The exploring of economical, high‐efficiency, and stable bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) is highly imperative for the development of ...electrolytic water. Herein, a 3D cross‐linked carbon nanotube supported oxygen vacancy (Vo)‐rich N‐NiMoO4/Ni heterostructure bifunctional water splitting catalyst (N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs) is synthesized by hydrothermal‐H2 calcination method. Physical characterization confirms that Vo‐rich N‐NiMoO4/Ni nanoparticles with an average size of ≈19 nm are secondary aggregated on CNTs that form a hierarchical porous structure. The formation of Ni and NiMoO4 heterojunctions modify the electronic structure of N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs. Benefiting from these properties, N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs drives an impressive HER overpotential of only 46 mV and OER overpotential of 330 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which also shows exceptional cycling stability, respectively. Furthermore, the as‐assembled N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs||N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs electrolyzer reaches a cell voltage of 1.64 V at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline solution. Operando Raman analysis reveals that surface reconstruction is essential for the improved catalytic activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrate that the enhanced HER/OER performance should be attributed to the synergistic effect of Vo and heteostructure that improve the conductivity of N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs and facilitatethe desorption of reaction intermediates.
By a simple hydrothermal‐H2 calcination method, the secondary aggregated metal nanoparticles with heterojunctions and abundant oxygen vacancies are loaded on carbon nanotubes (N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs). Operando Raman results reveal that Ni2+‐OH* and C‐H* as the active sites of HER process, γ‐NiOOH serves as the active intermediates of OER process for N‐NiMoO4/Ni/CNTs.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A network meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the short‐term efficacy and adverse events of different drugs for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), providing a more effective ...treatment for PMO. We initially searched through various databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception till October 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of drugs for the treatment of PMO were included for direct and indirect comparison. A combination of direct and indirect evidence of different inhibitors of anti‐diabetic drugs for treatment of PMO were considered for calculating the weighted mean difference (WMD) value or odd ratio (OR) value and to draw surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves. Twenty‐seven RCTs were ultimately incorporated into this network meta‐analysis comprising of 48 200 patients suffering from PMO. The network meta‐analysis revealed that compared with placebo, alendronate had better efficacy on improving bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Risedronate and raloxifene had relatively lower incidence of new vertebral fractures. The SUCRA analysis showed that alendronate had better efficacy on improving BMD, risedronate could significantly decrease the incidence of fresh fracture and bazedoxifene was relatively safe. The available evidence suggested that alendronate and risedronate might be the superior choices for the treatment of PMO, while bazedoxifene was a comparatively safer option for patients.
The available evidence suggested that alendronate and risedronate might be the superior choices for the treatment of PMO, while bazedoxifene was a comparatively safer option for patients.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This article examines “core socialist values” as a part of the China Dream discourse, in the context of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s search for alternative sources of legitimacy. Using the ...“visualising our values” poster collection and the “China Dream Child” campaign as case studies, this article argues that such narratives form a crucial part of the CCP’s continuing legitimisation strategy, where the party emphasises its role in providing moral authority and guidance for the general public. In order to lay such claims, the narratives focus on romanticising and homogenising both the imperial and the socialist past, while projecting a strong sense of optimism for the future, based on similar hopes of continuity and homogeneity.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is known for its ...antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol in a rat model with COPD on the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation via the activation of Sirtuin1 (SIRTl) and proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, COPD group and resveratrol intervention group. The COPD model was established by instilling with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and challenging with cigarette smoke (CS). The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in serum were measured. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The expression levels of SIRT1 and PGC-1α in the lung tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry as well as real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) and western blotting analysis. After the treatment with resveratrol (50 mg/kg), compared with the COPD group, alleviation of inflammation and reconstruction in the small airways of the lungs were seen. Resveratrol might be correlated not only with the lower level of MDA and the higher activity of SOD, but also with the upregulation of SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression. Resveratrol treatment decreased serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8. Our findings indicate that resveratrol had a therapeutic effect in our rat COPD model, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The mechanism may be related to the activation and upgrading of the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways. Thus resveratrol might be a therapeutic modality in COPD.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Linear ubiquitination is a critical regulator of inflammatory signaling pathways. However, linearly ubiquitinated substrates and the biological significance of linear ubiquitination is incompletely ...understood. Here, we show that STAT1 has linear ubiquitination at Lys511 and Lys652 residues in intact cells, which inhibits STAT1 binding to the type-I interferon receptor IFNAR2, thereby restricting STAT1 activation and resulting in type-I interferon signaling homeostasis. Linear ubiquitination of STAT1 is removed rapidly by OTULIN upon type-I interferon stimulation, which facilitates activation of interferon-STAT1 signaling. Furthermore, viruses induce HOIP expression through the NF-κB pathway, which in turn increases linear ubiquitination of STAT1 and thereby inhibits interferon antiviral response. Consequently, HOIL-1L heterozygous mice have active STAT1 signaling and enhanced responses to type-I interferons. These findings demonstrate a linear ubiquitination-mediated switch between homeostasis and activation of type-I interferon signaling, and suggest potential strategies for clinical antiviral therapy.
We have developed a new ratiometric fluorescent probe composed of a coumarin-merocyanine dyad based on the FRET mechanism. The probe showed clear dual-emission signal changes in blue and red spectral ...windows upon addition of H2S in a dose dependent manner under a single wavelength excitation. The probe targeted mitochondria with high selectivity and sensitivity toward H2S.
WRKY transcription factors play a central role in controlling leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. One important member, WRKY53, is tightly regulated by various mechanisms, and is a convergence node ...between senescence and pathogen responses. Using WRKY53 in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we isolated the HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase UPL5. In contrast to mammals, Arabidopsis contains only seven HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases, whose targets and functions are largely unknown. In yeast cells, UPL5 interacts with WRKY53 via its leucine zipper domain, and this interaction was confirmed in the cytoplasm of plant cells by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. UPL5 was able to use the WRKY53 protein as a substrate for polyubiquitination in an in vitro system, and induction of UPL5 expression by an ethanol-inducible system in upl5 plants led to degradation of the WRKY53 protein. Expression of both genes is regulated antagonistically in response to hydrogen peroxide, jasmonic acid and plant development. Two T-DNA insertion lines (upl5-1 and upl5-2) showed the same senescence phenotype as WRKY53 over-expressers. Over-expression of WRKY53 in the upl5 background enhanced the accelerated senescence phenotype of WRKY53 over-expressers. Therefore, we conclude that UPL5 regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis through degradation of WRKY53 and ensures that senescence is executed in the correct time frame.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Acute infection, if not kept in check, can lead to systemic inflammatory responses in the brain. Here, we show that within 2 hr of systemic inflammation, PDGFRβ mural cells of blood vessels rapidly ...secrete chemokine CCL2, which in turn increases total neuronal excitability by promoting excitatory synaptic transmission in glutamatergic neurons of multiple brain regions. By single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified Col1a1 and Rgs5 subgroups of PDGFRβ cells as the main source of CCL2. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or Poly(I:C)-treated pericyte culture medium induced similar effects in a CCL2-dependent manner. Importantly, in Pdgfrb-Cre;Ccl2fl/fl mice, LPS-induced increase in excitatory synaptic transmission was significantly attenuated. These results demonstrate in vivo that PDGFRβ cells function as initial sensors of external insults by secreting CCL2, which relays the signal to the central nervous system. Through their gateway position in the brain, PDGFRβ cells are ideally positioned to respond rapidly to environmental changes and to coordinate responses.
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•PDGFRβ cells function as initial sensors of systemic inflammation in the brain•PDGFRβ cells relay the infection signal to neurons by secreting chemokine CCL2•Col1a1 and Rgs5 subgroups of PDGFRβ cells are sources of Ccl2 during early infection•PDGFRβ-specific Ccl2 knockout blocked LPS-induced increase in synaptic transmission
Yu and colleagues identified Rgs5 and Col1a1 subgroups of PDGFRβ cells as early responders to neuroinflammation. These cells rapidly synthesize and release the chemokine CCL2, which in term elevates neuronal excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission in multiple neuronal types.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling is well-studied but not during leaf senescence. We found that the senescence-specific WRKY53 transcription factor interacts with ...the JA-inducible protein EPITHIOSPECIFYING SENESCENCE REGULATOR (ESR/ESP). The expression of these genes is antagonistically regulated in response to JA and SA, respectively, and each negatively influences the other. Leaf senescence is accelerated in ESR knockout plants (ESR-KO) but retarded in ESR overexpressors (ESR-OE), with the reverse true for WRKY53. ESR-OE showed higher resistance than ESR-KO to bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, pathogen resistance was not altered in WRKY53 overexpressors or knockouts (W53-KO), suggesting that ESR has a greater impact on WRKY53 function in senescence than WRKY53 on ESR function in pathogen resistance. ESR inhibits WRKY53 DNA binding in vitro, and their interaction is localized to the nucleus in vivo; however, ESR is exclusively in the cytoplasm in W53-KO cells, indicating that ESR is brought to the nucleus by the interaction. Therefore, ESR has dual functions: as cytoplasmic epithiospecifier and as negative regulator of WRKY53 in the nucleus. These results suggest that WRKY53 and ESR mediate negative crosstalk between pathogen resistance and senescence, which is most likely governed by the JA and SA equilibrium.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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