The business cycle is a frequent topic in economic research; however, the approach based on individual strategies often remains neglected. The aspiration of this study is to prove that the behavior ...of individuals can originate and fuel an economic cycle. For this purpose, we are using an algorithm based on a repeated dove–hawk game. The results reveal that the sum of output in a society is affected by the ratio of individual strategies. Cyclical changes in this ratio will be translated into fluctuations of the total product of society. We present game theory modelling of a strategic behavioral approach as a valid theoretical foundation for explaining economic fluctuations. This article offers an unusual insight into the business cycle’s causes and growth theories.
The municipality can significantly improve the air in its territory by regular cleaning of itsstreet network. The aim of this study is therefore to demonstrate the positive effect of machinecleaning ...of roads on the reduction of PM10 dust particles in the air. These particles arethe result of emissions from transport and more than 83% of them come from the so-calledresuspension (the secondary whirling of particles that lie on the road). Cleanliness andcare of public spaces, in which road cleaning may be included, belongs to the so-calledcompulsory tasks of self-governments in some legal regulations, e.g., Bavarian, Polish,Slovak and Serbian, and as this study shows, its positive effect is measurable, which is notcommon among activities of local municipalities. Therefore, it may be stated that the fundsinvested by local governments in mechanical road cleaning have a significant positive effecton reduction of PM10 particles in the air and thus on the health of their citizens. The studyis based on measurements performed in the capital city Prague from 2013 to 2019 and usesmonthly data from 4 measuring stations, for which it was also possible to obtain adequatemeteorological data of variables that affect the occurrence of PM10 particles in the air.The results of the study can be used to properly set up the machine cleaning system so thatits effect is as high as possible. Stata econometric software was used for the data analysis.The study builds on similar analyses carried out in recent years in Europe, the Arabianpeninsula and Asia
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the subjective impact of provided care on the quality of life of informal carers, to assess the institution of long-term carer’s allowances from the ...viewpoint of informal carers, and to identify additional social policy tools that could, in carers’ opinion, improve the provision of care. Our research shows that provision of care leads to a reduced quality of life for a significant number of respondents. It is confirmed that respondents’ welfare is negatively influenced by a lack of funding and weak development of social services. It is not proven that the long-term carer’s allowance is a comprehensible benefit increasing the carers’ quality of life providing enough motivation to care. This sickness insurance benefit is intended primarily for a temporary lack of self-sufficiency, with the prospect of future improvement. Long-term or permanent lack of self-sufficiency and the related care must be secured by social support and assistance mechanisms, including respite care, and ought to be funded outside the framework of sickness insurance.
In decentralised Europe, a regional self-government constitutes an important factor directly influencing the life of citizens in a given region. It is the outlined obligatory tasks where the public ...expenditure of self-governments should aim. An analysis of the legislation of European countries, having the obligatory tasks both defined as well as non-defined, and a comparison of the expenditure of their towns with the tasks defined by legislation all helped determine the most frequently represented obligatory tasks. Simultaneously the share of these tasks in the municipality budgets was scrutinised. The article aims at finding out whether the definition of the self-governments? so-called obligatory tasks in jurisprudence ensures saturation of the public interest and enhances the efficiency of municipal self-governments? activities, which has been proven by the research. At the same time, public supervision, education of the public in the field of state administration, training of elected representatives and a legal ?failsafe? against indebting the self-governments is considered fundamental.
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