This paper provides evidence of the causal effect of church attendance on petty crime by using quasi-random variation in the number of Sundays when it precipitated at the specific time of most ...religious services. Using a novel strategy, I find a narrow time window when most individuals attend church. Based on a panel between 1980 and 2016, I find that one more Sunday with precipitation at the time of church increases yearly drug-related, alcohol-related, and white-collar crimes. I do not find an effect for violent or property crimes. These effects are driven by more religious counties. Previous evidence showing negative effects of church attendance on the demand for alcohol and drugs is consistent with a demand-driven interpretation of the results presented.
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CEKLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The global increase in refugee flows and anti-migrant politics has made it increasingly urgent to understand when and how migration translates into anti-migrant sentiment. We study the mass exodus of ...Venezuelans across Latin America, which coincided with an unprecedented worsening in migrant sentiment in the countries that received the most Venezuelans. However, we find no evidence that this decrease occurred in the regions within-country that received the most migrants. We do this using multiple migrant sentiment outcomes including survey measures and social media posts, multiple levels of geographic variation across seven Latin American countries, and an instrumental variable strategy. We find little evidence for heterogeneity along a range of characteristics related to labor market competition, public good scarcity, or crime. The results are consistent with anti-migrant sentiment being a national-level phenomenon, divorced from local experiences with migrants.
•Anti-migrant sentiment worsened after the mass Venezuelan exodus across Latin America•This study tests if exposure to within-county in-migration drives these effects•It uses migrant sentiment outcomes from surveys and social media posts.•It uses geographic variation in seven Latin American countries using an IV strategy•It finds that regions that receive more migrants do not respond more negatively
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
La gran diversidad de acepciones que tiene el término economía neoclásica ha generado gran confusión entre los economistas y entre los estudiantes de economía. Dadas las implicaciones que tiene la ...utilización del lenguaje en la construcción y la enseñanza del conocimiento, es fundamental precisar de qué se habla cuando se hace referencia al término neoclásico. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que el término neoclásico no debería utilizarse con el fin de definir el cuerpo de ideas de la corriente principal sino, como lo emplean los historiadores de las ideas económicas, para describir el periodo comprendido entre 1870 y 1930.
This dissertation consists of three studies on the economics of the media and informal institutions. The first essay seeks to understand how do local news outlets cover crime, and what are the ...effects of said coverage on housing markets. By linking almost the universe of individual homicides to individual stories in the news, this paper estimates the bias in coverage of crime news by local TV outlets in the United States. This paper finds evidence of substantial biases in the coverage of homicides along race (victim and suspect) and wealth: inter-racial crime is substantially over-covered; white-on-white crime is under-covered; and richer neighborhoods get substantially more coverage. I find that race bias depends on the media market demographics, with stations in markets with a higher Black share having less over-coverage of inter-racial homicides and higher coverage of nonwhite intra-race crimes. I also find that, controlling for market size, within-market variation of bias increases with the number of stations. I propose a simple model of horizontal differentiation that captures these results, suggesting that stations are catering to the largest demographic group. Lastly, I evaluate the impact of crime coverage on housing prices using an instrumental variable strategy based on sporting events, which crowd out crime news. The results show that bias in crime coverage puts downward pressure on housing prices in minority neighborhoods. The second chapter provides evidence of the causal effect of church attendance on petty crime by using quasi-random variation in the number of Sundays when it precipitated at the specific time of most religious services. Using a novel strategy, I find a narrow time window when most individuals attend church. Based on a panel between 1980 and 2016, I find that one more Sunday with precipitation at the time of church increases yearly drug-related, alcohol-related and white-collar crimes. I do not find an effect for violent or property crimes. These effects are driven by more religious counties. Previous evidence showing negative effects of church attendance on the demand for alcohol and drugs is consistent with a demand-driven interpretation of the results presented. The third chapter investigates the effect of mass migration on trust towards foreigners. We combine an instrumental variable approach with a nationwide survey on social preferences to study the effect of the Venezuelan exodus into Colombia. We find that migrants sort into more trusting locations, but there is no average causal effect of immigration on trust. However, immigration increases trust in foreigners in municipalities that are more urbanized, have better public goods provision and where natives and foreigners are less residentially segregated. Given appropriate conditions, proximity to immigrants does not drive anti-immigrant sentiment and can in fact improve cooperative attitudes.
En este trabajo se evalúa a nivel empírico, a partir de las discusiones teóricas, el posible impacto de la religión en el desarrollo económico, específicamente sobre el IDH. La relación entre ...religión y desarrollo no ha sido muy estudiada empíricamente, y con esta investigación se propone cubrir en parte esa falencia. Con dicha finalidad se utilizan datos de un panel internacional en el periodo 1990-2005, por medio de mínimos cuadrados en tres etapas. Los resultados soportan la tesis de que la religión tiene impacto en el desarrollo económico, pero la creencia religiosa específica tiene distintos efectos. Los efectos de la religión en el desarrollo económico se han resaltado desde Weber (1905 1930), dada su posible influencia sobre el desarrollo económico. El trabajo empírico más completo es el de Barro y McCleary (2002), el cual busca evaluar el impacto de la religión en el crecimiento económico, controlando por una serie de variables. Este análisis lleva a apoyar la tesis de Hitchens (2008) de que la creencia en el cielo puede tener impacto negativo sobre el desarrollo y bienestar de la sociedad, y la amenaza de un castigo, como el infierno, genera comportamientos positivos.
This paper studies the language used in television news broadcasts to describe police killings in the United States from 2013-19. We begin by documenting that the media is significantly more likely ...to use several language structures - e.g., passive voice, nominalization, intransitive verbs - that obfuscate responsibility for police killings compared to civilian homicides. We next use an online experiment to test whether these language differences matter. Participants are less likely to hold a police officer morally responsible for a killing and to demand penalties after reading a story that uses obfuscatory language. In the experiment, the language used in the story matters more when the decedent is not reported to be armed, prompting a final research question: is media obfuscation more common in high leverage circumstances, when the public might be more inclined to judge the police harshly? Returning to the news data, we find that news broadcasts are indeed especially likely to use obfuscatory language structures when the decedent was unarmed or when body camera video is available. Through this important case study, our paper highlights the importance of incorporating the semantic structure of language, in addition to the amount and slant of coverage, in analyses of how the media shapes perceptions.
This paper studies the language used in television news broadcasts to describe police killings in the United States from 2013-19. We begin by documenting that the media is significantly more likely ...to use several language structures - e.g., passive voice, nominalization, intransitive verbs - that obfuscate responsibility for police killings compared to civilian homicides. We next use an online experiment to test whether these language differences matter. Participants are less likely to hold a police officer morally responsible for a killing and to demand penalties after reading a story that uses obfuscatory language. In the experiment, the language used in the story matters more when the decedent is not reported to be armed, prompting a final research question: is media obfuscation more common in high leverage circumstances, when the public might be more inclined to judge the police harshly? Returning to the news data, we find that news broadcasts are indeed especially likely to use obfuscatory language structures when the decedent was unarmed or when body camera video is available. Through this important case study, our paper highlights the importance of incorporating the semantic structure of language, in addition to the amount and slant of coverage, in analyses of how the media shapes perceptions.
Abstract
Expression Atlas is EMBL-EBI’s resource for gene and protein expression. It sources and compiles data on the abundance and localisation of RNA and proteins in various biological systems and ...contexts and provides open access to this data for the research community. With the increased availability of single cell RNA-Seq datasets in the public archives, we have now extended Expression Atlas with a new added-value service to display gene expression in single cells. Single Cell Expression Atlas was launched in 2018 and currently includes 123 single cell RNA-Seq studies from 12 species. The website can be searched by genes within or across species to reveal experiments, tissues and cell types where this gene is expressed or under which conditions it is a marker gene. Within each study, cells can be visualized using a pre-calculated t-SNE plot and can be coloured by different features or by cell clusters based on gene expression. Within each experiment, there are links to downloadable files, such as RNA quantification matrices, clustering results, reports on protocols and associated metadata, such as assigned cell types.
The authors report interim results of the WHO Solidarity trial of four repurposed antiviral drugs — remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a — in patients hospitalized with ...Covid-19. Effects on overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay are compared.
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