Demographic transition processes in Ukraine following the country gaining independence correspond neither to the demographic transition model nor the second demographic transition model. Unsuccessful ...political, social and economic reforms at the time in Ukraine and pressure exerted by Russia are deemed to be the cause of the situation. This means that demographic transition in Ukraine (both in terms of mortality and births) is far more detrimental than the premises of both models.
The aim of the study is to analyse the conditions for the development of Polish poviats (equivalent to level 1 local administrative units) located on the Polish-Russian border. The introduction to ...the article presents general determinants of the development of border areas i n post-communist countries. The next section provides the main analysis. SWOT analysis was used because it enabled holistic analysis of all potential factors of development of the region. It was found that the internal factors of the development of the region (e.g. financial resources, level of development of transport infrastructure, human resources) are weak, except for ecological factors related to the beauty of a post-glacial landscape. Exogenous factors of development are mainly associated with receiving EU funds (a positive factor), the peripheral location in the European Union and high instability of the functioning of the Polish-Russian border (negative factors). The high instability of the Polish-Russian border's functioning related to the huge influence of political relations between NATO and the EU on the one hand and Russia on the other hand prevents local governments from drawing up long-term development strategies based on the functioning of this border.
The aim of the article is to find patterns in the gender gap in life expectancy at birth in European post-communist countries. The analysis covers the years 1990–2018. Larger differences occur in the ...countries of the former USSR, smaller ones on the Balkan Peninsula. Belonging to the USSR (larger gap) and the Ottoman Empire (smaller gap) in the past has a great influence of the gender gap. In half of the analysed countries, the gender gap decreased. In a quarter, after an initial increase, there was also a decrease in the gender gap (some countries of the former USSR). Moreover, in a quarter of the countries, these changes were ambiguous (some countries on the Balkan Peninsula). One can see here the impact of an improving economic situation of the population. An attempt to link the gender gap and life expectancy with the ’homo-sovieticus’ requires further research.
The article aims to characterise the impact of socio-economic geography and spatial management on the environment in 2017–2021. So far, this issue has not been the subject of research concerning the ...entities constituting this science discipline administratively separated in 2018. The analysis is based on a systematised set of detailed information regarding practical activities that have been created to evaluate the quality of the scientific activity. The method of secondary qualitative analysis, including a comparative truth table, was used. The results confirmed the important role of the discipline in promoting the social and economic environment, particularly regarding the programming of interventions about elements of territorial capital and enhancing the praxeological quality of territorially oriented policies. The dominance of the cultural, diagnostic and decision-making functions corresponded to the main advantages of applied economic geography and spatial management – the territorial sensitivity and the ability to integrate knowledge and coordinate the processes of its creation and flows. At the application level, the entities demonstrated a very wide scope and high intensity of cooperation with other disciplines, which also seems to predict well for integrating the new discipline.
Will small countries deindustrialize when opening up to trade with large countries? Donald Davis (1998) shows that for the home market effect to lead to deindustrialization of small countries, trade ...costs for homogeneous goods must be sufficiently smaller than trade costs in differentiated goods, a condition which is not supported by empirical evidence. We show that if differentiated goods production uses tradable inputs small countries can become deindustrialized when trading with a sufficiently large country and if trade costs are low.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
raine is one of the last post-communist countries where implementation of administrative reforms has started in practice. The aim of the study is to analyze the local-level results of the main stage ...of the administrative reform in Ukraine which was carried out in 2014–2020. The analysis concerns Ukrainian local government units equivalent to LAU 1 and LAU 2. When collecting data, the so-called triangulation of sources was applied. The SWOT method was used in the analysis, and Neshkova and Konstadinova’s publication (2012) constitutes the reference point. The decentralization of power and finance has led to the creation of amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs), better able to deliver public services. Thus, in this respect, the effects of the administrative reform in Ukraine so far have been similar to those diagnosed by Neshkova and Konstadinova (2012) in other post-communist countries. Admittedly, corruption in Ukraine has decreased, but only slightly. Therefore, Neshkova and Konstadinova’s (2012) assumption about the positive impact of administrative reforms on reducing corruption in post-communist countries was not confirmed in Ukraine. Referring to the detailed results of the SWOT analysis, the greatest strengths of this reform included the partial success of financial decentralization and the establishment of the State Regional Development Fund (SRDF) to support the development of local governments. The quality of public services has also improved. However, there were also weaknesses in the form of still too small funds received by the new ATCs and irregularities in the functioning of the SRDF. International support for this reform and the intensification of the activities of non-governmental organizations were considered to be the greatest opportunities. The still existing strongest threat of an endogenous nature is (despite its decline) the level of corruption, and the exogenous one is a threat from Russia. In addition, the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic can be seen at the end of the implementation of the reform.
While people of many nationalities live in Ukraine, Ukrainians and Russians constitute the majority of its population. Territorially, the Ukrainian language is spread unevenly, which results in ...pronounced bilingualism and language bipolarity. The influence of the Soviet policy of the Russian language dominance is still present in Ukraine. Ukrainian prevails in the sphere of public administration and education. Russian dominates in most mass media. Under such circumstances it is important to maintain conditions for the preservation of the language identity of other ethnic minorities, which would promote the development of linguistic diversity in Ukraine.
We conjecture that banks present in two regions charge the appropriate risk premiums for trade-related projects between these markets, whereas higher rates are charged for projects involving ...shipments to markets where they are absent. These differences affect regional trade flows. US interstate banking deregulation serves as a natural experiment to test our model's implication with the Commodity Flow Survey data. Difference-in-differences estimates suggest that the trade share of state-pairs that allowed pairwise interstate entry increased by 14% over 10 years relative to non-integrated state-pairs. Instrumental variables estimates suggest that an actual increase in bank integration from zero to 2.28% (the mean) increases trade 17% to 25%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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