Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are the earliest tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used clinically. These TEVGs transform into living blood ...vessels in vivo, with an endothelial cell (EC) lining invested by smooth muscle cells (SMCs); however, the process by which this occurs is unclear. To test if the seeded BMCs differentiate into the mature vascular cells of the neovessel, we implanted an immunodeficient mouse recipient with human BMC (hBMC)-seeded scaffolds. As in humans, TEVGs implanted in a mouse host as venous interposition grafts gradually transformed into living blood vessels over a 6-month time course. Seeded hBMCs, however, were no longer detectable within a few days of implantation. Instead, scaffolds were initially repopulated by mouse monocytes and subsequently repopulated by mouse SMCs and ECs. Seeded BMCs secreted significant amounts of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and increased early monocyte recruitment. These findings suggest TEVGs transform into functional neovessels via an inflammatory process of vascular remodeling.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bariatric Surgery in Youth Mirensky, Tamar L
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America,
06/2016, Volume:
45, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Bariatric surgery provides a clinically effective and cost-effective means of achieving sustained weight reduction and management of associated comorbidities and has been met with increasing ...enthusiasm for application in obese youth. Following trends seen among obese adults, carefully selected obese youth are now undergoing bariatric surgical procedures with excellent short-term and intermediate-term outcomes. Although long-term data are not yet available, the results thus far hold great promise in the management of this population.
Abstract The development of neotissue in tissue engineered vascular grafts remains poorly understood. Advances in mouse genetic models have been highly informative in the study of vascular biology, ...but have been inaccessible to vascular tissue engineers due to technical limitations on the use of mouse recipients. To this end, we have developed a method for constructing sub-1 mm internal diameter (ID) biodegradable scaffolds utilizing a dual cylinder chamber molding system and a hybrid polyester sealant scaled for use in a mouse model. Scaffolds constructed from either polyglycolic acid or poly- l -lactic acid nonwoven felts demonstrated sufficient porosity, biomechanical profile, and biocompatibility to function as vascular grafts. The scaffolds implanted as either inferior vena cava or aortic interposition grafts in SCID/bg mice demonstrated excellent patency without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysm formation. A foreign body immune response was observed with marked macrophage infiltration and giant cell formation by post-operative week 3. Organized vascular neotissue, consisting of endothelialization, medial generation, and collagen deposition, was evident within the internal lumen of the scaffolds by post-operative week 6. These results present the ability to create sub-1 mm ID biodegradable tubular scaffolds that are functional as vascular grafts, and provide an experimental approach for the study of vascular tissue engineering using mouse models.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Surgical correction of congenital heart defects often requires the use of valves, patches, or conduits to establish anatomic continuity. Homografts, xenografts, or mechanical prosthetic devices are ...frequently implanted during these surgical procedures. These grafts however lack growth potential, are associated with increased risk of thrombosis and infection and have limited durability, thus increasing the morbidity and mortality of their application in pediatric cardiac surgery. These limitations are being addressed through the development of living, biologic tissue-engineered valves, patches, and conduits. Pilot studies and phase 1 clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate their feasibility, safety, and efficacy. The optimal scaffold, cell source, and conditioning parameters, however, still remain to be determined and are areas of active research.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract Purpose Use of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) in the repair of congenital heart defects provides growth and remodeling potential. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in ...neovessel formation. We sought to define the role of seeded monocytes derived from bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) on neovessel formation. Methods Small diameter biodegradable tubular scaffolds were constructed. Scaffolds were seeded with the entire population of BM-MNC (n = 15), BM-MNC excluding monocytes (n = 15), or only monocytes (n = 15) and implanted as infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) interposition grafts into severe combined immunodeficiency/bg mice. Grafts were evaluated at 1 week, 10 weeks, or 6 months via ultrasonography and microcomputed tomography, as well as by histologic and immunohistochemical techniques. Results All grafts remained patent without stenosis or aneurysm formation. Neovessels contained a luminal endothelial lining surrounded by concentric smooth muscle cell layer and collagen similar to that seen in the native mouse IVC. Graft diameters differed significantly between those scaffolds seeded with only monocytes (1.022 ± 0.155 mm) and those seeded without monocytes (0.771 ± 0.121 mm; P = .021) at 6 months. Conclusions Monocytes may play a role in maintaining graft patency. Incorporation of such findings into the development of second-generation TEVGs will promote graft patency and success.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Background Features predictive of malignant small bowel obstructions among patients with previous gynecologic malignancies remain undetermined. Methods Predictors of malignancy and mortality ...among patients with gynecologic malignancies and bowel obstructions were identified through a retrospective review of records. Results Malignancy was noted among 69.8% of 189 patients included in the analysis. Advanced-stage cancer ( P = .006, odds ratio OR = 6.62), ovarian malignancy ( P = .001, OR = 25.64), and early-onset obstruction ( P = .014) predicted malignant etiology, whereas chemotherapy ( P < .001, OR = .02) or radiation therapy ( P = .027, OR = .09) predicted benign obstruction. The average survival was 9 months versus 49 months for malignant and benign obstructions, respectively. Ovarian cancer ( P = .009, hazard ratio HR = 4.45), anemia ( P = .001, HR = 1.11), and renal dysfunction ( P < .001, HR 1.81) impaired survival. Conclusions Palliative care should be considered for patients with advanced-stage cancer, ovarian malignancy, and a shorter time interval between cancer diagnosis and bowel obstruction, especially in the setting of anemia and renal dysfunction.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This report describes the first cohort study comparing pure transvaginal appendectomies (TVAs) to traditional 3-port laparoscopic appendectomies (LAs).
Between August 2008 and August 2010, 42 ...patients were offered a pure TVA. Patients who did not wish to undergo a TVA underwent a LA and served as the control group. Demographic data, operative time, length of stay, patient controlled analgesia (PCA) 12-hour-morphine utilization, complications, return to normal activity, and return to work were recorded.
Eighteen of 40 enrolled patients underwent a pure TVA. Two patients refused to participate in this study. Mean age (TVA: 31.3 ± 2.5 years vs. LA: 28.2 ± 2.3 years, P = 0.36), mean body mass index (TVA: 23.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2 vs. LA: 23.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2, P = 0.96) mean operative time (TVA: 44.4 ± 4.5 minutes vs. LA: 39.8 ± 2.6 minutes, P = 0.38), and mean length of hospital stay (TVA: 1.1 ± 0.1 days vs. LA: 1.2 ± 0.1 days, P = 0.53) were not statistically significant. However, mean postoperative morphine-use (TVA: 8.7 ± 2.0 mg vs. LA: 23.0 ± 3.4 mg, P < 0.01), return to normal activity (TVA: 3.3 ± 0.4 days vs. LA: 9.7 ± 1.6 days, P < 0.01), and return to work (TVA: 5.4 ± 1.1 days vs. LA: 10.7 ± 1.5 days, P = 0.01) were statistically significant. One conversion in the TVA group to a LA was necessary because of inability to maintain adequate pneumoperitoneum. Four complications were observed: 1 intraabdominal abscess and 1 case of urinary retention in the TVA group; 1 early postoperative bowel obstruction and 1 case of urinary retention in the LA group.
Pure TVA is a safe and well-tolerated procedure with significantly less pain and faster recovery compared to traditional LA.
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