Abstract
The total community genomic DNA (gDNA) from permafrost was extracted using four commercial DNA extraction kits. The gDNAs were compared using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting 16S ...rRNA genes and bacterial diversity analyses obtained via 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA (V3 region) amplified in single or nested PCR. The FastDNA® SPIN (FDS) Kit provided the highest gDNA yields and 16S rRNA gene concentrations, followed by MoBio PowerSoil® (PS) and MoBio PowerLyzer™ (PL) kits. The lowest gDNA yields and 16S rRNA gene concentrations were from the Meta-G-Nome™ (MGN) DNA Isolation Kit. Bacterial phyla identified in all DNA extracts were similar to that found in other soils and were dominated by Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,Gemmatimonadetes,Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Weighted UniFrac and statistical analyses indicated that bacterial community compositions derived from FDS, PS, and PL extracts were similar to each other. However, the bacterial community structure from the MGN extracts differed from other kits exhibiting higher proportions of easily lysed β- and γ-Proteobacteria and lower proportions of Actinobacteria and Methylocystaceae important in carbon cycling. These results indicate that gDNA yields differ between the extraction kits, but reproducible bacterial community structure analysis may be accomplished using gDNAs from the three bead-beating lysis extraction kits.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This article reviews the nature and prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suggests how it can be better recognized and treated in the mental health community. Throughout history, NSSI has ...been a core element of many types of rituals (e.g. cultural, religious, spiritual, and healing rituals) and is now also regarded as a pathological expression of emotional pain, particularly in Western cultures, where its occurrence has increased dramatically since the 1980s. NSSI involves the direct and deliberate self-infliction of bodily harm without suicidal intent. Self-injury can be viewed as a distinct mental health disorder, a defining criterion of other mental disorders, or a transient response to trauma or stress. Notwithstanding its etiology, NSSI should become a more salient aspect of psychiatric evaluation and intervention considering its frequency of occurrence and deleterious consequences, especially among young people. The current article consists of six sections that describe the terminology associated with NSSI; its general prevalence, measurement, and variability (age, race, and gender); its relationship with other psychiatric illness; and its diagnosis and treatment.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
The prognostic value of histologic response for osteosarcoma may have changed with induction chemotherapy schedules over time. We hypothesized that the increased intensity of induction ...therapy provided on INT0133 compared to the Children's Cancer Group study CCG‐782 would diminish the impact of histologic response on the risk of events after definitive surgery.
Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed for patients aged <22 with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic osteosarcoma enrolled on CCG‐782 and INT0133. Clinical factors were evaluated for association with response and outcome. Good response was defined as <5% viable tumor at resection. Associations of response, study, and postdefinitive surgery event‐free survival (EFS‐DS) were determined using Cox proportional hazard models. EFS‐DS was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methodology.
Results
Data were available for 814 patients (206 CCG‐782, 608 INT0133). For good responders, 10‐year EFS‐DS (±SE) was 75.4% ± 7.7% for CCG‐782 and 70.8% ± 3.1% for INT0133. For poor responders, 10‐year EFS‐DS was 39.9% ± 4.9% for CCG‐782 and 58.4% ± 3.1% for INT0133. Histologic response predicted outcome across studies (P < 0.0001). Significant interaction between study and histologic response was observed for EFS‐DS (P = 0.011). Using proportional hazards regression, INT0133 poor responders had less risk of events compared to CCG‐782 poor responders (relative hazard ratio (RHR) = 0.6:1), but good responders on INT0133 had a greater risk of events compared to CCG‐782 good responders (RHR = 1.53:1).
Conclusion
We observed an inverse relationship between the predictive value of tumor necrosis and intensity of induction therapy, raising questions about the true prognostic value of histologic response. This highlights the need for novel markers to develop strategies for treatment in future trials.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This manuscript presents the protocol and participatory planning process for implementing the Community Resilience Learning Collaborative and Research Network (C-LEARN) study. C-LEARN is designed to ...determine how to build a service program and individual client capacity to improve mental health-related quality of life among individuals at risk for depression, with exposure to social risk factors or concerns about environmental hazards in areas of Southern Louisiana at risk for events such as hurricanes and storms. The study uses a Community Partnered Participatory Research (CPPR) framework to incorporate community priorities into study design and implementation. The first phase of C-LEARN is assessment of community priorities, assets, and opportunities for building resilience through key informant interviews and community agency outreach. Findings from this phase will inform the implementation of a two-level (program-level and individual client level) randomized study in up to four South Louisiana communities. Within communities, health and social-community service programs will be randomized to Community Engagement and Planning (CEP) for multi-sector coalition support or Technical Assistance (TA) for individual program support to implement evidence-based and community-prioritized intervention toolkits, including an expanded version of depression collaborative care and resources (referrals, manuals) to address social risk factors such as financial or housing instability and for a community resilience approach to disaster preparedness and response. Within each arm, the study will randomize individual adult clients to one of two mobile applications that provide informational resources on services for depression, social risk factors, and disaster response or also provide psychoeducation on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to enhance coping with stress and mood. Planned data collection includes baseline, six-month and brief monthly surveys for clients, and baseline and 12-month surveys for administrators and staff.
Summary
Conditions were developed for the reproducible production, isolation and characterization of a novel microbial extracellular polysaccharide believed to be involved in transient viscous ...bulking at an industrial wastewater treatment plant. The exopolysaccharide was extracted from cell‐free culture supernatants of Thauera sp. strain MZ1T grown on a minimal medium with succinate. The purified polymer was found to be approximately 260 kDa in size by gel‐permeation chromatography. The GC–MS analysis of the alditol acetate and per‐O‐trimethylsilyl methyl glycoside derivatives revealed that the exopolysaccharide was composed of four monosaccharides including: rhamnose, galacturonic acid, N‐acetylglucosamine and N‐acetylfucosamine. Glucose, which also appeared at low levels, is most likely from a co‐eluting glucan. The FTIR and NMR spectroscopic analyses further revealed the presence of esterified component groups on the polymer. These results represent the first published description of a polysaccharide from a member of the genus Thauera, and lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of the factors potentially involved in zoogloeal cluster formation and viscous bulking.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To summarize the current literature regarding the initial hospital management of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), and to offer ...recommendations designed to decrease the time to endovascular treatment (EVT) for appropriately selected patients with stroke.
Using guidelines for evidenced-based medicine proposed by the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association, a critical review of all available medical literature supporting best initial medical management of patients with AIS secondary to ELVO was performed. The purpose was to identify processes of care that most expeditiously determine the eligibility of a patient with an acute stroke for interventions including intravenous fibrinolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) and EVT using mechanical embolectomy.
This review identifies four elements that are required to achieve timely revascularization in ELVO. (1) In addition to non-contrast CT (NCCT) brain scan, CT angiography should be performed in all patients who meet an institutional threshold for clinical stroke severity. The use of any advanced imaging beyond NCCT should not delay the administration of IV tPA in eligible patients. (2) Activation of the neurointerventional team should occur as soon as possible, based on either confirmation of large vessel occlusion or a prespecified clinical severity threshold. (3) Additional imaging techniques, particularly those intended to physiologically select patients for EVT (CT perfusion and diffusion-perfusion mismatch imaging), may provide additional value, but should not delay EVT. (4) Routine use of general anesthesia during EVT procedures, should be avoided if possible. These workflow recommendations apply to both primary and comprehensive stroke centers and should be tailored to meet the needs of individual institutions.
Patients with ELVO are at risk for severe neurologic morbidity and mortality. To achieve the best possible clinical outcomes stroke centers must optimize their triage strategies. Strategies that provide patients with ELVO with the fastest access to reperfusion depend upon detail-oriented process improvement.
A population shift of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was described within a bench-scale activated sludge process treating an industrial wastewater in a previous report (Kuo et al. in Environ Eng ...Sci 23:507-520, 2006). In this investigation, transcriptional levels (amoA mRNA-based) of the three AOB groups (i.e., RI-27, B2-3, and Nitrosomonas nitrosa) identified in the treatment process were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT-PCR) assays to circuitously evaluate AOB ammonia-oxidizing activity and to assess the presumed correlation between cellular activity and the dominant (greatest number) AOB population. Results demonstrated that the AOB group with higher amoA mRNA levels dominated the overall AOB population in the wastewater treatment process. Although AOB population dominance did not correlate well with transcripts at a normalized cellular level (amoA mRNA/DNA ratio), overall amoA mRNA levels did reflect the activity of distinct AOB groups under different N-loading conditions. Thus, an additional molecular parameter (amoA mRNA) was successfully utilized to assess timely shifts in AOB population structure that may impact nitrification treatment performance.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Microscopic observations at an industrial wastewater treatment facility were conducted over a period of approximately 4 years to determine the relationship between the abundance of zoogleal clusters ...and sludge dewatering potential. Dewatering potential, measured as centrifuged solids content, was determined in sludge samples from an aeration basin. The abundance of zoogleal clusters and centrifuged solids content were negatively correlated, as determined by linear regression ($r^{2}$= 0.62). Curve-fitting using an exponentially weighted moving average and a polynomial equation yielded$r^{2}$= 0.82. Probing with small ribosomal subunit RNA (16S rRNA) oligonucleotide probes (ZRA and ZBE) indicated that the microorganisms forming these zoogleal clusters were not the same as previously classified Zoogloea ramigera strains (members of the beta subclass of Proteobacteria) isolated from other wastewater treatment systems. The microorganisms responsible for zoogleal cluster formation were identified using micromanipulator separation, cultivation, and 16S rRNA analysis. Distance matrix tree analysis of isolated strains revealed the presence of two types of microorganisms, referred to as mzt and mzl strains. The mzt isolates grouped most closely with members of the genus Thauera, whereas the mzl isolates grouped more closely with members of the genus Hydrogenophaga. Using 16S rRNA methods, a probe complementary to members of the genus Thauera (MZ1; S-G-Thau-0646-a-A-19) was designed to target mzt strains. Whole-cell hybridization with a fluorescein-labeled probe, coupled with epifluorescence microscopy, was used to verify the identity of the zoogleal cluster-forming organisms. Results indicated that the MZ1 probe hybridized specifically with zoogleal clusters present in sludge.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Bis(1-substituted-borabenzene)iron complexes Ashe, Arthur J; Meyers, Elizabeth; Shu, Paul ...
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
11/1975, Volume:
97, Issue:
23
Journal Article
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