Cancer risk in Korean patients with gout Oh, Yoon-Jeong; Lee, Yun Jong; Lee, Eunyoung ...
The Korean journal of internal medicine,
03/2022, Volume:
37, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Using a nationwide cohort, we investigated the cancer risk in Korean patients with gout.
Data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database. Patients with gout were defined ...as those aged ≥ 20 years who were diagnosed with gout and received anti-gout medication (allopurinol, colchicine, and benzbromarone) between 2008 and 2010. Patients with nail disorders were randomly assigned to a control group (1:1 ratio) after frequency matching for age and sex. Cancer incidence was then investigated between 2012 and 2018. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate the association between gout and cancer after adjusting for concomitant diseases.
This study included 179,930 patients with gout and an equal number of matched controls. The incidence of overall cancer was higher in patients with gout than in controls (incidence rate ratio, 1.08). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that gout was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.053 (95% confidence interval ,1.031 to 1.077) after adjusting for concomitant diseases.
Gout was associated with a significantly high risk of cancer, especially esophageal, stomach, colon, liver, pancreatic, lung, ovarian, renal, and bladder cancers.
The aim of this study is to compare the number of retrieved lymph nodes according to lymph node stations in laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) of the early experience of a new surgeon ...with that in open distal gastrectomy (ODG).
From May 2008 to August 2012, clinicopathologic data of gastric cancer patients subjected to LADG or ODG at a single institution by one surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. The surgeries were stratified as follows: early LADG (initial 30 LADGs), late LADG, and ODG. Station-specific counts of lymph nodes retrieved served for group comparisons.
Gender distribution (male:female ratio) was not different among the three groups (early LADG, 16:14; late LADG, 19:4; and ODG, 38:30). Mean lymph node retrieval in the early and late LADG groups (39.1 and 45.6, respectively) fell significantly below that of the ODG group (53.0) (P<.001). Compared with the ODG group, fewer station-specific lymph nodes were retrieved via LADG, both early (stations 3, 8a, and 11p) and late (station 11p).
Surgeons inexperienced in LADG for gastric cancer should be particularly diligent in lymph node dissection at stations 3, 8a, and 11p. Even with more experience (>30 LADGs), lymph node dissection at station 11p merits special attention.
Tissue remodeling contributes to ongoing inflammation and refractoriness of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). During this process, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in ...dysregulated remodeling and both
and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) may be engaged in the pathophysiology of CRS. This study aimed to determine the role of
and HSP47 in modulating transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT and migration in airway epithelial cells. Expression levels of
, HSP47, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and fibronectin were assessed through real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining.
(
) targeted against
and
were transfected to regulate the expression of EMT-related markers. Cell migration was evaluated with wound scratch and transwell migration assay.
mimic significantly inhibited the expression of HSP47 and TGF-β1-induced EMT-related markers in A549 cells. However, the
inhibitor more greatly induced the expression of them. HSP47 knockout suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT marker levels. Functional studies indicated that TGF-β1-induced EMT was regulated by
and HSP47 in A549 cells. These findings were further verified in primary nasal epithelial cells.
modulated TGF-β1-induced EMT-related markers and migration via HSP47 expression modulation in A549 and primary nasal epithelial cells. These results suggested the importance of
and HSP47 in pathologic tissue remodeling progression in CRS.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active component of propolis that has a variety of potential pharmacological effects. Although we previously demonstrated that propolis has ...antidepressant-like activity, the effect of CAPE on this activity remains unknown. The present study assessed whether treatment with CAPE (5, 10, and 20 µmol/kg for 21 days) has an antidepressant-like effect in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress via tail suspension (TST) and forced swim (FST) tests. CAPE administration induced behaviors consistent with an antidepressant effect, evidenced by decreased immobility in the TST and FST independent of any effect on serum corticosterone secretion. Western blots, conducted subsequent to behavioral assessment, revealed that CAPE significantly decreased glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation at S234 (pGR(S234)), resulting in an increased pGR(S220/S234) ratio. We also observed negative correlations between pGR(S220)/(S234) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) phosphorylation, which was decreased by CAPE treatment. These findings suggest that CAPE treatment exerts an antidepressant-like effect via downregulation of p38MAPK phosphorylation, thereby contributing to enhanced GR function.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) having three different lengths of 5, 30, and 100μm were added to silica-filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds in order to investigate the effect of the CNT addition ...on the dynamic and electrical properties. The amounts of CNTs were 1, 2, 4, and 7phr, while the amount of silica was set high at 80phr to clearly demonstrate the performance of the CNTs as fillers. The effect of CNTs on the silica-filled SBR compounds on the tensile properties is not significant, but the addition of longer CNTs with high loading severely deteriorated the dynamic properties, but considerably enhanced electrical conductivity. The medium loading of CNTs in silica-filled SBR compounds is suitable for the improvement of the electrical conductivity without severely sacrificing the dynamic properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
Background
The study investigated whether allogeneic human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) could be safely used without treatment-related adverse events, reducing tunnel ...enlargement, and improve clinical results in human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
Methods
Thirty patients were enrolled consecutively. They were divided into three groups by randomization. In the negative control group, ACL reconstruction surgery without additional treatment was performed. In the experimental group, a hUCB-MSC and hyaluronic acid mixture was applied to the tendon-bone interface of the femoral tunnels during ACL reconstruction surgery. In the positive control group, only hyaluronic acid was applied. Finally, 27 patients were analyzed after the exclusion of three patients. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events, clinical outcomes, including second-look arthroscopic findings, and the amount of tunnel enlargement, were evaluated.
Results
There were no treatment-related adverse events in the treatment groups. Tunnel enlargement in the experimental group (579.74 ± 389.85 mm
3
) was not significantly different from those in the negative (641.97 ± 455.84 mm
3
) and positive control (421.96 ± 274.83 mm
3
) groups (
p
= 0.6468). There were no significant differences between the groups in clinical outcomes such as KT-2000 measurement (
p
= 0.793), pivot shift test (
p
= 0.9245), International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score (
p
= 0.9195), Tegner activity level (
p
= 0.9927), and second-look arthroscopic findings (synovial coverage of the graft,
p
= 0.7984; condition of the graft,
p
= 0.8402).
Conclusions
Allogeneic hUCB-MSCs were used safely for ACL reconstruction without treatment-related adverse event in a 2-year follow-up. However, our study did not suggest any evidence to show clinical advantage such as the prevention of tunnel enlargement postoperatively and a decrease in knee laxity or improvement of clinical outcomes.
Trial registration
CRIS, Registration Number: KCT0000917. Registered on 12 November 2013;
https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp
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Background/Aims: Minor complications that might occur after colonoscopy, including abdominal discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation, could a barrier for patients to undergo a screening ...colonoscopy. In this study, we aimed to identify the effect of gut microbial diversity and composition on minor complications after colonoscopy.Methods: A total of 24 healthy subjects provided their stools before bowel preparation and on the 7th and 28th day after colonoscopy. On the 7th day after colonoscopy, the presence of minor complications was investigated using a questionnaire. We divided patients into 2 groups, the no complication group and complications group. The fecal microbial diversity, distribution, and composition were then compared between the groups.Results: Five of the 24 subjects reported that they had undergone minor complications after colonoscopy. Most of the symptoms were mild and self-limited, but 1 patient needed medication. Interestingly, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the initial stool samples before bowel preparation in the complication group was significantly higher than that in no complication group. After bowel preparation, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the complication group decreased, but not in the no complication group. The microbial diversity of the no complication group decreased after bowel preparation, but not in the complication group.Conclusions: The gut microbial composition and diversity before and after bowel preparation could be considered as one of the causes of minor complications after colonoscopy. Further studies are needed to delineate the role of gut microbiota in the occurrence of minor complications after colonoscopy.
Background/Aims: The molecular underpinnings of colorectal cancer (CRC) vary according to the tumor location. The advantages of a palliative primary tumor resection in patients with metastatic CRC ...are controversial. This study examined the survival outcomes of a palliative primary tumor resection based on the tumor location in patients with metastatic CRC. Methods: The medical records of 600 patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC between January 2000 and June 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients undergoing surgery for both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions were excluded. The clinical factors affecting the long-term outcomes were evaluated according to the primary tumor location, and the long-term survival was compared between patients with and without a palliative primary tumor resection. The data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and multivariate Cox regression models. Results: The median follow-up duration was 18 months (interquartile range, 10-28). Patients with right-sided CRC had a poor overall- and progression-free survival compared to those with left-sided CRC. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the palliative primary tumor resection was an independent prognostic factor predicting better overall survival in patients with metastatic CRC, regardless of the primary tumor location. Conclusions: The primary tumor location influences the prognosis, and that a primary tumor resection can improve the overall survival in patients with metastatic CRC, regardless of the primary tumor location.
Although not as common as foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract, rectal foreign body insertion is often encountered in emergency departments. The diverse types of rectal foreign bodies ...have led to various removal methods. When removing a foreign body, the first thing to consider is which method is the least invasive and safest for the patient. This paper reports the successful removal of a rectal foreign body from the rectum using the Valsalva maneuver without anesthesia in a patient.
In time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), the choice of the primary ion used for analysis can influence the resulting mass spectrum. This is because different primary ion types ...can produce different fragmentation pathways. In this study, analysis of single-component protein monolayers were performed using monatomic, triatomic, and polyatomic primary ion sources. Eight primary ions (Cs+, Au+, Au3 +, Bi+, Bi3 +, Bi3 ++, C60 +, and C60 ++) were used to examine the low mass (m/z < 200) fragmentation patterns from five different proteins (bovine serum albumin, bovine serum fibrinogen, bovine immunoglobulin G, and chicken egg white lysozyme) adsorbed onto mica surfaces. Principal component analysis (PCA) processing of the ToF-SIMS data showed that variation in peak intensity caused by the primary ions was greater than differences in protein composition. The spectra generated by Cs+, Au+, and Bi+ primary ions were similar, but the spectra generated by monatomic, triatomic, and polyatomic primary ions varied significantly. C60 primary ions increased fragmentation of the adsorbed proteins in the m/z < 200 region, resulting in more intense low m/z peaks. Thus, comparison of data obtained by one primary ion species with that obtained by another primary ion species should be done with caution. However, for the spectra generated using a given primary ion beam, discrimination between the spectra of different proteins followed similar trends. Therefore, a PCA model of proteins created with a given ion source should only be applied to data sets obtained using the same ion source. The type of information obtained from PCA depended on the peak set used. When only amino acid peaks were used, PCA was able to identify the relationship between proteins by their amino acid composition. When all peaks from m/z 12–200 were used, PCA separated proteins based on a ratio of C4H8N+ to K+ peak intensities. This ratio correlated with the thickness of the protein films, and Bi1 + primary ions produced the most surface sensitive spectra.
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