In foggy weather scenarios, the scattering and absorption of light by water droplets and particulate matter cause object features in images to become blurred or lost, presenting a significant ...challenge for target detection in autonomous driving vehicles. To address this issue, this study proposes a foggy weather detection method based on the YOLOv5s framework, named YOLOv5s-Fog. The model enhances the feature extraction and expression capabilities of YOLOv5s by introducing a novel target detection layer called SwinFocus. Additionally, the decoupled head is incorporated into the model, and the conventional non-maximum suppression method is replaced with Soft-NMS. The experimental results demonstrate that these improvements effectively enhance the detection performance for blurry objects and small targets in foggy weather conditions. Compared to the baseline model, YOLOv5s, YOLOv5s-Fog achieves a 5.4% increase in mAP on the RTTS dataset, reaching 73.4%. This method provides technical support for rapid and accurate target detection in adverse weather conditions, such as foggy weather, for autonomous driving vehicles.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In eukaryotes such as humans, some non-coding single-stranded RNAs (ncRNAs) help to regulate the pre- and post-transcriptional expression of certain genes, which in turn control many important ...physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, distinctions, invasion, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. microRNA-126 is an important member of these miRNAs that can be directly or indirectly involved in the control of angiogenesis. Recently, numerous studies have expounded that microRNA-126 can inhibit or promote angiogenesis as well as attenuate inflammatory responses through complex molecular mechanisms. As such, it serves as a biomarker or potential therapeutic target for the prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of relevant diseases. In this review, we present the advancements in research regarding microRNA-126’s role in the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases, aiming to provide innovative therapeutic options for the diagnosis and treatment of clinically relevant diseases.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Lung disease causes significant morbidity and mortality, and is exacerbated by environmental injury, for example through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ozone (O
). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) orchestrate ...immune responses to injury by recognizing pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns. TLR4, the prototypic receptor for LPS, also mediates inflammation after O
, triggered by endogenous hyaluronan. Regulation of TLR4 signaling is incompletely understood. TLR5, the flagellin receptor, is expressed in alveolar macrophages, and regulates immune responses to environmental injury. Using in vivo animal models of TLR4-mediated inflammations (LPS, O
, hyaluronan), we show that TLR5 impacts the in vivo response to LPS, hyaluronan and O
. We demonstrate that immune cells of human carriers of a dominant negative TLR5 allele have decreased inflammatory response to O
exposure ex vivo and LPS exposure in vitro. Using primary murine macrophages, we find that TLR5 physically associates with TLR4 and biases TLR4 signaling towards the MyD88 pathway. Our results suggest an updated paradigm for TLR4/TLR5 signaling.
Separation of cresols from coal tar is of significance in chemical industry. In this work, a high-efficiency and green hydroxyl ammonium ionic liquid ethanolamine lactate (HMEAL) was applied as an ...extractant to extract three different cresols (o-, m-, and p-cresol) from low-temperature coal tar. The ionic liquid HMEAL was synthesized with ethanolamine and lactic acid and characterized by 1H NMR, TGA and FT-IR. The extraction efficiency and distribution coefficient were determined to assess the extraction performance of the HMEAL. The results show that HMEAL displays high extraction efficiency and distribution coefficient for separating p-cresol from model oil. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been applied to explore the extraction mechanism of cresols from the model oil. The interaction energies, radial and spatial distribution function, and self-diffusion coefficient were calculated from the MD simulation results, and the extraction mechanism was further explored by FT-IR. It can be concluded that both cation and anion took effect on extraction. However, the anion displayed a more important role on extracting cresols from the model oil. Finally, the recovery and reuse of the HMEAL were explored in this work.
•The ionic liquid HMEAL was synthesized for separating cresols from coal tar.•The extraction capacity of HMEAL was evaluated by EE and D.•The molecule level interaction mechanism was explored by MD simulation.•The recovered HMEAL was reused with high extraction efficiency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Higher time resolution imaging is vital for exploring the microscopic mechanisms of the discharge process. The transient processes of discharge phenomena occur in a short time, and the onset cannot ...be predicted in advance, thus not providing a trigger mechanism for conventional high‐speed imaging methods. Here, the authors propose a high‐time‐resolution imaging method with 55‐ps time resolution and single‐photon detection sensitivity. First, the current signal generated by the discharge itself with a rising edge of only a few tens of nanoseconds combined with a high‐speed sensing and signal‐processing device is used to solve the high‐speed triggering problem, and then the single‐photon avalanche detector array operating in time‐correlated single‐photon counting mode combined with computational imaging techniques is used to obtain the evolution of the negative corona discharge at atmospheric pressure in air on the ps time scale, and finally, the time‐dependent curves of the discharge photon number at different experimental voltages with different curvature radii are analysed. The method opens up new possibilities for imaging other high‐speed dynamic processes without a fixed trigger signal.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that can elicit organ dysfunction as well as circulatory diseases in serious cases. When inflammatory responses are especially dysregulated, ...severe complications can arise, including sepsis-induced liver injury. Various microRNAs along with circular (circ) RNAs are involved in inflammatory responses; nevertheless, their functions in regulating sepsis-induced liver injury remain unknown. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure can induce liver injury as well as polymicrobial sepsis. Methods. In this study, CLP was used to induce liver injury as well as polymicrobial sepsis. Then, liver function, inflammatory cytokine expression, and hepatic histopathology were evaluated. High-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate the abnormal hepatic circRNA expression after CLP. Raw264.7 cells were utilized to simulation an in vitro sepsis inflammation model with LPS induce. The relative mRNA as well as protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was explored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We explored functional connections among circRNAs, miR-31-5p, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) using dual-luciferase reporter assays. Western blot was employed to test GSDMD, caspase-1, and NLRP3 expression in mice and cell models. Results. Our results showed that CLP-induced sepsis promoted liver injury via increasing inflammatory pyroptosis. The abnormal expression of circ-Katnal1 played an important role in CLP-induced sepsis. Downregulating circ-Katnal1 suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory pyroptosis in Raw264.7 cells. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter results confirmed that miR-31-5p and GSDMD were downstream targets of circ-Katnal1. Inhibiting miR-31-5p or upregulating GSDMD reversed the protective effects of silencing circ-Katnal1. Conclusion. Taken together, circ-Katnal1 enhanced inflammatory pyroptosis in sepsis-induced liver injury through the miR-31-5p/GSDMD axis.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, we present a simple, yet very efficient global image representation for scene recognition. A scene image is represented by a histogram of local transforms, which is an extended version ...of census transform histogram. The local transforms include local difference sign and magnitude information. Due to strong constraints between neighboring transformed values, global structure information can be captured through the histogram and spatial pyramid representation. Principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality and get a compact feature vector. Experimental results on three widely used datasets demonstrate that the proposed method could achieve competitive performance in terms of speed and accuracy.
► A global image representation was proposed for scene recognition. ► It could achieve competitive performance in terms of classification accuracy. ► It is very simple and could be computed very fast.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The optical morphology of discharge is the main characteristic parameter describing the physical process of the discharge, and the luminescence behavior is inextricably linked to the motion behavior ...of charged particles. Since the Trichel discharge in air is a weak ionization event occurring on the sub‐nanosecond time scale, micron space scale and accompanied by weak luminescence, the current experimental observation means have a low spatial and temporal resolution, which is insufficient to study the details of its luminescence properties clearly. To address this problem, the intensity of light generated by Trichel discharge in air is first measured and resolved in time and space using a constructed ultrafast optical counting and imaging system. At a very high temporal resolution of 55 ps, it is found that both its light emission and current pulse showed a trend of first rapid growth and then slow decline on the time scale of tens of nanoseconds. Later, in order to further investigate the connection between the microscopic behavior of charged particles and photons, a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic simulation model with three components (electrons, positive ions, and negative ions) is developed and the current simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show that the size of the ionization region and the interaction between particles in the discharge process are the main factors affecting the Trichel pulse and its photoemission. Electrons play a dominant role in photon generation during the rise time process, while it is the recombination process of positive and negative charges, which contributes the main photons during the fall time process. Finally, it is proposed that the expression of photon flux should be amended to include an additional term responsible for the photons generated due to recombination. The study helps to advance the understanding of the luminescence characteristics and the discharge mechanism of Trichel discharge.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The financial risk early warning model is an effective means of risk prevention. This paper’s linear partial differential equation is innovatively applied to financial institutions’ financial risk ...early warning system. At the same time, we construct a partial differential equation, linear discriminant model, based on the extreme value principle. The system can effectively avoid the problem of fractional model failure. The simulation results show that the algorithm in this paper improves the accuracy and speed of financial risk early warning and significantly reduces the two-class classification error rate of the model.
Lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response is a common problem affecting human health. Previous studies have shown that lycorine exerts a anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether ...lycorine alleviates lung injury remains unclear. To explore this issue, BALB/c mice and MLE-12 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish lung injury mouse model and cell model, respectively. Glycyrrhizic acid, known as an inhibitor of ALI, was also used to study the effects of lycorine in vitro. Our results showed that after LPS treatment, the lung injury score, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in the lung tissues and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased, whereas their levels were decreased by lycorine. Additionally, LPS injection activated the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/NF-κB pathway. However, lycorine treatment attenuated the activity of the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway in the lung tissues. In vitro studies showed that lycorine administration significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and MDA and attenuated the activity of the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway in LPS-treated cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of lycorine on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-treated lung cells were similar with that of glycyrrhizic acid, and this inhibition was intensified by both lycorine and glycyrrhizic acid treatment. We suggest that lycorine could alleviate LPS-induced lung injury of inflammation and oxidative stress by blocking the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway, which gives a new perspective for ALI therapy to treat lycorine as a potential treatment clinically.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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