Without an adequate immune response, SARS-CoV2 virus can simply spread throughout the body of the host. Two of the well-known immunonutrients are selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn). Se and Zn deficiency ...might lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, and viral entry into the cells by decreasing ACE-2 expression; three factors that are proposed to be involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Thus, in the current study we aimed at evaluating the correlation between serum Se and Zn status and COVID-19 severity. Eighty-four COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this observational study. Patients were diagnosed based on an infectious disease specialist diagnosis, using WHO interim guidance and the recommendations of the Iranian National Committee of Covid-19. The patients with acute respiratory tract infection symptoms were checked for compatibility of chest computed tomography (CT) scan results with that of Covid-19 and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for corona virus infection. The severity of Covid-19 was categorized into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe) using CDC criteria. Serum Zn and Se level of all subjects was measured. The severity of the disease was determined only once at the onset of disease. According to the results of linear regression test, there was a significant association between Zn and Se level and COVID-19 severity (beta = - 0.28, P-value = 0.01 for Se; beta = - 0.26, P-value = 0.02). However the significance disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant negative association between serum Zn, Se and CRP level (r = - 0.35, P-value = 0.001 for Se; r = - 0.41, P-value < 0.001 for Zn).
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and its effect on adverse clinical outcomes, and parameters of immune function and mortality due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The ...hospital data of 235 patients infected with COVID-19 were analyzed.
Based on CDC criteria, among our study patients, 74% had severe COVID-19 infection and 32.8% were vitamin D sufficient. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a significant association between vitamin D sufficiency and reduction in clinical severity, inpatient mortality serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and an increase in lymphocyte percentage. Only 9.7% of patients older than 40 years who were vitamin D sufficient succumbed to the infection compared to 20% who had a circulating level of 25(OH)D< 30 ng/ml. The significant reduction in serum CRP, an inflammatory marker, along with increased lymphocytes percentage suggest that vitamin D sufficiency also may help modulate the immune response possibly by reducing risk for cytokine storm in response to this viral infection.
Therefore, it is recommended that improving vitamin D status in the general population and in particular hospitalized patients has a potential benefit in reducing the severity of morbidities and mortality associated with acquiring COVID-19.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Several biomarkers have been investigated to predict the biological behavior and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. We evaluated the role of two important markers including BCL2 and CK20 in ...evaluating the biological behavior of bladder tumors.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 30 patients suffering from one of the neoplasms of the bladder. To evaluate the expression of BCL2 and CK20 markers, the neoplastic tissue sample was initially extracted and immunohistochemistry staining was employed.
The positivity of CK20 and BCL2 in the patients’ specimens was found to be 53.3% and 10.0%, respectively. There was no association between CK20 and BCL2 expressions and tumor size, tumor stage, or tumor-related vascular invasion, but BCL2 expression was shown to be higher in the low-grade specimens, while the expression rate of CK20 was found to be significantly higher in high grade samples.
Evaluation of the expression of CK20 and BCL2 markers can be very valuable in predicting bladder tumor grade.
•Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary tract and is the ninth most common cancer in the world.•Identification of proliferative activity in tumors may be useful for predicting its biological behavior.•Evaluation of the expression of CK20 and BCL2 markers can be very valuable in predicting bladder tumor grade.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Introduction: Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancies. Despite the high prevalence and importance of prostate cancer, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression ...remain poorly understood.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 cases of prostatic carcinoma with different Gleason score referred to Sina hospital in Tehran in Iran in 2016. The gene expression was assessed by using the immunohistochemistry staining and PCR technique. Result: The presence of neoplasia on prostatic biopsy induced strong staining and increased in mRNA level of COX-2 expression when compared to normal tissue (P-Value >0.05). The expression is not well associated with different Gleason grades of prostatic carcinoma. Conclusion: The expression of COX-2 protein by immunohistochemistry staining and PCR technique in our study offers the valuable diagnostic information. Thus, we think this marker might be studied in larger series of patients for its further validation as diagnostic factor in prostate biopsies.
Urothelial neoplasm (UN) of bladder is a potentially lethal malignancy, particularly in locally advanced or metastatic cases. Development of molecular markers such as HER2 and Survivin may provide ...useful information on diagnosis and prognosis in UN of bladder.
We studied the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of HER2 and Survivin in 84 radical/partial cystectomy and transurethral resection (TUR) specimens with different histologic grades and stages. All samples were obtained from Pathology Department of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2018.
From the total number of 84 UN samples, 10 cases (11.9%) showed papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential, 30 cases (35.7%) presented with low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasm, and 44 cases (52.4%) diagnosed as high-grade papillary urothelial neoplasm. HER2 and Survivin expressions were seen in 44 (52.4%) (
=0.610) and 9 (10.7%) patients (
=0.046), respectively. Survivin expression showed a mild increase in high grade UN.
Our findings suggest that the IHC expression of Survivin and HER2 are not well associated with histological grades of urothelial neoplasms of bladder. This may be partly due to relatively small sample size and other factors such as patient characteristics or antibody specifications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and has a relatively poor prognosis. Lymph node involvement is considered the most important prognostic factor. Materials ...and Methods: During a retrospective cohort study, 132 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for resectable rectal cancer from 2010 to 2015 in Sina hospital were reviewed. Results: Multivariable analysis was performed and shown the clinical stage was not a representative factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.187), but Dworak Tumor Regression Grading were significantly associated with higher disease-free survival (P = 0.000) in stage II and stage III. The total number of retrieved lymph nodes and involved lymph nodes in the same clinical stage were statistically associated with higher mean disease-free survival in patients (P = 0.000 in both conditions). Conclusion: In the same clinical stage, increasing the Dworak Tumor Regression Grading reduced the risk of rectal cancer recurrence. Increasing total number of retrieved lymph nodes and involved lymph nodes, 2.14 times and 3.87 times increased the risk of recurrence, respectively.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To predict the aggressive behavior of the bladder tumor as well as the poor prognosis of the disease, the use of some biomarkers including β-catenin and E-cadherin related to the detachment of ...tumoral cells from its primary lesion can be very beneficial. We intended to evaluate the incidence of β-catenin and E-cadherin expression and their association with tumor biological behavior in patients suffering bladder neoplasms.
This cross-sectional study was done on 30 established bladder neoplasms on tissue assessment with evidence of malignancy on cystoscopic examination. Hematoxylin and Eosin stains were planned for pathological evaluation in terms of tumor biological behavior. Immunohistochemistry staining for two markers E-cadherin and β-catenin was done to evaluate gene expression.
Overall, β-catenin biomarker was expressed in nuclear in only one patient (3.3%), while abnormal E-Cadherin staining was revealed in none of the patients. The expression of these biomarkers was independent of tumor characteristics including vascular invasion, tumor size, tumor grade, and tumor stage (P-value>0.05).
The change in β-catenin and E-cadherin expression probably has a weak prognostic role in the prediction of the biological behavior in bladder neoplasms as well as the clinical outcomes of patients in our society.
•Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the urinary tract.•The invasion of malignancies related to some biomarkers including E-cadherin and β-catenin.•β-catenin and E-cadherin has a weak prognostic role in the prediction of prognosis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is a multifaceted malignancy with different histopathological and biological features. Molecular biomarkers play an essential role in ...accurate diagnosis, classification, prognosis, prediction of treatment response, and cancer surveillance. This study investigated the clinico-pathological and prognostic significance of HER3 and ROR1 in breast cancer samples.
Tissue microarrays (TMA) were constructed using tissue blocks of 444 Iranian breast cancer patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed after 5 years follow-up. TMA slides were stained with monoclonal antibodies against ROR1, HER3, ER, PR, Ki67, P53, HER2 and CK5/6 using IHC and correlation between the investigated tumor markers and the clinico-pathological parameters of patients were analyzed.
Our results showed a significant correlation between ROR1 and ER, PR, HER3, and CK5/6 expression. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between HER3 and ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 expression. Ki67 was also correlated with HER2 and P53 expression. HER3 expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion, and multifocal tumors. Furthermore, ROR1 expression was significantly associated with tumor metastasis, lympho-vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. While HER2-HER3 coexpression was significantly associated with poor OS, HER3-ROR1 coexpression was associated with lymph node invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis.
ROR1 and HER3 displayed significant association with different clinic-pathological features and in addition to the other tumor biomarkers could be considered as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer patients.
The expression pattern and prognostic significance of the tumor-associated antigens ROR1 and HER3 has not been extensively investigated in breast cancer. Here, we report the IHC results obtained for ROR1, HER3 and 6 other biomarkers in 444 breast cancer patients. Our findings revealed significant associations between the expression of ROR1 and HER3 and various clinico-pathological features, indicating their potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chondroma is a benign cartilaginous tumor. It is found very rarely in the head and neck.
This report describes a 25-year-old woman who presented with generalized headache from 4 months ago. The ...patient underwent excisional surgery. The histological examinations revealed benign cartilage forming tumor, compatible with chondroma. The radiologic and histologic correlation confirmed the diagnosis. Based on the diagnosis, the patient received no more treatment.
We concluded that intracranial chondroma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a calcified mass on skull imaging. Proper diagnosis is necessary for further patient management.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Backgrounds
Firm tumor consistency is one of the most important factors that impede sufficient removal of pituitary macroademoas via a transsphenoidal approach. The utility of diffusion-weighted (DW) ...magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the tumor consistency and successfulness of transsphenoidal resection was evaluated in this study.
Methods
Thirty consecutive primary cases of nonfunctional pituitary macroadenomas were prospectively enrolled. Conventional and DW MRI were done for all the patients and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the signal intensity of the solid tumor were determined. Intraoperative report of tumor consistency, the degree of fibrosis and percentage of collagen content were documented. The 8 weeks postoperative MRI was used for calculation of the tumor resection rate.
Results
The tumor consistency was soft in 10 patients (33.3 %), intermediate in 14 patients (46.7 %) and hard in 6 patients (20 %). The mean collagen content percentage was 10, 23.5 and 66 % (
p
= 0.009) and the average resection rate was 75, 43 39 % in the three groups respectively (
p
= 0.001). The mean ADC value was not significantly correlated with the tumor consistency and resection rate. Tumors with isointense to hyperintense signal on DW MRI were more commonly removable by suction and had higher resection rates than those with hypointense signals (
p
= 0.019). For ADC values within the range of 600–740 × 10
-3
mm
2
/s, a residual volume larger than 20 % of the tumor was more likely.
Conclusions
DW MRI was useful to predict the tumor consistency, collagen content and the chance of removal of pituitary macroadenomas through endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, and is recommended in the preoperative patient evaluation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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