Production of low carbon biofuels and biochemicals from renewable feedstocks using a biological process is considered a sustainable alternative to the fossil-fuel-based linear economy. This study ...demonstrated the pilot-scale (10 m
3
) production of biohydrogen (bio-H
2
) and volatile fatty acids/carboxylic acids (VFA) through acidogenic fermentation (AF) using food waste (FW) as renewable feedstock. Bio-H
2
production of 54 288 L (155.10 LH
2
per kg COD) along with 25.77 g L
−1
of VFA composed of acetic (H
Ac
: 15.2 ± 1.98 g L
−1
), propionic (H
Pr
: 4.89 ± 1.26 g L
−1
) and butyric (H
Bu
5.67 ± 0.96 g L
−1
) acids was achieved within 48 h of the fermentation period. The further acidogenic process was integrated with a biorefinery platform (methanogenesis + photosynthesis) in a circular loop strategy which helped derive multiple biobased products (CH
4
, algal biomass, O
2
and treated water for reuse) from fatty acid-rich acidogenic effluent and untreated COD of AF. The whole bio-manufacturing unit (acidogenesis + methanogenesis + photosynthesis) converted the renewable feedstock (waste/wastewater) into fuels and platform chemicals, in analogy to a conventional oil refinery with a maximized resource recovery. The life cycle assessment (LCA) tool was employed to study the environmental impact of both the bio-H
2
(standalone, ST) and waste biorefinery (WB) processes, and the results depicted that the WB approach offered a relatively low impact (approx. 3.5 fold less than ST). The approach helped determine the flow of carbon and its conversion to products; this aided the reduction of carbon emissions as well as minimized the burden on natural resources with the biosynthesis of green H
2
and other value-added products, addressing carbon neutrality with bioeconomy.
Low carbon biofuels and biochemicals production from renewable feedstock (waste) in a biorefinery approach.
The development of a novel textile sludge based activated carbon (TSBAC) adsorbent and its performance for the treatment of textile dyeing effluent, have been explained in this paper. TSBAC was ...prepared by the thermal treatment of textile effluent treatment sludge followed by the chemical activation using phosphoric acid. Characterization of TSBAC resulted in enhanced specific surface area (123.65 m2/g) along with the presence of active surface functional groups including −OH, −COOH, −CO. TSBAC showed superior adsorption capacity for methylene blue (123.6 mg/g), reactive red 198 (101.4 mg/g), and reactive yellow 145 (96.8 mg/g) individually, and from the synthetic textile effluent (106 mg/g). The pseudo-second order model and Langmuir isotherm model were found to be fitted well with batch experimental data. The results of the continuous column studies showed that adsorption capacity for methylene blue, reactive red 198, reactive yellow 145 are 101.8 mg/g, 76.6 mg/g, and 75.1 mg/g respectively, and the synthetic textile effluent resulted in an adsorption capacity value of 79.1 mg/g. The reuse potential of TSBAC was proved by effective dye removal up to six reuse cycles. The leachability studies proved that the used adsorbent could be safely disposed of without any harmful effect to the environment.
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•Synthesis of novel adsorbent by thermo-chemical treatment of textile sludge.•Application of the adsorbent for dye removal from industrial textile effluent.•Detailed isotherm and kinetic studies based on batch experiments.•Promising field-scale application based on continuous column studies.•Leachability studies to ensure safe disposal of spent adsorbent.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Micro/nanoplastics (MP/NPs) are emerging global pollutants that garnered enormous attention due to their potential threat to the ecosystem in virtue of their persistence and accumulation. ...Notably, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) yearbook in 2014 proposed MPs as one among ten emergent issues that the Earth is facing today. MP/NPs can be found in most regularly used products (primary microplastics) or formed by the fragmentation of bigger plastics (secondary microplastics) and are inextricably discharged into the environment by terrestrial and land-based sources, particularly runoff. They are non-degradable, biologically incompatible, and their presence in the air, soil, water, and food can induce ecotoxicological issues and also a menace to the environment. Due to micro size and diverse chemical nature, MP/NPs easily infiltrate wastewater treatment processes. This communication reviews the current understanding of MP/NPs occurrence, mobility, aggregation behavior, and degradation/assimilation in terrestrial, aquatic (fresh & marine), atmospheric depositions, wetlands and trophic food chain. This communication provide current perspectives and understanding on MP/NPs concerning (1) Source, occurrence, distribution, and properties (2) Impact on the ecosystem and its services, (3) Techniques in detection and identification and (4) Strategies to manage and mitigation.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Microalgae as a potential organisms for the production of biobased based products.•Acidic hydrolysis for the recovery of carbon rich simple monomers.•Defatted microalgae as feedstock for the ...production of bioethanol.•Integration of photosynthesis, hydrolysis and fermentation in a biorefinery approach.
The potential of microalgae for the treatment of dairy wastewater (DWW) was studied by integrating with bioethanol production. At the end of treatment, organic carbon removal was observed to be 90% with simultaneous removal of nutrients. Biomass concentration increased from 3rd day and reached to a maximum of 1.4 g L−1 by the end of cycle. The biomolecular composition of microalgae comprised of 38% carbohydrates, 15% proteins and 22% lipids. Reducing sugars extracted from deoiled microalgae showed highest percentage of glucose (54.12%) than other monomers. The reducing sugars obtained were utilized for the production of bioethanol via yeast fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This resulted in the production of ethanol (3G) upto 116.2 mg g−1 with simultaneous decrease in reducing sugars upto 92 mg g−1. The results obtained indicate potential of microalgae to produce multiple biobased products in a biorefinery framework.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Microalgae, a natural carbon sink for the production of biobased products.•Potential of microalgae in close loop biorefinery towards high-value products.•Microalgae based biorefinery ...can be an integral part of Blue Bioeconomy.•Microalgae primary products as a supplement for human health.
Microalgae due to its metabolic versatility have received a focal attention in the biorefinery and bioeconomy context. Microalgae products have broad and promising application potential in the domain of renewable fuels/energy, nutraceutical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Biorefining of microalgal biomass in a circular loop with an aim to maximize resource recovery is being considered as one of the sustainable option that will have both economical and environmental viability. The expansive scope of microalgae cultivation with self-sustainability approach was discussed in this communication in the framework of blue-bioeconomy. Microalgae based primary products, cultivation strategies, valorization of microalgae biomass for secondary products and integrated biorefinery models for the production of multi-based products were discussed. The need and prospect of self-sustainable models in closed loop format was also elaborated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Conceptualizing waste biorefinery for recovery of value added products. Display omitted
•Resource recovery of bioenergy and platform chemicals from waste.•Biorefinery as a sustainable approach for ...waste mining.•Exploitation of waste would enhance biorefinery competitiveness & social acceptance.
Increased urbanization worldwide has resulted in a substantial increase in energy and material consumption as well as anthropogenic waste generation. The main source for our current needs is petroleum refinery, which have grave impact over energy-environment nexus. Therefore, production of bioenergy and biomaterials have significant potential to contribute and need to meet the ever increasing demand. In this perspective, a biorefinery concept visualizes negative-valued waste as a potential renewable feedstock. This review illustrates different bioprocess based technological models that will pave sustainable avenues for the development of biobased society. The proposed models hypothesize closed loop approach wherein waste is valorised through a cascade of various biotechnological processes addressing circular economy. Biorefinery offers a sustainable green option to utilize waste and to produce a gamut of marketable bioproducts and bioenergy on par to petro-chemical refinery.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Systems biological analysis of immunity to the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in humans revealed a correlation between early expression of TLR5 and the magnitude of the antibody ...response. Vaccination of Trl5−/− mice resulted in reduced antibody titers and lower frequencies of plasma cells, demonstrating a role for TLR5 in immunity to TIV. This was due to a failure to sense host microbiota. Thus, antibody responses in germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice were impaired, but restored by oral reconstitution with a flagellated, but not aflagellated, strain of E. coli. TLR5-mediated sensing of flagellin promoted plasma cell differentiation directly and by stimulating lymph node macrophages to produce plasma cell growth factors. Finally, TLR5-mediated sensing of the microbiota also impacted antibody responses to the inactivated polio vaccine, but not to adjuvanted vaccines or the live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. These results reveal an unappreciated role for gut microbiota in promoting immunity to vaccination.
•Report on the impact of microbiome on vaccine immunity•Example of a novel insight obtained from a systems vaccinology study in human•New role for microbiome on modulating short- and long-lived plasma cell responses•New insight on the regulation of immunity to influenza vaccine
Emerging evidence suggests diverse roles for the host microbiota in human physiology. Pulendran and colleagues show that the microbiota signal via TLR5 on B cells and macrophages to promote antibody responses to vaccination.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Mixotrophic nutritional mode showed high biomass productivity with synthetic dairy wastewater.•Chl a fluorescence transient showed enhanced photosynthetic activity in ...100 µmol m-2s−1.•Alteration of light intensities influenced nutrient removal with the production of metabolites.•Higher lipid productivity with diversified FAME profile was witnessed.
The present study is aimed to understand the photosynthetic transients of Chlorella sorokiniana SVMBIOEN2 during treatment of dairy wastewater under different light intensities (100, 150, and 200 µmol m-2s−1) in mixotrophic mode. Light intensities showed marked influence on photosystem behavior, lipid profile, and organic pollutant removal. Analysis of Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient including Fv/Fm, ETo/RC, TRo/RC, and Abs/RC showed better photosystem efficiency at 100 µmol m-2s−1 operations. OJIP curve fitting depicted a positive L-band at 150 µmol m-2s−1 indicating lower kinetic energy of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres at high light intensities. Better photosynthetic activity at 100 µmol m-2s−1 operations resulted in good assimilation of biomass (2.3 g L-1), carbohydrates (10.2 mg g−1), and proteins (14 mg g−1) with a significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (85%). Phycoremediation of dairy wastewater accumulates predominantly monounsaturated fatty acids followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids showing the application of C. sorokiniana in nutraceutical and food industries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Sulfur content of diesel fuel has been cut down to ultra low levels by environmental regulation in many countries with the aim of reducing diesel engine's harmful emissions and improving air quality. ...As a result, research on the production of ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) has gained enormous interest in the scientific community worldwide. The renewed interest in ULSD research is driven by the need, to have a comprehensive understanding of the various factors influencing deep desulfurization of diesel to the ultra low level as well as to find cost-effective ways for ULSD production. This review discusses the recent advancement on ULSD production from both scientific and applied point of view. The key fundamentals and the factors influencing the removal of the least reactive sterically hindered sulfur species from diesel feedstocks are reviewed and discussed in detail. Latest development in deep HDS catalyst and the scientific basis for the improvements in the activity of the new generation HDS catalyst are presented. Advancement in the deep HDS process technologies is reviewed and various options available for revamping and modifying the existing low sulfur diesel HDS units for ULSD production are described highlighting the importance of catalyst selection and hydrogen consumption issues. Special attention has been paid to the progress in the alternative (non-hydrogenation) process concepts and technologies that are being developed for ULSD production.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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