Cilj istraživanja je da se utvrdi relativan značaj dve grupe faktora koje determinišu stopu neto migracija: ekonomskih, kao što je visina bruto prosečne mesečne zarade i neekonomskih, koji obuhvataju ...kvalitet institucionalnog uređenja oslonjen prevashodno na indikatore kontrole korupcije i vladavine prava. Prema neoklasičnoj teoriji migracija ekonomski faktori imaju dominantan uticaj na donošenje odluke o migracijama. Institucionalna teorija migracija zagovara stav da institucionalni i upravljački faktori imaju prevagu nad ekonomskim. Na uzorku od 48 evropskih zemalja, za period 1996 – 2021. godine primenom tehnika ekonometrijske analize panel podataka identifikovani su prediktori stope neto migracija u evropskim zemljama. Analiza je potvrdila da je kvalitet institucionalnog okvira od izuzetne važnosti i da su vladavina prava i kontrola korupcije imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u zemljama Evrope od bruto prosečnih mesečnih zarada. Istraživanjem je takođe potvrđeno i to da su institucionalni faktori imali snažniji uticaj na neto migracije u manje razvijenim evropskim zemljama koje nisu članice Evropske unije nego u 28 zemalja članica. Manje razvijene evropske zemlje moraju posebnu pažnju posvetiti izgradnji institucija, vladavini prava i kontroli korupcije ukoliko žele da zaustave negativne trendove u neto migracijama, te da ovi faktori imaju prevagu u odnosu na ekonomske koji su bili dominantni u XX veku.
In this paper, we calculate the economic costs of labour market exclusion of Roma women at the NUTS 2 level in Serbia in terms of output and fiscal benefits. The approach relies on the analysis of a ...scenario in which there are no differences in the level of wages or in labour force participation and employment rates between Roma and non-Roma labour market participants. We use Labour Force Survey (LFS) data from 2019 as a basis for the comparison of the Roma and non-Roma in terms of expected gross earnings for working-age individuals provided they are employed. The results show that the total economic loss (output + fiscal) due to the exclusion of Roma women from the labour market in Serbia amounts to about 197.7 million euros on an annual basis. Of that, 70.5% (139.3 million euros) come from output/productivity losses, and 29.5% (58.4 million euros) from fiscal losses. The largest contribution to total economic losses comes from the South and Eastern Serbia region (37.25%), followed by the Vojvodina region (28.25%), the Belgrade region (24.03%) and the Šumadija and Western Serbia region (10.46%).
The uncontrolled use of natural resources, loss of biodiversity and natural capital, pollution of water resources, CO2 emissions, inadequate waste disposal and other environmental problems have ...influenced the growth of investments in green technologies, as well as the development of more efficient methods in terms of the use of resources to increase productivity in different sectors of the economy without endangering the land and biodiversity. The paper examines the advantages of developing the investment projects that promote the concepts of bioeconomy and circular economy and ensure profitability without a negative impact on the natural environment. The innovation projects supported by the Western Balkans Investment Framework in the field of energy, environment, transport, social protection and digital infrastructure are analyzed. It is concluded that about 50% of the supported projects are environmental projects that aim at providing environmental benefits or preventing the environmental damage. Special attention is paid to the environmental projects co-financed by the Innovation Fund of the Republic of Serbia.
Economic growth is an economic topic that attracts a lot of attention in science and research. This is a consequence of the emergence of increasingly frequent regional and global instabilities, which ...often develop into open economic crises of a larger scale. Therefore, today’s economic stability is largely threatened due to the slowdown in GDP growth. Economic growth is influenced by various economic factors, with education being one of the most important, which undeniably boosts productivity, competitiveness, and growth. Among the first, this topic was elaborated by Solow. In this research, regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of several selected variables that determine the state of education. The research results are presented in two models. The dependent variable is Gross National Income per capita (GNIpc), and the independent variables in the first model are years of education, macroeconomic stability, and ability to accept information technologies. In the first model, none of the independent variables is individually significant for the movement of GNIpc. The continuation of the analysis (second model) excludes the variable of macroeconomic stability. The final results are significant for the movement of GNIpc and show that an increase of one year in education leads to an increase in GNIpc by 4408 units, while an increase in the speed of ICT adoption leads to an increase in GNIpc by 543 units. Thus, the research results show a positive and significant influence of the selected independent variables on the economic growth of the Balkan countries.
The paper starts from the concept of the Open Balkan as a community of countries in the Western Balkans, aimed at strengthening their economic cooperation and development for faster integration in ...the European Union. Significant attention is paid to the analysis of the interdependence of (in)stability of the state and the economic development of small countries. The position of the Open Balkan and its members is also analysed on the basis of the selected global composite indices. An important subject of the analysis is also the condition of institutional capacities of the members of the Open Balkan and their institutional cooperation from the perspective of faster progress towards the European integration. Two main hypotheses have been tested in the paper: (H1) CEEs countries are not a homogeneous group of countries; and (H2) The Western Balkans is a relatively homogeneous regional integration. To test the convergence hypothesis between 16 Central and Eastern European countries (CEEs), annual data from World Bank’s database on the value of real gross domestic product per capita (in constant dollars 2017, PPP) in the period 2000-2026 were used (projected values for the period until 2026). We employed the method developed by Phillips & Sul (2007) that allows identification of clusters of convergence on the basis of an algorithm that is data-driven and thereby avoids a priori classification of the data into subgroups. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Serbia is the “locomotive” of the Western Balkans and that all countries in this area should join the regional initiative for cooperation, the Open Balkan.
This paper investigates the existence of club convergence on the NUTS (Nomenclaturedes Unités Territoriales Statistiques) 3 level in Serbia. While a common approach in investigating convergence is ...based on dividing units of observation a priori into individual groups based on some of their particular characteristics, we use a method developed by Phillips and Sul that allows identification of clusters of convergence on the basis of an algorithm that is data-driven and thereby avoids a priori classification of the data into subgroups. We use data on real gross valued added (GVA) per capita for the NUTS3 level in Serbia for the period 2001-2017. Our results show that there are two convergence clubs in Serbia, while the Belgrade district shows no signs of convergence with any of the other clubs.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The paper first analyzes the institutional framework of the economy and public finances in Serbia, with particular reference to the treatment of the SME sector and entrepreneurs, foreign investors ...and the digital (IT) infrastructure. A special part of the paper deals with the dynamics of accession to the European Union of some countries that are now members of this integration, as well as with the process of Serbia’s membership, since it is considered that this process is the key determinant of the institutional conditions for our country. The third part deals with the treatment of public finances in the Constitutions of the selected EU Member States.
This paper is about basic development trends in Kosovo and Metohija during the period 2003-2017. The focus is on the missed opportunities for increasing economic and social well-being in the KiM ...area. Besides this, an important aspect of the analysis carried out in this paper relates to the quality of the state governance and building institutional capacities. In the empirical analysis, three scenarios were used to show the backlog of the KiM area, i.e. the lost GDP per capita of Kosovo caused by the inability to take advantage of the wider space of our country. The results of the research show that special attention has to be paid to the rule of law, the efficiency of governance and the control over corruption in Kosovo. The integration of Kosovo with the educational, research and economic space of Serbia and the EU could lead to the overall progress of our country as a whole.
In the new economy, based on knowledge and innovation, the concept of human capital is becoming an increasingly important factor of growth (and development) not only for urban, but also for rural ...areas. The studies dealing with the analysis of the available human capital at the local level have highlighted its significant presence in rural areas characterised by a “specific environmental quality”, defined in the literature as rural outdoor amenities. Highly educated individuals who live and work with their families in these areas are responsible for the successful transformation of the local economy, employment growth, the improvement of living standard, development of entrepreneurship, and achievement of high rates of economic growth. This paper is aimed at analysing the relevance of the concept of human capital for rural development, with special emphasis on the rural development of Serbia. The paper presents the results of an empirical study of the model of economic growth of rural areas in Serbia, based on the panel data analysis, during a five-year period. According to the results, human capital and entrepreneurship have a significant impact on economic growth. Additionally, there are significant differences in the rate of economic growth between the rural areas with high and low outdoor amenities in Serbia. Human capital and entrepreneurship are represented in the models of rural economy growth as determinants of the development mechanism through which rural economies grow.
The emphasized regional polarization of Serbia, which significantly exceeds the socially acceptable frameworks, is especially expressed in the relation North-South (between Belgrade and Novi Sad as ...two largest and most developed urban agglomerations at one side and the rest of the national territory, at the other). Similarly, there are disparities within the region, and between developed and undeveloped areas/municipalities. So, this indicates that there are multidimensional and layered regional imbalances in Serbia. The initial hypothesis about the presence of intraregional differences in our country is strongly confirmed by the results obtained in the analysis of the certain economic, social and demographic indicators (layered regional disparities). In this sense, another research assumption has been confirmed - the need for the subregional level (NUTS 3 level) redefinition within the policy of the Serbian regional development. The paper suggests that the existing subregionalization model (NUTS 3 level) of Serbia with 25 districts/areas (without Kosovo and Metohija) should be replaced by a new subregionalization of 12 NUTS 3 level areas, which in the following period should be given the role of an active actor of regional development process in Serbia.
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