Drawing extensively on the expertise of teachers of German in universities across the UK, this volume offers an overview of recent trends, new pedagogical approaches and practical guidance for ...teaching at beginners level in the higher education classroom. At a time when entries for UK school exams in modern foreign languages are decreasing, this book serves the urgent need for research and guidance on ab initio learning and teaching in HE. Using the example of teaching German, it offers theoretical reflections on teaching ab initio and practice-oriented approaches that will be useful for teachers of both German and other languages in higher education. The first chapters assess the role of ab initio provision within the wider context of modern languages departments and language centres. They are followed by sections on teaching methods and innovative approaches in the ab initio classroom that include chapters on the use of music, textbook evaluation, the effective use of a flipped classroom and the contribution of language apps. Finally, the book focuses on the learner in the ab initio context and explores issues around autonomy and learner strengths. The whole builds into a theoretically grounded guide that sketches out perspectives for teaching and learning ab initio languages that will benefit current and future generations of students.
Drawing extensively on the expertise of teachers of German in universities across the UK, this volume offers an overview of recent trends, new pedagogical approaches and practical guidance for ...teaching at beginners level in the higher education classroom. At a time when entries for UK school exams in modern foreign languages are decreasing, this book serves the urgent need for research and guidance on "ab initio" learning and teaching in HE. Using the example of teaching German, it offers theoretical reflections on teaching "ab initio" and practice-oriented approaches that will be useful for teachers of both German and other languages in higher education. The first chapters assess the role of "ab initio" provision within the wider context of modern languages departments and language centres. They are followed by sections on teaching methods and innovative approaches in the "ab initio" classroom that include chapters on the use of music, textbook evaluation, the effective use of a flipped classroom and the contribution of language apps. Finally, the book focuses on the learner in the "ab initio" context and explores issues around autonomy and learner strengths. The whole builds into a theoretically grounded guide that sketches out perspectives for teaching and learning "ab initio" languages that will benefit current and future generations of students.
Selecting materials is one of the most important decisions that a language teacher makes when designing a course. Choosing a textbook that is well suited to the intended learning outcomes, learner ...needs and interests and the context of the teaching programme is key to the success of any course. This is particularly true for ab initio language teaching, where textbooks, if chosen and adapted well, can provide a map for both teachers and learners that gives coherence to individual lessons and the course as a whole (Richards, 2015: 594).
For the context of German ab initio teaching, practitioners can choose
Editors’ introduction Ulrike Bavendiek; Silke Mentchen; Christian Mossmann ...
Ab Initio Language Teaching in British Higher Education,
12/2022
Book Chapter
Open access
The teaching of modern languages at ab initio level in higher education has become a necessity for universities across the UK, given that the number of students studying for GCSEs and A-levels in ...Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) at school is in decline. Since 2003, the last year in which the taking of a modern foreign language in Year 10 was compulsory, entries for language GCSEs at schools in England have dropped by 41 per cent (Bawden, 2021; see also Durrell, 2017 for an overview and assessment of this development). A-level entries in French, German and ‘other modern languages’ have also
A processed cheese using Grana Padano and Mozzarella cheese shavings with the addition of microencapsulated chia oil and inulin was studied. After the study of microencapsulation of chia oil, 4 ...processed cheeses were formulated and chemically, microbiologically and sensorially analyzed. The efficiency of microencapsulation of chia oil using ionic gelation was 94.4% with the 3:1 oil:alginate ratio, with a low solubility in water (0.04%) and a particle size of ~195 μm. The formulation with inulin had a 36% fat reduction, with no sensorial differences compared to the standard formulation. Microencapsulation was able to mask the oil taste when compared to the formulation of inulin and microcapsules of chia oil and the formulation of inulin and free-chia oil. The use of Grana Padano, inulin and encapsulated chia oil gave a product with reduced fat content and high acceptability.
•An alternative process for obtaining processed cheese was developed.•Processed cheese with inulin had up to 36% less fat.•Chia oil showed thermal stability when microencapsulated.•Addition of chia oil allowed the replacement of saturated by polyunsaturated fat.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT
T cells are considered to be unresponsive to testosterone due to the absence of androgen receptors (AR). Here, we demonstrate the testosterone responsiveness of murine splenic T cells in ...vitro as well as the presence of unconventional cell surface receptors for testosterone and classical intracellular AR. Binding sites for testosterone on the surface of both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of T cells are directly revealed with the impeded ligand testosterone‐BSA‐FITC by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry, respectively. Binding of the plasma membrane impermeable testosterone‐BSA conjugate induces a rapid rise (<5s) inCa2+i of Fura‐2‐loaded T cells. This rise reflects influx of extracellular Ca2+ through non‐voltage‐gated and Ni2+‐blockable Ca2+ channels of the plasma membrane. The testosterone‐BSA‐induced Ca2+ import is not affected by cyproterone, a blocker of the AR. In addition, AR are not detectable on the surface of intact T cells when using anti‐AR antibodies directed against the amino and carboxy terminus of the AR, although T cells contain AR, as revealed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reactions and Western blotting. AR can be visualized with the anti‐AR antibodies in the cytoplasm of permeabilized T cells by using CLSM, though AR are not detectable in cytosol fractions when using the charcoal binding assay with 3H‐R1881 as ligand. Cytoplasmic AR do not translocate to the nucleus of T cells in the presence of testosterone, in contrast to cytoplasmic AR in human cancer LNCaP cells. These findings suggest that the classical AR present in splenic T cells are not active in the genomic pathway. By contrast, the cell surface receptors for testosterone are in a functionally active state, enabling T cells a nongenomic response to testosterone.—Benten, W. P. M., Lieberherr, M., Giese, G., Wrehlke, C., Stamm, O., Sekeris, C. E., Mossmann, H., Wunderlich, F. Functional testosterone receptors in plasma membranes of T cells. FASEB J. 13, 123–133 (1999)
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This review summarizes data about non-genomic actions of testosterone on murine malaria, T cells and macrophages produced by our group during the last 15 years. In C57BL/10 mice, testosterone induces ...a lethal outcome of blood stage infections with
Plasmodium chabaudi which normally takes a self-healing course controlled by genes of the
H-2 complex and the non-
H-2 background. This suppressive effect of testosterone is mediated neither via the classic intracellular androgen receptor (AR) response nor, after conversion of testosterone to estradiol, via the estrogen receptor. Testosterone acts non-genomically, i.e. through surface receptors, on murine T cells and macrophages, which becomes evident as a rapid rise in the intracellular free Ca
2+ concentration (Ca
2+
i). In T cells, this rise reflects predominantly influx of extracellular Ca
2+, while it is predominantly due to release of Ca
2+ from intracellular Ca
2+-stores in macrophages. The testosterone-induced rise in Ca
2+
i of both macrophages and T cells is not inhibited by the AR-blocker cyproterone, and it is also inducible by the plasma membrane impermeable ligand testosterone-BSA. The surface receptors initiate a transcription-independent signaling pathway of testosterone. Currently, we are trying to isolate testosterone surface receptors and to investigate a possible cross-talk of non-genomic testosterone signaling with other genotropic signaling pathways.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
