit rapidly and completely in little more than 10 years. Such a benign prognosis is ...surprising and may be due in part to the combined use of categorical diagnoses, seriously ill patients, and longitudinal designs in the existing literature. This study examines, for the first time, the development of personality pathology across a life span by means of dimensional models, represented by the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire and the Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. We draw upon a cross-sectional design and four large clinical and community samples to avoid previous biases. We found that personality pathology declined by around 0.5 SD overall from age 20 to 60, though with noticeable differences between domains: Dissocial behavior and antagonism decreased by between two thirds and 1 SD; compulsivity increased at the same rate; disinhibition, negative affect, and psychoticism dropped by 0.5 SD; and detachment remained stable or rose slightly. In short, the changes in many clinically important traits are modest, occur at a slow pace, and roughly parallel the maturation effect found for normal personality traits. The resulting picture of personality disorder development is not as optimistic as previous studies would have us believe.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Objective. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence for the relationship between personality disorders (PDs), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and other anxiety disorders different from ...OCD (non-OCD) symptomatology. Method. The sample consisted of a group of 122 individuals divided into three groups (41 OCD; 40 non-OCD, and 41 controls) matched by sex, age, and educational level. All the individuals answered the IPDE questionnaire and were evaluated by means of the SCID-I and SCID-II interviews. Results. Patients with OCD and non-OCD present a higher presence of PD. There was an increase in cluster C diagnoses in both groups, with no statistically significant differences between them. Conclusions. Presenting anxiety disorder seems to cause a specific vulnerability for PD. Most of the PDs that were presented belonged to cluster C. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is the most common among OCD. However, it does not occur more frequently among OCD patients than among other anxious patients, which does not confirm the continuum between obsessive personality and OCD. Implications for categorical and dimensional diagnoses are discussed.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Mathematical abilities and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in mathematics. Even though 26% of children with attention deficit ...hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show a specific mathematic learning difficulty (MLD), the studies have been scarce. The present study had the following goals: 1) to study the profile related to cognitive and metacognitive skills implied in calculation and problem-solving in children with ADHD+MLD, and to compare them in children with ADHD, children with MLD, and children without problems; 2) to study the severity of the deficit in executive function (EF) in children with ADHD+MLD. Comparing the groups MLD, ADHD, ADHD+MLD, and children without problems, the results highlighted that children with ADHD+MLD showed a cognitive and metacognitive deficit in mathematic achievement. Furthermore, results showed a more severe deficit in the EF in children with ADHD+MLD.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A number of studies have shown that teachers are capable of recognising pupils with language difficulties if they have suitable guidelines or guidance.
To determine the effectiveness of an ...observation-based protocol for pre-school education teachers in the detection of phonetic-phonological, semantic and morphosyntactic difficulties.
The sample consisted of 175 children from public and state-subsidised schools in Valencia and its surrounding province, together with their teachers. The children were aged between 3 years and 6 months and 5 years and 11 months. The protocol that was used asks for information about pronunciation skills (intelligibility, articulation), conversational skills (with adults, with peers), literal understanding of sentences, grammatical precision, expression through discourse, lexical knowledge and semantics.
There was a significant correlation between the teachers' observations and the criterion scores on intelligibility, literal understanding of sentences, grammatical expression and lexical richness, but not in the observations concerning articulation and verbal reasoning, which were more difficult for the teachers to judge. In general, the observation protocol proved to be effective, it guided the teachers in their observations and it asked them suitable questions about linguistic data that were relevant to the determination of difficulties in language development. The use of this protocol can be an effective strategy for collecting information for use by speech therapists and school psychologists in the early detection of children with language development problems.
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