The right to education, as one of the rights inherent to all human beings, necessarily implies an educational process that takes place in an institution that does not tolerate discrimination or hate ...speech. During the previous decades, both at the European and global level, relevant standards have been established in order to obtain an educational system that adequately opposes the phenomenon of discrimination, while nurturing a climate and culture conducive to the full development of students' personal potential. Having in mind the importance of preventing discrimination and hate speech in educational context, the authors have conducted a study aimed at the comparative analysis of the international and Serbian anti-discriminatory regulatory framework in the educational settings. Normative-dogmatic and comparative methods have been applied, with the focus on the systematic interpretation of the meaning and content of the studied norms. The key results of the research indicate that the domestic national framework corresponds with the relevant international standards. However, national regulations, contrary to internationally accepted paradigms, do not pay adequate attention to the intercultural elements of the educational process, because they are focused on prohibitions and post festum interventions on discrimination and hate speech.
Different types of communication enable an intensive exchange of diverse ideas and content, thereby enabling the development and enrichment of human thought. On the other hand, modern forms of ...communication additionally increase the risk of violation and endangerment of human rights and freedoms by those who use hate speech. Hence, many international documents are dedicated to defining and preventing hate speech, while various international institutions, including the European Court of Human Rights, try to determine the criteria under which certain restrictions on freedom of speech could be acceptable. Bearing in mind the above, the author has analyzed the cases from the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in order to distinguish the standards which could be applicable in the process of assessment if certain expressions constitute hate speech that should be sanctioned, and also to establish to what extent such standards are applicable in different situations. The author concludes that the formulated standards do have a certain utility value, but that there is still a risk of extensive restriction of freedom of speech.
Modern technology has provided us with unlimited possibilities for audio and visual recording, which can, unfortunately, also be used for the violation of human rights and freedoms. With the ...agreement of involved parties, the use of the recording is likely to be uncontroversial. However, complex issues arise when the recording is covert, and when the recording party wants to rely upon the recording, or the transcript of it, to prove an illegal act in court proceedings. The question arises as to how to strike a balance between the need to protect security and investigate the truth and the need to protect the right to privacy and the personal sphere. Particularly interesting legal issues are those that concern the justification and the permissibility of the use of illegal or covert recordings in the capacity of evidence in criminal proceedings. Bearing in mind the above, the paper is devoted to the analysis of legislation concerning protection of privacy and the legislation on the subject of illegal evidence in criminal proceedings. This issue is especially interesting due to the fact that Serbian criminal law accepts the theory of "the fruits of the poisonous tree", which means that the criteria for the evaluation of the validity of the evidence are particularly strict. In that context, the normative, axiological and comparative law method has been used to analyse the subject matter. The author has also referred to the comparative law and to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The aim of the paper is to point out to the certain ambiguities in Serbian positive law, in order to develop appropriate recommendations for the practical use and for the improvement of normative solutions.
Interest for the phenomenom of stalking has been on the rise over recent years, especially because it can sometimes be turned into serious crimes. This is why an increasing number of countries are ...opting for the introduction of new incriminations that will include stalking. However, the incrimination of persecution opens the problem of distinguishing this criminal offense from other related criminal offenses, and the question arises as to how the offense should be defined so that there is no excessive limitation of other rights and freedoms of citizens. Therefore, the paper is focused on general considerations concerning stalking and on the analysis of comparative solutions. Given that in Serbia stalking has been incriminated only recently, the aim of the paper is to point out to some of the problems that can be expected in practice, and to extricate some possible solutions.
Background
Babesia canis infection induces a marked acute phase response (APR) that might be associated with alteration in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and disease prognosis.
Hypothesis
Dogs with ...B. canis‐induced APR develop dyslipidemia with altered lipoprotein concentration and morphology.
Animals
Twenty‐nine client‐owned dogs with acute B. canis infection and 10 clinically healthy control dogs.
Methods
Observational cross‐sectional study. Serum amyloid A (SAA) was measured using ELISA. Cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides were determined biochemically. Lipoproteins were separated using agarose gel electrophoresis. Lipoprotein diameter was assessed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis; correlation with ApoA‐1 (radioimmunoassay) and SAA was determined.
Results
Dogs with B. canis infection had a marked APR (median SAA, 168.3 μg/mL; range, 98.1‐716.2 μg/mL) compared with controls (3.2 μg/mL, 2.0‐4.2 μg/mL) (P < .001). Dogs with B. canis infection had significantly lower median cholesterol (4.79 mmol/L, 1.89‐7.64 mmol/L versus 6.15 mmol/L, 4.2‐7.4 mmol/L) (P = .02), phospholipid (4.64 mmol/L, 2.6‐6.6 mmol/L versus 5.72 mmol/L, 4.68‐7.0 mmol/L) (P = .02), and α‐lipoproteins (77.5%, 27.7%‐93.5% versus 89.2%, 75.1%‐93.5%) (P = .04), and higher ApoA‐1 (1.36 U, 0.8‐2.56 U versus 0.95 U, 0.73‐1.54 U) concentrations (P = .02). Serum amyloid A correlated with high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) diameter (rho = .43; P = .03) and ApoA‐1 (rho = .63, P < .001).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Major changes associated with B. canis‐induced APR in dogs are related to concentration, composition, and morphology of HDL particles pointing to an altered reverse cholesterol transport. Parallel ApoA‐1 and SAA concentration increase is a unique still unexplained pathophysiological finding.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The validity of a will is conditioned by the existence of the testamentary capacity at the time of its creation, existence of certain qualities regarding the testator's will, as well as the the ...requirement that the will of the testator must be expressed in the form and under the conditions provided by law. The aticle primarily focuses on certain substantive legal assumptions of the validity of will, as well as on formal legal assumptions of its validity, specifically, on the testamentary capacity and forms of will, and the prescribed form requirements regarding existing forms of will, i.e. the conditions under which they can be made. By analyzing the current statutory provisions that are dedicated to the mentioned issues, from the point of view of the ruling doctrinal positions, as well as legal solutions accepted in other countries, certain deficiencies are identified in their legislation as well as in the application of these solutions in legal practice. In the paper, the authors propose the necessary changes and supplements in order to obtain a higher quality, as well as a more comprehensive way of regulating the analyzed institutes in the domain of the testamentary inheritance.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Advocating for the widest possible diversionary response to juvenile delinquency is a general trend and a key tendency of modern juvenile criminal law. Scientific research and the focus on the best ...interests of the child strongly support the aforementioned facts. However, there is arisen a question concerning the fact how the general and abstract support for diversion and suspension of criminal proceedings, and transferring the juvenile offenders to the social welfare system, is reflected in everyday practice. Therefore, the paper starts with some introductory considerations about the concept and positive aspects of the diversion model, followed by the review of certain criticisms addressed to it. We devote the central part of the paper to the analysis of data related to Serbia and the social welfare service in Belgrade, in order to test the hypothesis of insufficiency of support for the diversion model in practice. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize recommendations for improving the practice of dealing with juvenile offenders in the juvenile justice system. We used an analytical-synthetic approach with the use of content analysis, normative, comparative and descriptive-statistical method.
Digital inhertiance Vidić, Jelena; Kovačević, Milica
Zbornik radova (Pravni fakultet u Novom Sadu),
2022, Volume:
56, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Nowadays, the life of an individual can hardly be imagined without using the attainment of the IT system. Its vertiginous development and people's familiarity with it has led to the fact that ...personal data are becoming an important, if not the most important, resource today. So much so, that they are also called "the oil of new era". This is coming from the fact that companies now charge users for their mostly free services by asking them for more and more different data in return. Contrary to that, most of the users do not think about what will happen to their personal data after their death or are not aware of all the ways they can dispose of their digital assets mortis causa. The authors consider the question of heritability of digital goods, and especially the possibility of disposing of them in the event of the death of the testator. Analyzing the current domestic regulations, as well as the direction of development of digital inheritance in other European countries, at the same time the authors are trying to find an answer to the question how to understood the term of digital inheritance within the framework of our country
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Criminal prosecution for the abduction of a minor should additionally protect the child's right to live with his parents, or other authorized caregivers, and also to maintain contact with parents or ...other relatives and close people. The paper is designed to explain the reasons justifying the existence of this incrimination. Some general considerations are given in the introductory part, with a review of the relevant international documents. The central part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of positive law in the Republic of Serbia, with particular emphasis on the mutual relationship between the criminal offense of abduction of the minor and the criminal offense of kidnapping, and to the analysis of controversial issues that arise in the judicial practice. The aim of the paper is to point out the real possibilities of criminal law protection in this sphere, as well as to emphasize the need to respect the letter of the law without loose and extensive interpretation in the judicial practice.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were more often males.•NEUT, LYM, MON, iron and total bilirubin were lower in SIRS than in SIRS-free dogs.•B. canis load in ...the peripheral blood was comparable in SIRS and SIRS- free dogs.•Seronegativity against B. canis was higher in SIRS than in SIRS-free dogs.•WBC < 6 × 109/L and MON < 0.2 × 109/L can be used as independent predictors of SIRS.
The common signs of canine babesiosis caused by an infection with Babesia canis are fever, anorexia, lethargy, pulse alterations, anemia, and occasionally mild icterus. Dogs with these clinical signs can be divided into two groups: those with acute-phase reaction and those with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Factors associated with the occurrence of SIRS in canine babesiosis have not been thoroughly researched. This article outlines a cross-sectional study of 54 client-owned dogs with an acute B. canis infection, and evaluates the differences in age, gender, laboratory findings, parasite load, and seroreactivity against B. canis between the SIRS and the SIRS-free dogs. We have analyzed a complete blood count, serum biochemistry, serum amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, paraoxonase-1, serology, and PCR testing using standard methodologies. The frequency of SIRS among the investigated dogs reached 0.59. Male dogs and those seronegative against B. canis, were more frequent in the SIRS group, whilst age and parasite load could not be associated with the presence of SIRS. Dogs with SIRS had a lower count of total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and a lower concentration of iron and bilirubin compared with SIRS-free dogs. No significant differences in the concentration of acute-phase proteins have been noticed to exist between the groups of dogs. Further, the seronegative dogs had a lower count of lymphocytes and monocytes and a higher parasite load than the seroreactive dogs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis has identified leukopenia (<6 × 109/L) and monocytopenia (<0.2 × 109/L) as independent associates of SIRS in the investigated dogs, thus implying that these routine tests could be used as reliable markers for SIRS.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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