We are 52 Black scientists. Here, we establish the context of Juneteenth in STEMM and discuss the barriers Black scientists face, the struggles they endure, and the lack of recognition they receive. ...We review racism’s history in science and provide institutional-level solutions to reduce the burdens on Black scientists.
We are 52 Black scientists. Here, we establish the context of Juneteenth in STEMM and discuss the barriers Black scientists face, the struggles they endure, and the lack of recognition they receive. We review racism’s history in science and provide institutional-level solutions to reduce the burdens on Black scientists.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Metastatic melanoma in the liver has carried an extremely poor prognosis regardless of therapy. Because transient responses (1/6 disease regressions and 2/6 disease stabilizations for four months) in ...selected patients treated with intraarterial (IA) DTIC infusion were encouraging and because localized hyperthermia may be both tumoricidal and synergistic with chemotherapy, these modalities were combined for treatment of patients with advanced liver metastases. Of 10 patients treated with IA‐DTIC plus heat, three (30%) had disease regression and five (50%) had disease stabilization for 3–14 months (median 6.5 months) and survived 3.5–18 months (median 8.5 months). During treatment, 4/5 patients had pain relief and 7/10 retained or acquired normal activities. Myelosuppression was minimal and no hyperthermia toxicity occurred. A retrospective review of 10 patients with similar disease levels who were treated with conventional intravenous (IV)‐DTIC indicated no responses, and no responses were seen in five patients treated with IV‐DTIC plus heat. However, this latter group may have been selected patients due to the inability to place a percutaneous hepatic artery infusion catheter. This pilot study suggests that combination IA‐DTIC and hyperthermia has a high response rate, is safe, and can provide quality survival for many patients.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The clinical usefulness of the soft agar colony‐formation assay of in vitro chemosensitivity developed by Hamburger and Salmon is limited by long turnaround time (2‐3 weeks), low success rate for ...small specimens, and clumping artifacts that can lead to erroneous predictions of resistance (false‐negative errors). An improved technique was developed for measuring in vitro growth by incorporation of tritiated thymidine that can be performed in 5 days. With this rapid assay, 819 tumors were processed, with an overall success rate of 59.3%. This result compared favorably to the overall success rate of 58.2% for 1591 colony‐formation assays because more small specimens could be submitted for the rapid assay. Melanoma and ovarian cancer specimens grew particularly well (76% and 75% successful, respectfully). Sixty‐five correlations of in vitro and in vivo responses are available to date. None of 30 tumors, predicted to be resistant in vitro responded to chemotherapy clinically. Patients whose tumors were predicted to be sensitive in vitro had a 43% clinical response rate. The assay appears to be particularly accurate for predicting clinical resistance to chemotherapy, possibly because clumping artifacts do not occur in this system and peak achievable plasma concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents can be used. Optimal in vitro drug concentrations and culture conditions are still being defined, and improved success rates are being seen with more recent specimens. The introduction of this technique underscores the fact that in vitro chemosensitivity tests must continuously evolve to maximize their clinical application. Cancer 55:1367‐1371, 1985.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Immunotherapy is associated with durable clinical benefit in patients with melanoma. The goal of this article is to provide evidence-based consensus recommendations for the use of immunotherapy in ...the clinical management of patients with high-risk and advanced-stage melanoma in the USA. To achieve this goal, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer sponsored a panel of melanoma experts--including physicians, nurses, and patient advocates--to develop a consensus for the clinical application of tumour immunotherapy for patients with melanoma. The Institute of Medicine clinical practice guidelines were used as a basis for this consensus development. A systematic literature search was performed for high-impact studies in English between 1992 and 2012 and was supplemented as appropriate by the panel. This consensus report focuses on issues related to patient selection, toxicity management, clinical end points and sequencing or combination of therapy. The literature review and consensus panel voting and discussion were used to generate recommendations for the use of immunotherapy in patients with melanoma, and to assess and rate the strength of the supporting evidence. From the peer-reviewed literature the consensus panel identified a role for interferon-α2b, pegylated-interferon-α2b, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and ipilimumab in the clinical management of melanoma. Expert recommendations for how to incorporate these agents into the therapeutic approach to melanoma are provided in this consensus statement. Tumour immunotherapy is a useful therapeutic strategy in the management of patients with melanoma and evidence-based consensus recommendations for clinical integration are provided and will be updated as warranted.
A tumor-associated antigen (TAA) was isolated from spent culture medium of human melanoma cell line UCLA-SO-M14 (M14). After radioiodination and further purification, it was used in a ...radioimmunoassay (RIA). When tested in RIA for anti-TAA activity, 56% (111/200) of sera from melanoma patients, 21% (21/100) of sera from sarcoma patients, and 19% (19/100) of sera from carcinoma patients, as well as 12% (6/50) sera from pregnant women and 10% (10/100) apparently normal sera, were positive. The variations (0.25-3.8 micrograms/mg total protein) in specific TAA activity in 20 different batches of spent media collected for 18 months exhibited patterns of gradual increases and decreases, suggesting a cell growth cycle-related phenomenon. Binding between the allogeneic antibody and 125I-labeled TAA was inhibited by 70% (32/47) of melanoma spent media and cells (from culture or biopsy). Conversely, only 7% (3/33) spent medium or membrane extracts of other tumor cells and 0% (1/69) of human normal, fetal, or placental cells were positive in competitive RIA. The TAA was immunologically different from normal tissue antigens, blood-group antigens, human leukocyte antigens, and microbial antigens. These immunobiologic properties of the TAA isolated from M14 spent culture medium and used in the RIA suggested that such TAA was melanoma associated.
An evaluation of general immunologic reactivity was performed in 116 patients with malignant melanoma and in 40 patients with skeletal and soft tissue sarcoma who received adjunctive immunotherapy. ...An excellent correlation was observed between delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to DNCB and the clinical extent of malignancy. Eighty percent of patients with Stage I disease were DNCB positive, whereas only 37% of Stage III patients were reactive on initial testing. A method for sequential evaluation of DNCB response was established, and revealed that variations in immune reactivity occurred that also correlated with the patient's clinical course. Persistence of nonreactivity to DNCB or conversion from a reactive to an anergic status was associated with postoperative recurrence in more than 80% of the patients. Conversely, conversion from an anergic to a reactive status was observed if tumor control was achieved. These results indicate that the defect in systemic immunity is closely associated with tumor cell burden, and that sequential evaluation of DNCB reactivity is a clinically useful monitor of disease progression.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Localized hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer Storm, F. Kristian; Morton, Donald L.
CA: a cancer journal for clinicians,
January/February 1983, 1983 Jan-Feb, 1983-01-01, 19830101, Volume:
33, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Retroperitoneal sarcoma, regardless of the histopathologic grade of malignancy, has a high incidence of local recurrence that is usually fatal. Surgical resection is mandatory and resectability may ...be improved by a midline transabdominal approach. However, even with total tumor excision, recurrence is high. A preliminary study, combining resection and preoperative adriamycin, found to be effective for established disease, suggests potentially improved prognosis. Further clinical trials employing combined with adjuvant chemotherapy are warranted.
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