Despite the rapid growth in the slow tourism industry, research on slow tourists' behavior is rare. This study develops an extended model of goal-directed behavior to more comprehensively explain the ...formation of tourists' intentions to visit a slow tourism destination. Specifically, the extended model incorporates the critical constructs (i.e., perception of authenticity, knowledge, and information search behavior) into the original model of goal-directed behavior (MGB). The results of an on-site survey (N = 387) revealed that the model provides a satisfactory fit with the data and explains greater amounts of variance in behavioral intention. Three authenticity-related variables formed positive and significant causal relationships with the constructs in the extended model of goal-directed behavior. All the constructs in the original MGB were significant predictors of both desire and intention. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
•This study incorporates authenticity-related constructs into the model of goal-directed behavior.•The results implied that the extended MGB is an improvement over the MGB.•All antecedents of intention were found to be important constructs in our extended model.•This study provides an insightful understanding of the slow tourist decision-making process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This paper integrates two lines of research into a unified conceptual framework: trade in value-added and embodied emissions in trade. This allows both value-added and emissions to be systematically ...traced at the country, sector, and bilateral levels through various routes in global value chains. By combining value-added and emissions accounting in a consistent way, the potential environmental cost along global value chains can be estimated from different perspectives like production, consumption, and trade. Using this unified accounting framework, we trace value-added and CO2 emissions in global production and trade networks among 41 economies in 35 sectors from 1995 to 2009 based on the World Input–Output Database, and show how they improve our understanding of the impacts of cross-border production sharing on the environment.
•We integrate two lines of research into a unified accounting framework: trade in value-added and embodied emissions.•The distinction between forward and backward linkage is the key to measure embodied emissions at sector and bilateral levels.•We show the potential environmental cost along global value chains from perspectives of production, consumption, and trade.•The empirical results can significantly improve our understanding on the impact of cross-border production sharing on the environment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Measurement of the energy use dispersed through international trade is crucial in the age of global value chains. This study traces international energy flows, presents the stylized facts, and ...analyses the major driving factors of energy flows. The findings of this study show that 20% of global energy is transmitted through global value chains and there is large energy imbalance between economies. The gravity model illustrates that energy transfers between home and host countries increase with economic size, a shared border, a same language, and a similar legal system, and decrease with geographic distance. However, distance is becoming less significant in transmitting energy due to the increasing complexity of global value chains. Global value chains have altered how the world consumes energy directly and indirectly, thus must be taken into consideration by both environmental and trade policies aiming at encouraging sustainable development, equity, and energy conservation.
•World energy use is redistributed via international trade in the global value chains (GVCs) era.•Energy embodied in GVCs has increased rapidly in recent decades.•The net energy transfer of developed economies is positive while that of developing economies is negative.•The patterns of energy flow vary across different trading routes in GVCs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis due to nonspecific incipient symptoms and early metastasis. Also, increasing evidence indicates that a panel of ...genes is newly identified in the pathogenesis of PC. As is a regulatory subunit, elevated cyclin B1 (CCNB1) expression has been detected in different cancers including PC. This study is designed to investigate the effects of CCNB1 silencing on cell cycle, senescence, and apoptosis through the p53 signaling pathway in PC. PC tissues and normal pancreatic tissues were collected. Cells were transfected and assigned into different groups. The expressions of CCNB1, p53, MDM2, Bax, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and p21 in tissues and cells were detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. β‐Galactosidase staining, MTT assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to test cell senescence, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. PC tissues showed higher expressions of CCNB1 and MDM2 and lower expressions of Bax, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and p21. Cells transfected with shCCNB1 had lower expressions of CCNB1 and MDM2, whereas higher expressions of Bax, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, p53, and p21. The shCCNB1 group had decreased proliferation and S‐phase cell proportion and increased apoptosis, senescence, and G0/G1‐phase cell proportion. The PFT‐α group showed higher expressions of MDM2 and lower expressions of Bax, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, p53, and p21. The PFT‐α group had increased proliferation and S‐phase cell proportion and declined apoptosis, senescence, and G0/G1‐phase cell proportion. CCNB1 silencing inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell senescence via activation of the p53 signaling pathway in PC.
CCNB1 silencing inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell senescence via activation of the p53 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Indicators are incorporated to examine the tele-connected sub-regional Water-Energy-Food Nexus.•The impacts and tradeoffs between each subsystem is examined across multiple scale.•Results reveal a ...mismatch between sub-regional resource availability and final consumption.
Population and economic growth pose unique challenges in securing sufficient water, energy, and food to meet demand at the sub-national (regional), national, and supra-national level. An increasing share of this demand is met through trade and imports. The unprecedented rapid growth, extent, and complexity of global value chains (GVCs) since the 1980s have reshaped global trade. The GVCs – and new economic patterns of regionalization – affect the demands on water, energy, and food within countries and across global supply chains. East Asia is of particular interest due to the region’s rapid economic growth, substantial population size, high interdependence of the region’s economies, and varying degree of resource availability. While greater interdependence across the region has increased the efficiency of production and trade, these activities require the input of water-energy-food and generate disturbances in the environment. The transnational inter-regional input-output approach is utilized in a tele-connected Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEFN) analysis of the East Asia GVC to assess competing demands for these resources and environmental outcomes.
This analysis demonstrates the hidden virtual flows of water, energy, and food embodied in intra-regional and transnational inter-regional trade. China’s current national export oriented economic growth strategy in East Asia is not sustainable from the WEFN perspective. China is a net virtual exporter of nexus resources to Japan and South Korea. China’s prioritization of economic growth and trade in low value added and pollution intensive sectors consumes a great amount of nexus resources within its territory to satisfy consumers’ demands in Japan and South Korea. Japan’s Kanto and Kinki regions and South Korea’s Sudokwon region were the major beneficiaries while China bore the environmental burden associated with the production of exports. For example, net virtual exports from China’s East region included over 1.2billionm3 of scarce water and 61.3million metric (CO2 equivalent) tons of greenhouse gases (i.e. CO2, NH4, and N2O) and 2 million metric tons of SOx emissions.
Trade is an important mechanism for overcoming resource bottlenecks, but, taking into account environmental linkages, regional specialization is not necessarily mutually beneficial. This analysis demonstrates a mismatch between regional water-energy-food availability and final resource consumption and the lack of attention for environmental impacts in national economic growth strategies. Resource scarce countries like China must, therefore, incorporate trade-off decisions between pursuing national economic growth, incurring environmental degradation, and food security into strategic regional development policies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The diffusion of polymer chains in a crowded environment with large and small immobile, attractive nanoparticles (NPs) is studied using Langevin dynamics simulations. For orderly distributed NPs on ...the simple cubic lattice, our results show that the diffusion of polymer chains is dependent on the NP-NP distance or lattice distance
d
. At low
d
where NPs are placed closely, subdiffusion occurs at a sufficiently high polydispersity of NPs, PD. Both the apparent diffusion coefficient and subdiffusion exponent of polymer chains decrease with increasing PD, attributed to the adsorption of polymers on NP clusters formed by larger NPs. At large
d
, normal diffusion is always observed, and the diffusion coefficient increases with increasing PD. The reason is that, at high PD, the difference between single large NP adsorption and double large NP adsorption is reduced, which increases the exchange of a polymer between the two adsorption states. Finally, the impact of size polydispersity of NPs on the diffusion of polymer chains in a crowded environment with randomly distributed NPs is also investigated. The results show that the position disorder of NPs enhances the subdiffusion of the system.
Polymer chains sub-diffuse at a sufficiently high polydispersity of nanoparticles due to the adsorption on nanoparticle clusters formed by larger nanoparticles. The disorder of nanoparticles enhances the subdiffusion of polymer chains.
To study the sources and transformations of Hg in the rice plant (Oryza sativa L.), stable Hg isotope variations in different tissues (foliage, root, stem, and seed) of rice which were collected from ...the Wanshan mercury mine (WSMM, Guizhou province, SW China) were investigated by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). In comparison, Hg isotope compositions of paddy soil, lichen, and direct ambient air samples in WSMM were also analyzed. We observed that mass dependent fractionation (MDF) of Hg differed by up to ∼3.0‰ in δ202Hg values and that mass independent fractionation (MIF) of Hg isotopes affected the odd Hg isotopes to produce a ∼0.40‰ range in Δ199Hg (and Δ201Hg) values in tissues of rice plant. The 1:1 Δ199Hg/Δ201Hg ratio in tissues of rice supported the hypothesis that a fraction of Hg in tissues of rice plants has undergone a photoreduction process prior to being accumulated by rice plants. We suggest that the variation of MIF represents a mixing between soil Hg and atmospheric Hg in rice plants. The estimated fraction of atmospheric Hg (f) in tissues of rice followed the trend of f leaf > f stem > f seed > f root. Finally, we demonstrated a significant MDF of >1.0‰ in δ202Hg during the processes of absorption of atmospheric Hg by leaf tissues and of absorption of soil Hg by roots. Our study demonstrated that Hg isotopes may represent an important contribution both to the study of Hg transportation in plants and to the understanding of sources of Hg contamination to critical food crops.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The application of the new criteria for minimally thin sets with respect to the Schrödinger operator to an approximate solution of singular Schrödinger-type boundary value problems are discussed in ...this study. The method is based on approximating functions and their derivatives by using the natural and weakened total energies. This study shows that the new criteria are very effective and powerful tools in solving such problems. At the end of the paper, we are also concerned with the boundary behaviors of solutions for a kind of quasilinear Schrödinger equation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We study the equilibrium system with angular velocity for the prey. This system is a generalization of the two-species equilibrium model with Neumann type boundary condition. Firstly, we consider the ...asymptotical stability of equilibrium points to the system of ordinary differential equations type. Then, the existence of meromorphic solutions and the stability of equilibrium points to the system of weakly coupled meromorphic type are discussed. Finally, the existence of nonnegative meromorphic solutions to the system of strongly coupled meromorphic type is investigated, and the asymptotic stability of unique positive equilibrium point of the system is proved by constructing meromorphic functions.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper investigates the influence of voltage stabilizer and nanofiller addition on the insulation performance of the cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE). The test samples of XLPE/stabilizer blends ...consisting of 1 wt% m‐aminobenzoic acid, XLPE nanocomposites consisting of 0.5 wt% nano MgO and XLPE hybrid composite consisting of both voltage stabilizer and nanofillers were prepared. Various physicochemical and electrical properties were measured to analyze the performance of prepared samples. The obtained results show that the addition of nanofillers deteriorates the electrical insulation performance of the XLPE. On the other hand, the voltage stabilizer addition proves to be suitable for enhancing the electrical insulation performance of the XLPE. Meanwhile, the hybrid XLPE composites have shown medium behavior. The voltage stabilizer addition reduces, but the nanofillers increase the space charge density inside the XLPE compared to pure XLPE. It is also found that the dispersion of the voltage stabilizer in the material is uniform, whereas the nanofillers are aggregated. Furthermore, both additives slightly improve the thermal stability of the XLPE. The trap level theory based on quantum chemical calculation is proposed to explain the influence mechanism of the additives on the XLPE.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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