Prostate cancer is a global health problem, but incidence varies considerably across different continents. Asia is traditionally considered a low-incidence area, but the incidence and mortality of ...prostate cancer have rapidly increased across the continent. Substantial differences in epidemiological features have been observed among different Asian regions, and incidence, as well as mortality-to-incidence ratio, is associated with the human development index. Prostate cancer mortality decreased in Japan and Israel from 2007 to 2016, but mortality has increased in Thailand, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan over the same period. Genomic analyses have shown a low prevalence of ERG oncoprotein in the East Asian population, alongside a low rate of PTEN loss, high CHD1 enrichments and high FOXA1 alterations. Contributions from single-nucleotide polymorphisms to prostate cancer risk vary with ethnicity, but germline mutation rates of DNA damage repair genes in metastatic prostate cancer are comparable in Chinese and white patients from the USA and UK. Pharmacogenomic features of testosterone metabolism might contribute to disparities seen in the response to androgen deprivation between East Asian men and white American and European men. Overall, considerable diversity in epidemiology and genomics of prostate cancer across Asia defines disease characteristics in these populations, but studies in this area are under-represented in the literature. Taking into account this intracontinental and intercontinental heterogeneity, translational studies are required in order to develop ethnicity-specific treatment strategies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Aims
To test prospective pathways of a Comprehensive Reminder System based on the Health Belief Model (CRS‐HBM), stroke knowledge, health belief in health behaviour, blood pressure (BP) control, and ...disability in hypertensive ischaemic stroke patients at 6‐month postdischarge.
Design
A nested cohort study design.
Methods
Data were derived from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of the intervention (N = 174, performed during February 2015 ‐ March 2016). Data were collected by questionnaires and analysed in structural equation modelling in Mplus software.
Results
The proposed model provided a good fit to the data. This model accounted for 51.5% of the variance in health behaviour, 34.1% in BP control, and 5.7% in modified Rankin Scale score at 6‐month postdischarge. The CRS‐HBM had: (a) direct positive effect (β = .391, p < .001) and indirect positive effects (β = .186, p = .002) on health behaviour; (b) direct positive effect (β = .356, p < .001) and indirect positive effects (β = .183, p = .009) on BP control; and (c) indirect negative effect (β = −.146, p = .008) on disability. Being female was linked to better health behaviour. Higher education predicted higher level of stroke knowledge and health belief.
Conclusions
The CRS‐HBM can not only directly but also indirectly improve patients' health behaviours by improving their health knowledge or health belief. Better health behaviour can improve patients' BP control and reduce disability. Therefore, nurses need to pay more attention to not only patients' health knowledge but also their health belief when providing education.
Impact
The CRS‐HBM intervention accounted for 51.5% of variance in health behaviour, 34.1% in BP control, and 5.7% in modified Rankin Scale score at 6‐month postdischarge. This research can help nurses improve health education strategies in postdischarge and community contexts to achieve better health results.
目的
检验高血压缺血性脑卒中患者出院后6个月的基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统(CRS‐HBM)、脑卒中知识、健康行为方面健康信念、血压(BP)控制和残疾的前瞻性路径。
设计
采用巢式队列研究设计。
方法
数据来源于一项评估干预效果的随机对照试验(N=174,于2015年2月至2016年3月开展)。通过问卷调查收集数据,并在Mplus软件中进行结构方程建模分析。
结果
所建模型与数据拟合良好。出院后6个月,该模型占健康行为变化的51.5%,血压控制的34.1%,改良的Rankin量表评分的5.7%。基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统:对健康行为有(a)直接积极影响(β= .391,p < .001)和间接积极影响(β= .186,p = .002);对血压控制有(b)直接积极影响(β= .356,p < .001)和间接积极影响(β= .183,p = .009);对残疾有(c)间接负面影响(β= −.146,p = .008)。女性性别与更好的健康行为有关。高等教育对脑卒中知识和健康信念的预测水平较高。
结论
基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统可通过提高患者的健康知识或健康信念,直接或间接地改善患者的健康行为。良好的健康行为有助于改善患者的血压控制,降低残疾发生率。因此,护士在进行健康教育时,不仅要多多关注患者的健康知识,更要重视病人的健康信念。
影响
出院后6个月,基于健康信念模式的综合提醒系统干预占健康行为变化的51.5%,血压控制的34.1%,改良的Rankin量表得分的5.7%。本项研究可帮助护士在患者出院后及社区环境中改进健康教育策略,以取得更好的健康结果。
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 is an important regulator of tumor progression in many cancers, and could serve as potential serum cancer biomarker. Our initial analysis identified CXCL5 as a ...cancer-related gene highly expressed in PC. Patients with PC exhibited markedly higher preoperative serum CXCL5 levels compared with that in healthy individuals (P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.880 with the sensitivity of 84.0%, and specificity of 80.4% to distinguish PC. Serum CXCL5 levels were also significantly decreased following tumor resection in patients with PC (P=0.001). Preoperative serum CXCL5 level was significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics including T stage (P=0.001), nodal status (P<0.001), and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P=0.018). Cox regression analysis showed that serum CXCL5 level could serve as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival with a HR of 6.363 (95% CI: 2.185-18.531, P=0.001). CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 exhibited correlated expression pattern in PC tissues. Differential CXCL5 expression was observed in normal penile tissues, PC cell lines, and their culture supernatants. Furthermore, knockdown of CXCL5 or CXCR2 expression markedly suppressed malignant phenotypes (cell proliferation, clonogenesis, apoptosis escape, migration, and invasion), attenuated STAT3 and AKT signaling, and reduced MMP2/9 secretion in PC cell lines. In conclusion, our findings revealed that serum CXCL5 level might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker for penile cancer. Autocrine CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling might activate multiple downstream oncogenic signaling pathways (STAT3, AKT, MMP2/9) to promote malignant progression of PC, which may warrant further investigation in the future.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been established to be involved in numerous processes in the human genome, but their function in vascular aging remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to ...characterize and analyze the function of a circular intronic RNA, ciPVT1, in endothelial cell senescence. We observed significant downregulation of ciPVT1 in senescent endothelial cells. In proliferating endothelial cells, ciPVT1 knockdown induced a premature senescence‐like phenotype, inhibited proliferation, and led to an impairment in angiogenesis. An in vivo angiogenic plug assay revealed that ciPVT1 silencing significantly inhibited endothelial tube formation and decreased hemoglobin content. Conversely, overexpression of ciPVT1 in old endothelial cells delayed senescence, promoted proliferation, and increased angiogenic activity. Mechanistic studies revealed that ciPVT1 can sponge miR‐24‐3p to upregulate the expression of CDK4, resulting in enhanced Rb phosphorylation. Moreover, enforced expression of ciPVT1 reversed the senescence induction effect of miR‐24‐3p in endothelial cells. In summary, the present study reveals a pivotal role for ciPVT1 in regulating endothelial cell senescence and may have important implications in the search of strategies to counteract the development of age‐associated vascular pathologies.
We characterized a novel circular intronic RNA ciPVT1, which originates from intron 4 of the PVT1 gene, was markedly reduced in senescent endothelial cells. Further functional and mechanistic investigations revealed that ciPVT1 may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate CDK4 and its downstream gene by decoying miR‐24‐3p, thereby delaying endothelial cell senescence.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
While cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment may play important roles in bladder cancer (BCa) progression, their impacts on BCa chemoresistance remain unclear. Using ...human BCa samples, we found that tumour tissues possessed more CAFs than did adjacent normal tissues. Both the presence of CAFs in the BCa stroma and the expression of ERβ in BCa contribute to chemoresistance, and CAFs and BCa cells interact to affect ERβ expression. In vitro co-culture assays demonstrated that compared with normal bladder cells, BCa cells had a higher capacity to induce the transformation of normal fibroblasts into CAFs. When BCa cells were co-cultured with CAFs, their viability, clone formation ability and chemoresistance were increased, whereas their apoptotic rates were downregulated. Dissection of the mechanism revealed that the recruited CAFs increased IGF-1/ERβ signalling in BCa cells, which then led to the promotion of the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Blocking IGF-1/ERβ/Bcl-2 signalling by either an shRNA targeting ERβ or an anti-IGF-1 neutralizing antibody partially reversed the capacity of CAFs to increase BCa chemoresistance. The in vivo data also confirmed that CAFs could increase BCa cell resistance to cisplatin by increasing ERβ/Bcl-2 signalling. The above results showed the important roles of CAFs within the bladder tumour microenvironment, which could enhance BCa chemoresistance.
Background: Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) appears to protect distant organs from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, cerebral protection results have remained inconclusive. In ...the present study, a meta-analysis was performed to compare stroke patients with and without RIPostC.
Methods: CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2016. Data were analyzed using both fixed-effects and random-effects models by Review Manager. For each outcome, risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
Results: A total of 13 randomized controlled trials that enrolled a total of 794 study participants who suffered from or are at risk for brain IRI were selected. Compared with controls, RIPostC significantly reduced the recurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attacks (RR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.26-0.55; P < 0.00001). Moreover, it can reduce the levels of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (MD: 1.96; 95% CI: 2.18-1.75; P < 0.00001), modified Rankin Scale score (MD: 0.73; 95% CI: 1.20-0.25; P = 0.00300), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (MD: 4.17; 95% CI: 4.71-3.62; P < 0.00001) between the two groups. There was no side effect of RIPostC using tourniquet cuff around the limb on ischemic stroke treating based on different intervention duration.
Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that RIPostC might offer cerebral protection for stroke patients suffering from or are at risk of brain IRI.
Conventional tumor-targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) face challenges, such as unsatisfied systemic circulation, low targeting efficiency, poor tumoral penetration, and uncontrolled drug release. ...Recently, tumor cellular molecules-triggered DDSs have aroused great interests in addressing such dilemmas. With the introduction of several additional functionalities, the properties of these smart DDSs including size, surface charge and ligand exposure can response to different tumor microenvironments for a more efficient tumor targeting, and eventually achieve desired drug release for an optimized therapeutic efficiency. This review highlights the recent research progresses on smart tumor environment responsive drug delivery systems for targeted drug delivery. Dynamic targeting strategies and functional moieties sensitive to a variety of tumor cellular stimuli, including pH, glutathione, adenosine-triphosphate, reactive oxygen species, enzyme and inflammatory factors are summarized. Special emphasis of this review is placed on their responsive mechanisms, drug loading models, drawbacks and merits. Several typical multi-stimuli responsive DDSs are listed. And the main challenges and potential future development are discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Observational studies suggest an association between dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes, but the results are inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies evaluating ...the associations of dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Relevant studies were identified by searching EMBASE (from 1974 to April 2013) and PubMed (from 1966 to April 2013). The fixed or random-effect model was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies. In addition, a 2-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was performed. We identified 17 prospective cohort studies of dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes involving 19,033 cases and 488,293 participants. The combined RR (95 % CI) of type 2 diabetes for intake of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, fruit fiber and insoluble fiber was 0.81 (0.73-0.90), 0.77 (0.69-0.85), 0.94 (0.88-0.99) and 0.75 (0.63-0.89), respectively. A nonlinear relationship was found of total dietary fiber intake with risk oftype 2 diabetes (P for nonlinearity < 0.01), and the RRs (95 % CI) of type 2 diabetes were 0.98 (0.90-1.06), 0.97 (0.87-1.07), 0.89 (0.80-0.99), 0.76 (0.65-0.88), and 0.66 (0.53-0.82) for 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 g/day. The departure from nonlinear relationship was not significant (P for nonlinearity = 0.72), and the risk of type 2 diabetes decreased by 6 % (RR 0.94,95 % CI 0.93-0.96) for 2 g/day increment in cereal fiber intake. Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that the intakes of dietary fiber may be inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes.
In Study 39, ATM-negative tumours were identified by ATM immunohistochemical assays in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gastric carcinoma tissue,2 whereas in GOLD, the Ventana ATM (Y170) assay was ...used. ...GOLD increased the cutoff value of protein staining from 10% to 25%, which meant that some patients were included in the ATM-negative group, whereas they would have been be in the ATM-positive group in Study 39. ...post-progression treatment is an important confounding factor in overall survival analyses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is the most commonly seen disease among aging males. Transforming growth factor(TGF)-β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epithelial ...overproliferation might be central events in BPH etiology and pathophysiology. In the present study, long noncoding RNA MIR663AHG, miR-765, and FOXK1 formed a competing endogenous RNAs network, modulating TGF-β-mediated EMT and epithelial overproliferation in BPH-1 cells. miR-765 expression was downregulated in TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cells; miR-765 overexpression ameliorated TGF-β-mediated EMT and epithelial overproliferation in BPH-1 cells. MIR663AHG directly targeted miR-765 and negatively regulated miR-765; MIR663AHG knockdown also attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT and epithelial overproliferation in BPH-1 cells, whereas miR-765 inhibition attenuated MIR663AHG knockdown effects on TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cells. miR-765 directly targeted FOXK1 and negatively regulated FOXK1. FOXK1 knockdown attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT and epithelial overproliferation and promoted autophagy in BPH-1 cells, and partially attenuated miR-765 inhibition effects on TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cells. In conclusion, this study provides a MIR663AHG/miR-765/FOXK1 axis modulating TGF-β-induced epithelial proliferation and EMT, which might exert an underlying effect on BPH development and act as therapeutic targets for BPH treatment regimens.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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