According to the social changes in the 1990s, livestock population in Mongolia is rapidly increasing, resulting in overgrazing and subsequent degradation of the grasslands. However, little is known ...about the quantitative food habits of Mongolian livestock. We evaluated the food habits of horses, cattle, and sheep and goats in the forest–steppe zone of northern Mongolia by fecal analysis. We compared fecal compositions at a valley (Place 1) and a riverside (Place 2). Place 1 consisted mainly of Stipa-dominated slopes (93%) while Place 2 comprised Stipa-dominated slopes (77%) and Carex-dominated alluvial flats (23%). Horse feces were dominated by graminoids (60%–70% graminoids), with a high percentage of Carex (30%–40%). Stipa accounted for about 20%–40% in the cattle feces. Sheep and goat feces contained about 30% Stipa and about 40% culms. These results suggest that the food habits of the livestock were affected more by animal characteristics than habitats. The high Carex content in the horse feces occurred because horses roamed freely and could visit Carex swards. Cattle moved near the gers (tent houses) and returned every evening, and it was difficult for them to visit far away Carex swards. Sheep-goats were herded and often grazed on steeper slopes than cattle and horses, explaining the large proportion of culms and small proportion of Carex in the feces. Quantitative food habit studies of livestock is useful for the grassland management of arid regions.
•Horses selectively fed on sedges, growing at humid habitats.•Cattle non-selectively fed on Stipa leaves which were most abundant.•Foods of sheep and goats were similar to those of cattle.•Foods of livestock were more affected by livestock types than places.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive goal achievement rate for office blood pressure (OBP) and the rate of clinical inertia (inertia) as factors for non-achievement in ...hypertensive patients in 2020. After documenting these results in the medical records, we observed changes in the achievement rate of the OBP goals in 2020 and 2022. Methods In Study 1, the participants were 517 outpatients (mean age 68.6±13.2 years, 54% women) who visited the Division of Hypertension regularly between March and September 2020. We investigated the achievement rate of OBP goals during that period and confirmed the prevalence of inertia as a possible factor for failure to achieve OBP goals. In Study 2, the participants were 308 who visited the division, and who had at least one condition for which an OBP of <130/80 should be targeted in both 2020 and 2022 (mean age 66.6±12.4 years, 50% of women in 2020). We investigated the trends in the achievement of OBP for the same period in both years. Results The rate of achievement of the OBP goals in 2020 was 48%. Inertia accounted for 14% of the non-achievement factors. The OBP significantly decreased in 2022 in comparison to 2020. The achievement rate of OBP goals showed an increasing trend from 45% in 2020 to 52% in 2022. Conclusion Attending physicians' awareness of unmet antihypertensive goals can help them overcome inertia and improve blood pressure control in patients.
OBJECTIVE:Higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which may be confounded by comorbidities. We investigated the effects of serum uric acid ...on the risk of hypertension in Japanese men at a worksite.
METHODS:We evaluated a total of 2335 Japanese male workers without hypertension who ranged in age from 18 to 64 years at a worksite in 2009. These men were followed for 6 years from 2009 to 2015.
RESULTS:During the follow-up period, 380 individuals developed hypertension. The odds ratio for the incident hypertension was estimated according to quartiles of serum uric acid levels of 5.1 or less, 5.2–5.8, 5.9–6.6, and at least 6.7 mg/dl. The multivariable-adjusted risk of incident hypertension was significantly higher in the highest serum uric acid quartile than in the lowestodds ratio 1.00 (reference) for the lowest quartile, 1.34 (0.91–1.97) for the second quartile, 1.42 (0.97–2.06) for the third quartile, and 1.65 (1.14–2.40) for the highest quartile. In stratified analyses, the association between serum uric acid and incident hypertension was significant in the patients of aged below 45 years and without comorbidities, namely diabetes and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
CONCLUSIONS:Serum uric acid levels were associated with the future incidence of hypertension, and the association was observed in the younger individuals, those without diabetes, and those with preserved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in a worksite population of Japanese men.
Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. The effects on long-term BPV of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are not yet known. We evaluated a total of ...1653 Japanese male workers (18-69 years) at a work site to diagnose OSA, and we divided them into three groups: non-OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): < 5, n = 1414), mild-to-moderate OSA (5 ≤ AHI < 30: n = 131) and severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30: n = 108). The standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the subjects' BPV were calculated by using their annual blood pressure measurements at routine physical examinations from 2012 to 2015 (four measurements). The multivariable-adjusted BPV of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in the severe-OSA group compared to the non-OSA group. A multiple regression analysis also revealed that OSA was positively associated with BPV of SBP. We focused on the mild-to-moderate OSA group to evaluate the association of OSA treatment with BPV, because most of the severe-OSA subjects were being treated with continuous positive airway pressure or an oral appliance. The BPV of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in the treated subjects. These findings suggest that OSA is associated with increases in long-term BPV which was improved by the treatment of OSA in Japanese men of a work-site population.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The management of grassland is important in Mongolia. In order to evaluate the effects of grazing on grassland, plant and plant communities outside and inside the experimental grazing-free fences at ...the riverside of the Orkhon River and on the flat place at Mogod Sum (County), Bulgan Aimag (Province), north-central Mongolia, were compared based on the growth form. The fences (size: 5 m × 5 m, height: 1.5 m) were established in May, 2014 and the plants were surveyed in August. The riverside was dominated by Carex duriuscula, a productive sedge, under heavy livestock grazing. Tall tufted type (Tt) plants were more abundant inside the fence. On the flat place, Tt type plants, such as Stipa krylovii and Leymus chinensis, and short tufted type (Ts) plants grew, showing a higher plant diversity. By eliminating grazing using fences, plants of Tt, Er (erect type), and Br (branched type) types were more abundant inside the fences than outside. The amounts of smaller plants including Ts, Pr (prostrate), Ro (rosette) types were not greatly different between inside and outside the fences. Tufted type plants (Tt, Ts) were more abundant inside the fences than outside probably because of their ability of tillering. From these responses, we concluded that the growth form is useful to evaluate the effects of grazing on grassland.
DEP domain-containing 1B (DEPDC1B) is involved in the regulation of cell de-adhesion and actin cytoskeleton activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle, and its overexpression has been ...proven to be associated with cancer progression in several human cancers. Canine DEPDC1B was identified as a gene that was overexpressed in canine lymphoma tissues in our previous study. However, in dogs, the protein expression of DEPDC1B remains to be determined due to the lack of a specific monoclonal antibody. Here, we developed rat monoclonal antibodies against canine DEPDC1B and characterized their applicability for immunodetection assays. Our findings demonstrated that these antibodies are functional and can be important tools to investigate the precise role of DEPDC1B in canine tumors.
Overgrazing of grasslands in the Mongolian steppes resulting from a transition from pastoral to sedentary livestock production has led to significant changes in plant communities. This study aimed to ...show how livestock grazing affects steppe vegetation in northern Mongolia by a good example of a long‐termed exclusion of grazing. The Bulgan Airport in northern Mongolia has been fenced since the 1950s and thus is suitable to compare grazed and ungrazed plant communities. We studied plots both inside and outside the fence with reference to community structure, species composition and growth form. Plant biomass for the outside plots averaged (40 g m−2) less than one‐seventh of that inside the fence (305 g m−2) and average species number per plot was about half of that inside the fence. Height of plants inside the fence ranged from the ground surface to 30–40 cm, whereas most of the plants outside were less than 10 cm tall. Erect, branched and tall tussock form plants were reduced outside the fence and short tussock and prostrate form plants became dominant. Microtopography resulted in different dominant plants inside the fence whereas only Carex duriuscula, a sedge and Potentilla acaulis, a short growing prostrate forb, prevailed outside. That is, grazing as a factor affecting plant communities prevailed and “masked” microtopography outside the fence. It was shown that the use of growth form is effective to evaluate vegetation changes by grazing.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To consider the sustainable use of Mongolian grasslands, where multiple nomads use the same space, simultaneous observation of multiple domestic animals is important. We compared home ranges and ...utilized distributions of different temporal scales between 2 domestic horses, which owned by neighboring nomads, in a famous region of airag (fermented horse milk) production, using GPS data collected for more than 1.5 years. Utilized distributions were largely overlapped between the first and second year for the domestic horses, but the overlap between the horses within the same month was smaller. Different pasturing strategies between the neighboring nomads was also suggested. Comparative studies of various sympatric animals using simultaneous GPS tracking will be useful for research on sustainable nomadic pastoralism.
Traditional
(fermented mare's milk) is a sour, slightly alcoholic drink handmade by Mongolian nomads. As
is not heated after production, the fermentation continues to proceed and the taste changes ...rapidly. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of the sensory taste evaluation of
with some properties-electrical conductivity (EC), pH and concentrations of macro minerals (calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na))-of
. We held an
contest in Mogod county, one of the most famous
production areas, in order to collect samples of
for the analysis of
properties and to conduct an
taste evaluation by Mongolian people. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the EC-value was related to the evaluation score of
. Except for EC, no statistically significant relationship between the taste score and the other properties was found in this study. It was concluded that the EC-value would be a simple measurement indicator for evaluating the quality of
on site.
In order to achieve a quiet cabin, reducing wind noise level is important. Especially, underbody wind noise mainly contributes to interior noise in mid frequencies. Aero–vibro–acoustic coupling ...simulations have been performed to research the mechanism of automobile underbody wind noise. The external flow and acoustical fields were simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics. And the vehicle structure vibrations and the interior sound fields were analyzed by Finite Element Method. As a result, the mass law pass is dominant above 200 Hz. In addition, it is concluded that an engine under cover is useful to reduce interior noise level.
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