The term inflammaging is now widely used to designate the inflammatory process of natural aging. During this process, cytokine balance is altered, presumably due to the loss of homeostasis, thus ...contributing to a greater predisposition to disease and exacerbation of chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between pro-inflammatory markers and age in the natural aging process of healthy individuals. One hundred and ten subjects were divided into 5 groups according to age (22 subjects/group). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were quantified using the ELISA method. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was analyzed by turbidimetry according to laboratory procedures. The main findings of this study were: a positive correlation between hsCRP and IL-6 as a function of age (110 subjects); women showed stronger correlations; the 51-60 age group had the highest values for hsCRP and IL-6; women presented higher values for hsCRP in the 51-60 age group and higher values for IL-6 in the 61-70 age group; and men showed higher values in the 51-60 age group for hsCRP and IL-6. In conclusion, the natural aging process increased IL-6 and hsCRP levels, which is consistent with the inflammaging theory; however, women presented stronger correlations compared to men (IL-6 and hsCRP) and the 51-60 age range seems to be a key point for these increases. These findings are important because they indicate that early preventive measures may minimize the increase in these inflammatory markers in natural human aging.
Background: The measure of the maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) has some contraindications, as it is believed that the responses obtained in this measure are similar to the Valsalva maneuver (VM). ...Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the heart rate responses (HR) during the MEP and the VM measures in healthy young men into different postures aiming to identify whether and in which situation the MEP reproduces the responses obtained in the VM. Additionaiiy we aim to estimate the workioad reaiized during the maneuvers. Method: Tweive heaithy young men were evaiuated, instructed and famiiiarized with the maneuvers. The VM was characterized by an expiratory effort (40 mmHg) against a manometer for 15 seconds. The MEP measure has been performed according to the American Thoracic Society. Both measures were performed at sitting and supine positions. ANOVA two-way with Holm-Sidak post-hoc test (p<0.05) was used to analyse the heart rate variation ( Delta HR); Valsalva index (VI); MEP index (MEPI), and the estimated workload of the maneuvers (W sub(total), W sub(isotime), W sub(total)/ Delta HR sub(total) and W sub(isotime)/ Delta HR sub(isotime)). Results: The Delta HR during the maneuvers was not influenced by the supine and sitting positions. However, the Delta HR during the VM and VI were higher (supine: 47 plus or minus x9 bpm, 2.3 plus or minus 0.2; sitting: 41 plus or minus 10 bpm, 2.0 plus or minus 0.2, respectively) than Delta HR during the MEP and MEPI values (supine: 23 plus or minus 8 bpm, 1.5 plus or minus 0.2; sitting 24 plus or minus 8 bpm, 1.6 plus or minus 0.3, respectively) (p<0.001). The estimated workload of the maneuvers was statistically different (p<0.001) between the maneuvers, except to W sub(total)/ Delta HR. Conclusions: In the studied conditions the MEP does not reproduces the HR response observed in the VM in healthy young men.Original Abstract: Contextualizagao: A medida de pressao expiratoria maxima (PEmax) possui algumas contraindicacoes, pois acredita-se que as respostas obtidas nessa medida sao similares as respostas encontradas na manobra de Valsalva (MV). Objetivos: O objetivo principal e avaliar a resposta da frequencia cardiaca (FC) durante a medida da PEmax e da MV em jovens saudaveis, em diferentes posturas, para identificar se e em qual condicao a PEmax reproduz as respostas obtidas na MV e, adicionalmente, estimar o trabalho realizado nas manobras. Metodo: Doze jovens saudaveis foram avaliados, orientados e familiarizados com as manobras. A MV foi composta por um esforgo expiratorio (40 mmHg) durante 15 segundos contra um manometro. A PEmax foi executada segundo a American Thoracic Society. Ambas as medidas foram reallzadas nas posturas supino e sentado. Para a analise da variacao da frequencia cardiaca (AFC), indice de Valsalva (IV), indice da PEmax (IPEmax) e o trabalho estimado das manobras (W sub(total), W sub(isotime), W sub(total)/ Delta FC sub(total) e W sub(isotime)/ Delta FC sub(isotime)), utilizou-se ANOVA two-way com post-hoc de Holm-Sidak (p<0,05). Resultados: A Delta FC durante as manobras nao foi influenclada pelas posturas; entretanto, durante a MV, a AFC e os valores do IV foram maiores (supino: 47 plus or minus 9 bpm, 2,3 plus or minus 0,2; sentado: 41 plus or minus 10 bpm, 2,0 plus or minus 0,2, respectivamente) do que a Delta FC e os valores de IPEmax observados durante a PEmax (supino: 23 plus or minus 8 bpm, 1,5 plus or minus 0,2; sentado 24 plus or minus 8 bpm, 1,6 plus or minus 0,3, respectivamente) (p<0,001). Os trabalhos estimados das manobras foram estatisticamente diferentes (p<0,001) entre elas, exceto para o W sub(total)/ Delta FC. Conclusoes: Nas condig oes estudadas, a PEmax nao reproduz as respostas da FC observadas durante a MV em jovens saudaveis.
In bananas, the major carotenoids are α- and β-carotene, which give this fruit great potential in biofortification programs. The carotenoid content in pulp and peel of 22 banana and plantain ...genotypes was determined in order to evaluate the impact of ripening on the carotenoid content as well as its retention after different thermal processes. Fruits were ripened at stage 2 (green), 5 (yellow) and 7 (yellow with dark spots). The provitamin A content (pVACs) varied from 20.8 (‘Muisa Tia’ stg 7) to 6341.5 μg/100 g f.w. (‘Samurá B’ stg 5). High quantities were identified in plantains, which have yellow pulp, a phenotypic characteristic that can indicate the quantity of pVACs in Musa spp. fruit. The ‘Samurá B’ plantain showed the highest pVACs (6341.5 μg/100 g f.w.) and trans-β-carotene (5220.0 μg/100 g f.w.) content in pulp, especially when compared to the ‘D'Angola’ plantain (pVACs: 3214.0 μg/100 g f.w.), the most common in Brazil, and with the dessert cultivar from the Cavendish subgroup (‘Grand Naine’ – pVACs: 230.6 μg/100 g f.w.), the most consumed worldwide. The highest pVACs quantity was verified in the ripe fruit (stg 5), decreasing during the fruit ripening (stg 7). In the peels, lutein was the majority compost, with contents higher than the pulp. The highest lutein content was identified in the green fruit peels from the ‘Terra Anã Branca’ cultivar (1602.1 μg/100 g d.w.), almost ten times higher than the content found in the pulp of the same cultivar. However, the pulp of all the cultivars showed superior values of pVACs, trans-β-carotene and trans-α-carotene, mainly in the ripe stage 5. The plantain ‘Samurá B’ has nutritional and/or functional properties, and its promotion/incorporation in existing agricultural systems is of interest for use in biofortification programs. In addition, thermal processing can improve bioactive compounds release and increase the functional and nutritional value of the Musa spp. fruit, mainly by boiling, which should be the favorite in domestic preparations, regardless of the cultivar used.
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•Twenty-two banana and plantain genotypes were analyzed.•Bananas and plantains contain as major carotenoid α and β-carotene.•Highest lutein content was found in the green fruit peel.•High levels of pro-vitamin A carotenoids occur in plantain with yellow pulp.•Boiling process improve the pro-vitamin A carotenoids release in Musa spp. fruits.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Cysteine improves red beet bioactive compounds.•Betalains content is favored by cysteine application.•Cysteine does not decrease polyphenol oxidase activity in fresh-cut red beet.•Cysteine favors ...the shikimate pathway product concentration in fresh-cut red beet.
This study investigated the effectiveness of cysteine in conservation of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of minimally processed red beet. After red beet minimal processing increasing cysteine concentrations were applied, corresponding to control, 2 mM, 4 mM, 8 mM and 16 mM. Assay was performed over 15 d to evaluate the polyphenols, betalains, antioxidant capacity and enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Cysteine enhanced the gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and betalain contents until 6 d of storage. Subsequently, dosages of cysteine above 4 mM maintained gallic acid, kaempferol and betalains contents. Cysteine appears to influence the phenylpropanoid pathway, favoring the accumulation of polyphenols and betalains. In red beet, cysteine did not inhibit PPO activity but enhanced PAL activity. Betalains contribute more than phenolics to the antioxidant capacity, and their relationship with cysteine has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We aimed to evaluate the impact of 2 visual diagnostic strategies for assessing secondary caries and managing permanent posterior restorations on long-term survival. We conducted a diagnostic ...cluster-randomized clinical trial with 2 parallel groups using different diagnostic strategies: (C+AS) based on caries assessment, marginal adaptation, and marginal staining aspects of the FDI (World Dental Federation) criteria and (C) based on caries assessment using the Caries Associated with Restorations or Sealants (CARS) criteria described by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The treatment for the restoration was conducted based on the decision made following the allocated diagnostic strategy. The restorations were then clinically reevaluated for up to 71 mo. The primary outcome was restoration failure (including tooth-level failure: pain, endodontic treatment, and extraction). Cox regression analyses with shared frailty were conducted in the intention-to-treat population, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were derived. We included 727 restorations from 185 participants and reassessed 502 (69.1%) restorations during follow-up. The evaluations occurred between 6 and 71 mo. At baseline, C led to almost 4 times fewer interventions compared with the C+AS strategy. A total of 371 restorations were assessed in the C group, from which 31 (8.4%) were repaired or replaced. In contrast, the C+AS group had 356 restorations assessed, from which 113 (31.7%) were repaired or replaced. During follow-up, 34 (9.2%) failures were detected in the restorations allocated to the C group and 30 (8.4%) allocated to the C+AS group in the intention-to-treat population, with no significant difference between the groups (HR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.51 to 1.38; P = 0.435, C+AS as reference). In conclusion, a diagnostic strategy focusing on marginal defects results in more initial interventions but does not improve longevity over the caries-focused strategy, suggesting the need for more conservative approaches.
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CMK, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
9.
The Aging Process: A Metabolomics Perspective Castro, Alex; Signini, Étore F; De Oliveira, Juliana Magalhães ...
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland),
12/2022, Volume:
27, Issue:
24
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Aging process is characterized by a progressive decline of several organic, physiological, and metabolic functions whose precise mechanism remains unclear. Metabolomics allows the identification of ...several metabolites and may contribute to clarifying the aging-regulated metabolic pathways. We aimed to investigate aging-related serum metabolic changes using a metabolomics approach. Fasting blood serum samples from 138 apparently healthy individuals (20−70 years old, 56% men) were analyzed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and for clinical markers. Associations of the metabolic profile with age were explored via Correlations (r); Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis; Multiple Linear Regression; and Aging Metabolism Breakpoint. The age increase was positively correlated (0.212 ≤ r ≤ 0.370, p < 0.05) with the clinical markers (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triacylglyceride, and glucose levels); negatively correlated (−0.285 ≤ r ≤ −0.214, p < 0.05) with tryptophan, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine levels, but positively (0.237 ≤ r ≤ 0.269, p < 0.05) with aspartate and ornithine levels. These metabolites resulted in three enriched pathways: valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, urea cycle, and ammonia recycling. Additionally, serum metabolic levels of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoleucine, aspartate, and ornithine explained 27.3% of the age variation, with the aging metabolism breakpoint occurring after the third decade of life. These results indicate that the aging process is potentially associated with reduced serum branched-chain amino acid levels (especially after the third decade of life) and progressively increased levels of serum metabolites indicative of the urea cycle.
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