The rate of hydrogen desorption from liquid steel bath was measured to investigate the effect of pressure. Experiments of hydrogen desorption from molten steel were conducted using 30kg and 100kg ...scale induction furnace. Hydrogen desorption reaction was basically controlled by gas phase mass transfer over 1.4 kPa in this experimental condition. The effect of argon gas top blowing on to the free surface of molten steeel bath on the gas phase mass transfer coefficient was evaluated. Following dimensionless equation was obtained, assuming 0.33 power of Sc. Sh(H/dn)=0.002Re0.88Sc0.33(H/dc)1.39 where H is the distance between free surface of melt bath and nozzle, dn, is inner diameter of nozzle, dc is inner diameter of crucible, Sh= kGdn/D Ar-X, Re=ugdn/ vg, Sc = Vg/DAr-X, kG is mass transfer coefficient of gas phase, DAr-X is diffusion coefficient of diffusing gas, ug is gas velocity, vg is kinetic viscosity of gas.
Ultrastructural change was investigated in the small intestinal mucosa of dogs after experimental dissection of the cranial mesenteric plexus and/or obstruction of the lymphatics. In group with a ...combination of dissection of the plexus and obstruction of the lymphatics (Group A): Marked mucosal edema and dilatation of intercellular spaces of epithelial cell were observed after the 6th postoperative hours (POH), and numerous pinocytotic vesicles appeared after 24th POH. After the 5th postoperative days, rough glycocalyx and irregular microvilli were recognized in epithelial cells. As a characteristic change, pinocytotic vesicles fused together and formed a complex. However, no lipid droplet were accumulated in epithelial cells. In group with obstruction of lymphatics (Group B): Epithelial cells were full in lipid droplets. Based on these evidences, it was suggested that diarrhea and nutritional disorder were mainly caused by the disturbance of absorption and water transport in epithelial cells, involving severe pathological changes in their ultrastructure.
Small cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCCE) is an infrequent tumour associated with a poor prognosis. We herein propose the first case of SCCE treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and its ...endoscopic images with narrow band imaging (NBI) and autofluorescence imaging (AFI). A 63-year-old man complained of a loss of appetite. An upper endoscopic examination revealed a 7 mm nodule located 33 cm from the incisors. A weakly stained area was shown by iodine staining. NBI detected brownish amorphous dots with irregular vessels on the surface of the nodule and AFI distinctly embossed the lesion magenta. A biopsy specimen obtained from the lesions revealed typical SCCE. The patient underwent EMR to remove the SCCE and thereafter remained in a state of clinical remission for 18 months. In summary, NBI and AFI may be useful for detecting and differentially diagnosing SCCE from the squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. EMR is therefore considered to be a potentially useful therapeutic option for removing SCCE instead of performing an oesophagotomy.
The study was made on the rate of decarburization of molten steel in the low carbon content range (%C ≤0.1 mass%) under reduced pressure to reveal the effects of sulfur content of molten steel, ...pressure and CO bubble formation in the metal bath. The chemical reaction rate constant at gas-metal interface was estimated. The value obtained was far greater than that of previously reported value by Harashima et al.using CO2-CO-Ar gas. The reaction model analysis was made on the assumption that agitation by the formation of CO bubbles increased the interfacial area of bath surface. Three-step, i.e. mass transfer in metal and gas phases and chemical reaction at gas-metal interface were taken into consideration in the model.
Evaluation of the level of stereoacuity in infants as early as possible is very important to detecting abnormalities and preventing further disturbance in visual functions. We developed a new ...instrument which permits the quantitative measurement of stereoacuity in infants. A total of 217 ophthalmologically normal infants were tested and stereoacuity was detected in 141 infants. Stereopsis is likely to arise at 3-4 months of age and develops as the infant grows. It can develop rapidly after the age of one year. The rate of detection was 48% in infants below 6 months old, and 65% as an overall mean among all age groups under 3 years of age. This new instrument, the TV-Random Dot Stereo Test, is very important to quantitatively measure stereoacuity of infants aged under 3 years, more simply and with greater reliability than other kinds of stereo tests for infants.
This paper presents a novel control scheme in which internal model control (IMC) is combined with a genetic algorithm (GA). IMC tuning rules have a number of advantages for enhancing control ...performance. IMC can minimize disturbance and use only one tuning parameter, so that it is attractive for industrial users. For more aggressive control, we decrease the tuning parameter (more rapid response); for more robust response, we increase the tuning parameter (slower response). Usually we design the tuning parameter by trial and error. But it is not so easy to design an optimal parameter for a specific system, especially for a nonlinear system. A neural network (NN) based IMC for a pneumatic servo system has been proposed. On the other hand, in the last twenty years, GA has been attractive as a method, which gives an optimal answer for global search, optimization and machine learning problems. In this paper, we propose an intelligent control scheme in which IMC is combined with GA. GA will get the optimal or "near optimal" tuning parameter on-line after some generations. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is confirmed by experiments using the existent pneumatic servo system.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are self-assemblies of metal ions and organic ligands, provide a tunable platform to search a new state of matter. A two-dimensional (2D) perfect kagome ...lattice, whose geometrical frustration is a key to realizing quantum spin liquids, has been formed in the \({\pi}\)-\({d}\) conjugated 2D MOF Cu\(_{3}\)(C\(_{6}\)S\(_{6}\))\(_{n}\) (Cu-BHT). The recent discovery of its superconductivity with a critical temperature \(T_{\rm c}\) of 0.25\,kelvin raises fundamental questions about the nature of electron pairing. Here, we show that Cu-BHT is a strongly correlated unconventional superconductor with extremely low superfluid density. A nonexponential temperature dependence of superfluid density is observed, indicating the possible presence of superconducting gap nodes. The magnitude of superfluid density is much smaller than those in conventional superconductors, and follows the Uemura's relation of strongly correlated superconductors. These results imply that the unconventional superconductivity in Cu-BHT originates from electron correlations related to spin fluctuations of kagome lattice.
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