ABSTRACT
We present Herschel PACS spectroscopy of the O iii 88.4 μm fine-structure line in the nearby WC8+O binary system γ Vel to determine its oxygen abundance. The critical density of this line ...corresponds to several 105R* such that it is spatially extended in PACS observations at the 336 pc distance to γ Vel. Two approaches are used, the first involving a detailed stellar atmosphere analysis of γ Vel using cmfgen, extending to Ne ∼ 100 cm−3 in order to fully sample the line formation region of O iii 88.4 $\mu$m. The second approach involves the analytical model introduced by Barlow et al. and revised by Dessart et al., additionally exploiting ISO LWS spectroscopy of O iii 51.8 $\mu$m. We obtain higher luminosities for the WR and O components of γ Vel with respect to De Marco et al., log L/L⊙ = 5.31 and 5.56, respectively, primarily due to the revised (higher) interferometric distance. We obtain an oxygen mass fraction of XO = 1.0 ± 0.3 per cent for an outer wind volume filling factor of f = 0.5 ± 0.25, favouring either standard or slightly reduced Kunz et al. rates for the 12C(α, γ)16O reaction from comparison with BPASS binary population synthesis models. We also revisit neon and sulphur abundances in the outer wind of γ Vel from ISO SWS spectroscopy of S iv 10.5 $\mu$m, Ne ii 12.8 $\mu$m, and Ne iii 15.5 $\mu$m. The inferred neon abundance XNe = 2.0$_{-0.6}^{+0.4}$ per cent is in excellent agreement with BPASS predictions, while the sulphur abundance of XS = 0.04 ± 0.01 per cent agrees with the solar abundance, as expected for unprocessed elements.
BACKGROUND We sought to compare metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) as predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in middle-aged ...men. METHODS A prospective study of 5128 men aged 40 to 59 years with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (CHD or stroke) or DM2 drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and observed for 20 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of 3 or more metabolic abnormalities based on modified National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. RESULTS Men with MetS at baseline (26%) showed significantly higher relative risk (RR) than men without MetS of developing CHD (RR, 1.64; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.41-1.90), stroke (RR, 1.61 95% CI, 1.26-2.06), and DM2 (RR, 3.57; 95% CI, 2.83-4.50). The probability of developing CVD or DM2 over 20 years increased from 11.9% in those with no abnormalities to 31.2% in those with 3 abnormalities to 40.8% in those with 4 or 5 abnormalities. The FRS was a better predictor of CHD and stroke than MetS but was less predictive of DM2. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for FRS vs the number of metabolic abnormalities were 0.68 vs 0.59 for CHD, 0.60 vs 0.70 for DM2, and 0.66 vs 0.55 for stroke (P<.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS Presence of MetS is a significant predictor of CVD and DM2 but is a stronger predictor of DM2 than of CHD. Although MetS does not predict CHD as well as the FRS, it serves well as a simple clinical tool for identifying high-risk subjects predisposed to CVD or DM2.Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:2644-2650-->
η Car is one of the most luminous and massive stars in our Galaxy and is the brightest mid-IR source in the sky outside our solar system. Since the late 1990s, the central source has dramatically ...brightened at UV and optical wavelengths. This might be explained by a decrease in circumstellar dust extinction. We aim to establish the mid-IR flux evolution and further our understanding of the star’s UV and optical brightening. Mid-IR images from 8−20 μm were obtained in 2018 with VISIR at the Very Large Telescope. Archival data from 2003 and 2005 were retrieved from the ESO Science Archive Facility, and historical records were collected from publications. We present mid-IR images of η Car with the highest angular resolution to date at the corresponding wavelengths (≥0.22″). We reconstruct the mid-IR evolution of the spectral energy distribution of the spatially integrated Homunculus nebula from 1968 to 2018 and find no long-term changes. The bolometric luminosity of η Car has been stable over the past five decades. We do not observe a long-term decrease in the mid-IR flux densities that could be associated with the brightening at UV and optical wavelengths, but circumstellar dust must be declining in our line of sight alone. Short-term flux variations within about 25% of the mean levels could be present.
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FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Intercritically tempered (5–9)Ni steels are toughened by the introduction of islands of precipitated austenite along the boundaries of dislocated martensite laths. The interlath islands of ...precipitated austenite transform to martensite under the stress field ahead of a cleavage crack. Since the fresh martensite is a different crystallographic variant than that of the surrounding packets, it efficiently refines the effective grain size for transgranular cleavage. A straightforward calculation shows that this behavior is dictated by the need to minimize the elastic strain energy of the fresh martensite.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The 2023 Match marks 5 years since the Musculoskeletal (MSK) Radiology Fellowship Match first took place in June 2019. The objective of this study is to analyze trends in the MSK Match over its ...5-year course.
Data from the National Resident Matching Program were evaluated for the number of applicants, medical school type of matched applicants, number of programs, and number of positions. Programs were grouped according to geographic region, program size, and ACGME accreditation status. These data were plotted to look for trends over time and by program characteristics.
There has been little variation in the number of eligible programs registering for the Match (range 80-83). The number of available positions has had a wider variation (range 204-218), and the number of applicants preferring MSK has varied from 156 to 178. The gap between positions and applicants has resulted in a percentage of positions filled that has ranged from 70.9% to 82.4%. Program size is positively correlated with Match rates, with 100% of programs with five or more positions filling ≥ 50% in 4 out of 5 years.
The variable numbers of fellowship positions and applicants have resulted in variable success of the Match by all metrics. Maintaining or increasing the number of applicants is the most critical factor for ongoing Match success.
Spontaneous neoplasm rates were determined for control Fischer 344 (F344) rats and B6C3F, mice from 2-yr rodent carcinogenicity studies carried out by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). The most ...frequently occurring neoplasms in untreated male F344 rats were testicular adenoma (89.1%), mononuclear cell leukemia (50.5%), adrenal gland pheochromocytoma (31.9%), and pituitary gland neoplasms (30.4%). For untreated female F344 rats, the most frequently occurring neoplasms were pituitary gland neoplasms (54.2%), mammary gland fibroadenoma (41.2%), and mononuclear cell leukemia (28.1%). The most frequently occurring neoplasms in untreated male B6C3F, mice were liver adenoma/carcinoma (42.2%), lung adenoma/carcinoma (20.5%), and malignant lymphoma (8.3%). For untreated female B6C3F, mice, the most frequently occurring neoplasms were liver adenoma/carcinoma (23.6%), malignant lymphoma (20.9%), and pituitary gland adenoma/carcinoma (1.4.8%). The tumor rates observed in feeding study (untreated) and inhalation study (chamber) control rats were generally similar. The major exceptions were pituitary gland tumors and testicular adenoma in male F344 rats. The overall incidence of testicular adenoma was much lower in chamber controls (69.4%) than in feeding study controls (89.1%), whereas pituitary gland neoplasms showed the opposite trend (60.7% vs 30.4%). The most likely explanation for this difference is related to the individual housing of chamber controls and the group housing of feeding study controls. Differences in diagnostic criteria may influence reported tumor rates. To ensure consistency and comparability of tumor diagnosis from study to study, the NTP uses rigorous histopathology quality assurance and peer review procedures. Biological factors such as body weight may also affect tumor incidence. For example, increased body weights are associated with increased incidences of certain site-specific neoplasms, especially pituitary gland and mammary gland neoplasms in rats and liver tumors in mice. The presence of Helicobacter hepaticus has been associated with an increased incidence of liver neoplasms in male B6C3F, mice. Other factors that may produce differences in control tumor rates from study to study include diet, environmental factors, genetic drift, study duration, and survival differences. The NTP database provides historical control data that may be useful in the evaluation of possible chemically related changes in tumor incidence. However, it is essential that the study being evaluated be comparable to those in the NTP database with respect to those factors that are known to influence tumor occurrence.
IMPORTANCE: People with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have excess rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk prediction models validated for the general ...population may not accurately estimate cardiovascular risk in this group. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a risk model exclusive to predicting CVD events in people with SMI incorporating established cardiovascular risk factors and additional variables. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We used anonymous/deidentified data collected between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2010, from the Health Improvement Network (THIN) to conduct a primary care, prospective cohort and risk score development study in the United Kingdom. Participants included 38 824 people with a diagnosis of SMI (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other nonorganic psychosis) aged 30 to 90 years. During a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 2324 CVD events (6.0%) occurred. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Ten-year risk of the first cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular accidents, or major coronary surgery). Predictors included age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, social deprivation, SMI diagnosis, prescriptions for antidepressants and antipsychotics, and reports of heavy alcohol use. RESULTS: We developed 2 CVD risk prediction models for people with SMI: the PRIMROSE BMI model and the PRIMROSE lipid model. These models mutually excluded lipids and BMI. In terms of discrimination, from cross-validations for men, the PRIMROSE lipid model D statistic was 1.92 (95% CI, 1.80-2.03) and C statistic was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.83) compared with 1.74 (95% CI, 1.63-1.86) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.75-0.82) for published Cox Framingham risk scores. The corresponding results in women were 1.87 (95% CI, 1.76-1.98) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76-0.82) for the PRIMROSE lipid model and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.48-1.68) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.73-0.81) for the Cox Framingham model. Discrimination statistics for the PRIMROSE BMI model were comparable to those for the PRIMROSE lipid model. Calibration plots suggested that both PRIMROSE models were superior to the Cox Framingham models. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The PRIMROSE BMI and lipid CVD risk prediction models performed better in SMI compared with models that include only established CVD risk factors. Further work on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the PRIMROSE models is needed to ascertain the best thresholds for offering CVD interventions.
Chondroblastoma-like Osteosarcoma Hmada, Youssef Al; Bernieh, Anas; Morris, Robert W ...
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine,
01/2020, Volume:
144, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma is an exceedingly rare variant of osteosarcoma, with 22 cases reported in the English-language literature. The tumor is slightly more common in males, with a broad ...age range (from childhood to elderly). The most commonly involved bones are the metatarsus and tibia, followed by the femur. Most tumors have malignant or worrisome radiographic findings. Prognosis is variable, depending on the presence or absence of lung metastases, local recurrence, and probably tumor location. Histologically, chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma is characterized by monotonous, minimally to moderately atypical rounded cells with ovoid nuclei resembling chondroblastoma, and abnormal osteoid deposition with destruction of the bone.
To review the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma.
PubMed-published chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma cases in the English-language literature.
Although exceedingly rare, chondroblastoma-like osteosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chondroblastoma, especially in the presence of radiologic findings suggestive of an aggressive lesion.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Certain dynamical models of competition are shown to have a unique invariant hypersurface Σ, having simple geometry and topology, such that every non-zero tractory is asymptotic to a trajectory in Σ.
The corrosion behaviour of reinforcing steel bars (rebars) in four different concrete mix designs commonly used at coastal cities in Argentina is studied. The investigation has two basic objectives: ...(1) to evaluate the influence of certain local variables that affect the rebar corrosion process, among which the common practice of using sea sand as a fine aggregate, exposure conditions and typical mix designs are the most important, and (2) to establish a rebar corrosion evaluation criterion based on measurements of concrete electrical resistivity. Two exposure conditions were investigated: seashore environment and partially immersed in a saline solution. Two water to cements and various chloride ions additions were selected for the study. Electrochemical parameters characteristic of the corrosion process were evaluated together with mechanical, chemical and physical properties of the concrete mixes. Rebars in contact with a good quality concrete (
f
c≈30 MPa) exposed for 1000 days to the seashore environment remained in the passive state, even when its surface chloride concentration reached 0.75% with respect to cement content. This behaviour was even better than that observed on a standard-quality uncontaminated concrete (
f
c≈20 MPa). When immersed in a saline solution, all rebar segments presented an active behaviour (
E
corr<−0.35 V vs. copper sulphate electrode and
i
corr
>0.2
μA
cm
−2
), although the CR depended primarily on the concrete quality and the initial chloride concentration. The electrical resistivity of concrete has proven to be an effective parameter to evaluate the risk of reinforcing steel corrosion independently of mix design and exposure condition. Rebars are likely to achieve an active state of corrosion when
ρ is lower than 10 kΩ
cm, and likely to present a passive behaviour when concrete resistivity is higher than 30 kΩ
cm.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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