In this paper, a quantitative model is implemented with the main goal of building a decision support tool to assess the feasibility of applying a Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) service by a company operating ...a fleet of electric buses. The proposed model can calculate the energy that a vehicle within a depot can deliver back to the grid during periods of peak energy demand, based on the operational schedule that must be guaranteed (number of buses in service). After a presentation of the main features of V2G and the main benefits this technology can bring to the transportation company, the model structure, and related algorithms, as well as input and output data, are presented and discussed. To verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed model, a case study related to the company that manages public transportation in the city of Milan, Italy, is described. 2 depots were analyzed considering the energy load during peak hours and the energy that could be injected into the grid considering the vehicles parked in the depot. From a quantitative point of view, V2G could feed about 7 MW to 10 MW into the grid, depending on the day of the week and time of day. Considering an average connection of 3 kW for a household, between 2,300 and 3,300 households could be served. In addition, an economic evaluation was performed considering energy trading: monthly, total revenues are 45,922 € and total costs are 42,848 €; the economic benefit can be estimated at about 6.7% of total monthly revenues.
The aim of this study was to establish the possible effect of age, corticosteroid treatment and brain dystrophin involvement on motor function in young boys affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ...who were assessed using the North Star Ambulatory Assessment between the age of 4 and 7 years. The study includes 951 North Star assessments from 226 patients. Patients were subdivided according to age, to the site of mutation and therefore to the involvement of different brain dystrophin isoforms and to corticosteroids duration. There was a difference in the maximum North Star score achieved among patients with different brain dystrophin isoforms (p = 0.007). Patients with the involvement of Dp427, Dp140 and Dp71, had lower maximum NSAA scores when compared to those with involvement of Dp427 and Dp140 or of Dp427 only. The difference in the age when the maximum score was achieved in the different subgroups did not reach statistical significance. Using a linear regression model on all assessments we found that each of the three variables, age, site of mutation and corticosteroid treatment had an influence on the NSAA values and their progression over time. A second analysis, looking at 12-month changes showed that within this time interval the magnitude of changes was related to corticosteroid treatment but not to site of mutation. Our findings suggest that each of the considered variables appear to play a role in the progression of North Star scores in patients between the age of 4 and 7 years and that these should be carefully considered in the trial design of boys in this age range.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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