It has been conjectured that the relative phase between strong and electromagnetic amplitudes is universally -90 degree in channonium decays. psi ' decaying into a pseudoscalar pair provides a ...possibility to test this conjecture. However, the experimentally observed cross section for such a process is depicted by the two-fold integral, which takes into account the initial state radiative (ISR) correction and energy spread effect. Using the generalized linear regression approach, a complex energy-dependent factor is approximated by a linear function of energy. Taking advantage of this simplification, the integration of ISR correction can be performed and an analytical expression with accuracy at the level of 1% is obtained. Then, the original two-fold integral is simplified into a one-fold integral, which reduces the total computing time by two orders of magnitude. Such a simplified expression for the observed cross section usually plays an indispensable role in the optimization of scan data taking, the determination of systematic uncertainty, and the analysis of data correlation.
An enhanced time-delay neural network (TDNN), using time series sensor response data, improved pattern recognition ability of an electronic nose (e-nose) in discriminating four different spices. TDNN ...was used for analysis of e-nose time series sensor data from 0 to 4
min, while two popular pattern recognition methods, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained by back-propagation, were used to analyze the “instantaneous” e-nose data obtained from sensor responses only at 4 min. The results showed that DFA and MLP correctly recognized 59.4 and 62.5% of the spices respectively while TDNN correctly recognized all (100%) spices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The Cu/SiO2/ceramic composite membrane was prepared on the SiO2/ceramic mesoporous membrane by an ion exchange method, and vapor phase dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate in the catalytic ...membrane reactor was investigated. It showed much better performance in the catalytic membrane reactor than that in the fixed-bed reactor under the same reaction conditions. At 240 °C, 57.3% conversion of methanol and 50.0% yield of methyl formate were achieved in the catalytic membrane reactor and only 43.1% conversion of methanol and 36.9% yield of methyl formate were achieved in the fixed-bed reactor.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The relationship between litter decomposition and forest succession in addition to the influence of climate variables on the rate of litter decomposition in forest ecosystems are poorly understood. ...In this study, the effects of forest successional stages, climate, and litter quality on litter decomposition rates were investigated in five sites located in China. The selected sites cover 29 degrees of latitude from 18 degree N to 47 degree N and spans more than 5,000 km in length along a temperature gradient that transverses across eastern China. This zonal gradient includes five climate zones from temperate to subtropical to tropical zones. Forest types include broad-leaved Korean pine, deciduous broad-leaved, evergreen broad-leaved, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved, and tropical rain forests. The North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) is one of fifteen international standard transects setup by Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (GCTE). NSTEC is a key component of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). The litterbag method was used in this study to determine mass loss and annual decomposition rates of eight tree species (Pinus mas-soniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl., Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst., C. gracilis (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng et T. Hong, Michelia chapensis Dandy, and Castanopsis eyeri (Champ.) Tutch. through a timeframe starting in May, 2006, and ending in May, 2008. Litterbags 15 x 15 cm and 0.5 x 1.0 mm mesh were filled with 10 g of leaf litter collected from the subtropical forest region and then placed onto the forest floor in triplicate samples for each eight species in all five sites. Three litterbags per species were retrieved from each of the five sites at two month intervals during the two year experimental period. Results suggest that species litter in the climax stage (C. glauca, C. gracilis, and M. chapensis) tended to decompose faster than those in the pioneer stage (P. massoniana and C. lanceolata). Initial phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations of leaf litter were the most critical variables of litter quality in relation to the impact on the rate of litter decomposition. Litter decomposition at different successional stages was found to be directly related to climatic variables such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT). MAP and initial P and N concentrations could therefore be considered good indicators of rates of decomposition.
With the known branching ratios of ψ(2S)→π+π− and ψ(2S)→K+K−, the branching ratio of ψ(2S)→K0SK0L is calculated as a function of the relative phase between the strong and the electromagnetic ...amplitudes of the ψ(2S) decays. The study shows that the branching ratio of ψ(2S)→K0SK0L is sensitive to the relative phase and a measurement of the K0SK0L branching ratio will shed light on the relative phase determination in ψ(2S)→0−0− decays.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Variation in the Gene for Muscle-Specific AMP Deaminase Is Associated With Insulin Clearance, a Highly Heritable Trait
Mark O. Goodarzi 1 2 ,
Kent D. Taylor 1 ,
Xiuqing Guo 1 ,
Manuel J. Quiñones 3 ,
...Jinrui Cui 1 ,
Xiaohui Li 1 ,
Tieu Hang 1 ,
Huiying Yang 1 ,
Edward Holmes 4 ,
Willa A. Hsueh 3 ,
Jerrold Olefsky 5 and
Jerome I. Rotter 1
1 Medical Genetics Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Cedars-Sinai
Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
2 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
3 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los
Angeles, California
4 Department of Medicine, University of San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
5 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of San Diego School of Medicine,
San Diego, California
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Mark O. Goodarzi, MD, PhD, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology,
Diabetes and Metabolism, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Becker B-128, Los Angeles, CA 90048. E-mail: mark.goodarzi{at}cshs.org
Abstract
The rising prevalence of the insulin resistance syndrome in our society necessitates a better understanding of the genetic
determinants of all aspects of insulin action and metabolism. We evaluated the heritability of insulin sensitivity and the
metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) as quantified by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in 403 Mexican Americans.
We tested the candidate gene AMP deaminase 1 ( AMPD1 ) for association with insulin-related traits because it codes for an enzyme that has the potential to influence multiple
aspects of insulin pharmacodynamics. By converting AMP to inosine monophosphate, AMPD1 plays a major role in regulating cellular
AMP levels; AMP activates AMP kinase, an enzyme that modulates cellular energy and insulin action. We determined that nine
AMPD1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) defined two haplotype blocks. Insulin clearance was found to have a higher heritability
( h 2 = 0.58) than fasting insulin ( h 2 = 0.38) or insulin sensitivity ( h 2 = 0.44). The MCRI was associated with AMPD1 SNPs and haplotypes. Insulin clearance is a highly heritable trait, and specific haplotypes within the AMPD1 gene, which encodes a skeletal muscle−specific protein, are associated with variation in insulin clearance. We postulated
that the processes of insulin action and insulin clearance in skeletal muscle are highly regulated and that AMPD1 function
may play an important role in these phenomena.
AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
LD, linkage disequilibrium
MCRI, metabolic clearance rate of insulin
SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
TDT, transmission disequilibrium test
Footnotes
Accepted January 10, 2005.
Received November 19, 2004.
DIABETES
Scenarios for the τ mass measurement at the upgraded Beijing Electron-Positron Collider （BEPC- II ） are studied. A nested minimization procedure is used to optimize the data taking plan. It is found ...that by using five energy points with the total integrated luminosity of 100 pb-1, the τ mass can be determined with a statistical error of 50 keV.
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