Olaparib was previously shown to synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of DNA synthesis inhibitors in oesophageal carcinoma (OC) cell lines. However, the mechanisms of this synergy are not fully ...understood. As P53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) expression was previously shown to potentiate the anticancer effect of olaparib, we investigated the involvement of 53BP1 in the synergetic cytotoxic effects of olaparib and anticancer drugs in KYSE70 cells.
Experiments included small interfering RNA transfection, growth inhibition assays, western blots, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry.
The toxicity of DNA synthesis-inhibiting agents plus olaparib was decreased when 53BP1 was depleted. Olaparib cotreatment significantly increased phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) foci as well as 53BP1/γH2AX co-localisation in anticancer drug-treated cells. Silencing of 53BP1 suppressed anticancer drug-induced apoptosis with or without olaparib.
Olaparib potentiates the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs through 53BP1 in OC cells.
Pregnancy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). During pregnancy and a post-cesarean section, an increase in D-dimer levels can be observed. However, to date, the usefulness of the ...D-dimer level measurement for thrombosis in pregnant women has not been determined.
We aimed to evaluate the changes in D-dimer levels after a cesarean section, the risk factors of high D-dimer levels, and enoxaparin sodium's preventive effects on VTE.
This retrospective study enrolled 160 pregnant women who underwent a cesarean section. D-dimer levels were measured on postoperative day (POD)1 and POD6. If on POD1, the D-dimer levels were ≥10 µg/mL, enoxaparin sodium was administered until POD7. Regardless of enoxaparin administration, when the D-dimer levels on POD6 were ≥10 µg/mL, lower-limb venous ultrasonography was performed. After a cesarean section, patients were screened for the following: factors causing high D-dimer levels, incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and need for enoxaparin.
The median D-dimer levels on POD1 and POD6 were 7.5 µg/mL (1.1-34.1) and 4.2 µg/mL (0.02-31.4), respectively. Enoxaparin sodium was administered to 56 patients (35%). The D-dimer levels on POD6 decreased more significantly than on POD1. The median D-dimer levels in the enoxaparin administration group significantly dropped from 14.3 (POD1) to 3.9 (POD6) (p<.001). The D-dimer levels on POD1 were higher in patients aged ≥35 years and with a hospitalization history of threatened preterm labor. In addition, on POD6, patients aged ≥35 years and with a high body mass index had high D-levels. Following a multivariate analysis, the elderly represent an independent factor for high D-levels. DVT was not observed.
When the D-dimer levels on POD1 after a cesarean section are ≥10 µg/mL, enoxaparin reduces D-dimer levels six days after cesarean section. Moreover, patients aged ≥35 years represent an independent factor for high D-levels. These findings should be validated by further studies.
Several studies have proposed that woodland areas are used as resting and breeding sites, and the adjacent agricultural sites are used as feeding sites by raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in ...suburban environments. However, the sites examined in these studies did not employ animal tracking but relied on questionnaire surveys by local residents. Therefore, this study examined the nocturnal and diurnal habitat selection by eight raccoon dogs throughout different seasons in suburban areas with agricultural sites by radio telemetry. The result showed that during nighttime, raccoon dogs preferred agricultural sites throughout all seasons, and woodlands, bamboos and bamboo grasslands in some seasons. The findings suggested that agricultural sites in suburban areas are an important feeding sites for raccoon dogs. Additionally, the camera trap set at the daytime rest site confirmed the presence of an adult male that may be a helper.
The dispersibility of carbon dispersions (slurries) used in lithium-ion and fuel cells considerably affects the electrode properties. The uniform dispersion of conductive materials in the slurries ...used for electrodes has a strong influence on battery performance; hence, evaluation of the dispersibility of electrode slurries is important. We developed a rheometer-based method to evaluate the dispersibility of a carbon slurry by measuring its electrochemical impedance while applying shear stress to the dispersed particles. We measured the changes in the rheo-impedance spectra of acetylene black dispersions to which methylcellulose (MC) was added as a dispersant. We evaluated the dispersibility of a concentrated carbon slurry based on the measured rheo-impedance by observing the relationship between the MC concentration and impedance. For a carbon slurry with good dispersibility, the spectra did not change substantially under the influence of shear stress. In addition, we observed three capacitive semicircles in the Nyquist plots of impedance. Based on an equivalent circuit model, we attributed the semicircles in the high-frequency range to particle–particle contact resistance and capacitance, those in the mid-frequency range to particle bulk resistance and capacitance, and those in the low-frequency range to device-derived resistance and capacitance. The bulk resistance of acetylene black showed no shear rate dependence, although the resistance of acetylene black decreased as the MC concentration increased. The resistance measured at each MC concentration increased with the shear rate. This is attributed to the partial breakdown of the carbon–carbon network and decreasing conductivity with increasing shear rate. Our results show that a combination of viscosity and electrochemical impedance measurements can be used to evaluate the dispersibility of an electrode slurry in greater detail than was previously possible. This method may be applicable to not only carbon dispersions but also to slurries composed of a wide variety of non-carbon particles.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
We discussed the relationship between rheological behavior and macroscopic shape of aggregates in shear flow of TEMPO oxidized nanocellulose (TOCN) suspension. The viscosity curve of TOCN suspensions ...is characterized by two shear thinning regions, separated by an intermediate plateau. The first normal stress difference (N1) measured at the same time showed a tendency to increase sharply in the negative direction in the vicinity of the plateau region of viscosity, and thereafter to increase in the positive direction. Small-angle Light Scattering (SALS) measurements reveal that these changes in rheological behavior correspond to the behavior of TOCN aggregates extending from an isotropic sphere to anisotropic ellipse. That is, in the low shear rate region, TOCN is dispersed as aggregates having a three-dimensional network structure in which fibers are entangled with each other. As the shear rate increases, the aggregates flow and the viscosity decreases. When a certain critical shear rate is reached, the aggregates try to deform into an ellipse to reduce flow resistance. At that time, transient shear stress is generated in aggregates, which causes a viscous plateau region. In addition, the size of aggregates in the direction perpendicular to the flow tends to decrease as they grow in the direction of the flow, resulting in a sudden negative normal stress. As the shear rate increases further, aggregates grow into an ellipse, the degree of anisotropy increases, and the complete thinning behavior begins again.
We can run the MMP for any divisor on any $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial projective
toric variety. We show that two Mori fiber spaces, which are outputs of the
above MMP, are connected by finitely many ...elementary transforms.
•Fiber lengths of NFBCs are about 17 μm and aspect ratios are more than 1000.•NFBCs have fiber-to-fiber interactions even at low concentrations (0.01 wt%).•NFBCs maintain stable gel-like properties ...across 0.2–1.0 wt%.•NFBCs can modify material properties even at low concentrations.
Nano-fibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) can be prepared by cultivating a cellulose-producing bacterium in a medium containing a dispersant under agitating and aerobic conditions. Although NFBCs have various applications, their detailed structure and physical properties have not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, we performed detailed structural and physical property analyses of NFBCs to advance their potential applications. Atomic force microscopy and image analysis showed that the average fiber length of NFBCs was approximately 17 µm and fiber widths were 10–15 nm; the aspect ratios of NFBCs were > 1000, which are >10-fold higher than that of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpioeridine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanofiber. Shear viscosity measurements showed that the NFBCs exhibited shear-thinning flow behavior even at low concentrations (0.01 wt%). Frequency sweep measurements showed that the storage modulus values were greater than the loss modulus values in the measured frequency range, indicating that the NFBCs were in a stable gel state. Thus, the NFBCs exhibited significantly longer fiber lengths, larger aspect ratios, and excellent viscoelastic properties based on these unique structural features. Our findings will help develop novel applications utilizing the ultrahigh aspect ratio unique to NFBC and its viscoelastic properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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