A magnetically separable palladium complex on a GO-MnFe
2
O
4
surface has been synthesized by covalent immobilization of a palladium complex on the magnetic GO-MnFe
2
O
4
surface functionalized with ...3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). In general, magnetic, iron based materials (MnFe
2
O
4
) are effective in many catalytic reactions and are advantageous compared with other metal oxides due to their magnetic recyclability. The catalytic activities of these nanohybrids have been studied in
p
-nitrophenol (
p
-Nip) reduction. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the catalyst. The successful incorporation of the palladium complex onto GO-MnFe
2
O
4
has been confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and ICP-AES. The intact structure of GO-MnFe
2
O
4
was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and TEM. The strong reduction of
p
-nitrophenol was shown by the palladium complex on GO-MnFe
2
O
4
. This magnetic heterogeneous catalyst was well recoverable with no significant loss of activity and selectivity after five successive runs.
A recyclable magnetic palladium complex catalyst immobilized onto a GO-MnFe
2
O
4
surface was synthesized and characterized for the reduction of
p
-nitrophenol.
Dendritic cells are important in initiating immune responses; therefore, a range of dendritic cell–based approaches have been established to induce immune response against cancer cells. However, the ...presence of immunosuppressive mediators such as adenosine in the tumor microenvironment reduces the efficacy of dendritic cell–based cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether blockade of the A2A adenosine receptor with a selective antagonist and a CD73 inhibitor may increase the efficacy of a dendritic cell–based cancer vaccine. According to the findings, this therapeutic combination reduced tumor growth, prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice, and enhanced specific antitumor immune responses. Thus, we suggest that targeting cancer-derived adenosine improves the outcomes of dendritic cell–based cancer immunotherapy.
Abstract
To compare fecal level of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and some serum inflammatory markers between the low-carbohydrate (LCD) and the habitual (HD) diet, subjects were enrolled from our ...previous study on the effect of LCD
vs
. HD on gut microbiota in obese women following an energy-restricted diet. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly increased in the HD group (
p
< 0.001). Adjusted for the baseline parameters, fecal level of butyric, propionic, and acetic acid were significantly different between the LCD and HD groups (
p
< 0.001,
p
= 0.02, and
p
< 0.001, respectively). Increase in serum insulin level correlated with decrease in fecal propionic acid by 5.3-folds (95% CI = − 2.7, − 0.15,
p
= 0.04). Increase in serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) correlated with decrease in the percentage of fecal butyric acid by 25% (
p
= 0.04). Serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin showed a significant effect on fecal acetic acid (
p
= 0.009 and
p
= 0.01, respectively). Elevated serum FBS and insulin correlated with increase in fecal acetic acid by 2.8 and 8.9-folds (95%CI = 0.34, 1.9 and 1.2, 9.2), respectively. The LCD increased fecal SCFAs and a significant correlation was seen between serum IL-6 and fecal propionic acid level. More studies are needed to reach a concise correlation.
Trial registration number
: The trial was registered in Iranian ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT20200929048876N3.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although DNAzymes have been found to reduce injury after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R), their efficiency have been limited due to rapid degradation in vivo. Thus, this study was conducted to ...extend their half-life by encapsulation into nano‑niosomes and examine their cardioprotective effects in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). In order to synthesize nano‑niosomes, surface active agent film hydration method was used. Characterization of nano‑niosomes was performed using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to establish MI/R model in rats, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 30 min. A single dose (150µL) of drug formulations was injected into the infarcted region. The cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic factors, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were evaluated using Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Particle size of only nano-niosomes was in the range of 60–90 nm, while a shift to 70–110 nm was seen after DNAzyme encapsulation. MI rats treated with DNAzyme‑loaded nano‑niosomes could markedly reduce Bax, caspase3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB as well as increase Bcl-2 compared to only MI/R group. Collectively, our finding show that nano‑niosomes can be considered excellent drug delivery platforms to extend half-life and stability of DNAzyme, when it is used to reduce myocardial I/R injury.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba on cardio‐metabolic markers have been reported. However, its effect on inflammation is not assessed in any meta‐analysis. We performed a systematic review of ...randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) on serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels. A systematic search was performed on four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, up to October 2021. After screening, 17 trials met our inclusion criteria. Trials were of 1–24 weeks of duration and included 1,104 participants. In the meta‐analysis, the weighted mean differences (WMD) in change for serum CRP were −1.5 mg/L (95% CI: −2.16, −0.85, p < 0.001). Moreover, WMD for serum IL‐6 and TNF‐α were in favor of the GBLE compared to the placebo (−16.86 pg/mL, 95% CI: −19.38, −14.34, p < 0.001); and (−4.19 pg/mL, 95%CI: −5.14, −3.23, p < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that GBLE has a beneficial effect on serum CRP at the baseline levels≥3 mg/L and doses<500 mg/day. This meta‐analysis showed that the GBLE could reduce serum inflammatory markers. Therefore, this medicinal herb might be a possible strategy for inflammation control.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Simvastatin can potentially mitigate acute inflammatory phase of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, these effects negatively influenced by its poor bioavailability, low water solubility ...and high metabolism. Here, we investigated the effects of SIM-loaded nano-niosomes on a rat model of MI/R injury to find a drug delivery method to tackle the barriers.
Nano-niosomes' characteristics were identified using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sham; MI/R; MI/R + nano-niosome; MI/R + SIM; MI/R + SIM-loaded nano-niosomes. Left anterior descending artery was ligated for 45 min, and 3 mg/kg SIM, nano-niosomes, or SIM-loaded nano-niosomes was intramyocardially injected ten min before the onset of reperfusion. ELISA assay was used to assess cardiac injury markers (cTnI, CK-MB) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, MPC-1). Expression level of MAPK-NF-κB and histopathological changes were evaluated by western blot and hematoxylin & eosin staining, respectively.
the size of nano-niosome was 137 nm, reached to 163 nm when simvastatin was loaded. To achieve optimized niosomes span 80, a drug/cholesterol ratio of 0.4 and seven min of sonication time was applied. Optimized entrapment efficiency of SIM-loaded nano-niosomes was 98.21%. Inflammatory cytokines and the expression level of MAPK and NF-κB were reduced in rats receiving SIM-loaded nano-niosomes compared to MI/R + SIM and MI/R + SIM-loaded nano-niosomes.
Our results showed that SIM-loaded nano-niosomes could act more efficiently than SIM in alleviating the acute inflammatory response of reperfusion injury via downregulating the activation of MAPK-NF-κB.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are more prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Zinc and selenium deficiency are common in NAFLD. But the effects of zinc ...and selenium co-supplementation before and/or after disease progression on CVD markers are not clear in NAFLD patients. This study aimed to compare the effects of zinc and selenium co-supplementation before and/or after disease progression on some of the CVD markers in an experimental model of NAFLD. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats (197 ± 4 g) were randomly assigned into four dietary groups: control group (C; received 9% of calorie as fat), model group (M; received 82% of calorie as fat), and supplementation before (BS) or after (AS) disease progression. Animals were fed diets for 20 weeks in all groups. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured as CVD indices. Serum ALT, AST, FPG, insulin, MDA, VEGF and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the M than C group. Co-supplementation reduced serum ALT and AST levels in the BS and AS groups compared with the M group. FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, VEGF, MDA, LDL/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c ratio were significantly reduced in the AS compared with the M group. TG/HDL-c ratio was significantly reduced in the BS and AS compared with the M group. Serum MDA, VEGF, Insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly lowered in the AS than BS group (
p
< 0.05). Zinc and selenium co-supplementation after NAFLD progression reduced CVD risk indices in an experimental model.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and the emergence of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in children. A total of 322 nasopharyngeal swab samples were provided from ...children with an initial diagnosis of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. A total of 34 and 70 cases were positive for EV-D68 and HRV, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the clades A and B are the prevalent genotypes for EV-D68 and the HRV-positive samples belong to three types including HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C. The results showed that EV-D68 and HRV-C are circulating in Iran especially in the winter.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the association of maternal exposure to the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with cardio-metabolic risk factors in children during childhood ...for the first time.
The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched, up to Feb 2023. In total 30 cohort studies had our inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used for the variables that had considerable heterogeneity between studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool was used to classify the quality score of studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 14 and P-value < 0.05 considered as a significant level.
In the meta-analysis, maternal exposure to the EDCs was weakly associated with higher SBP (Fisher_Z: 0.06, CI: 0.04, 0.08), BMI (Fisher_Z: 0.07, CI: 0.06, 0.08), and WC (Fisher_Z: 0.06, CI: 0.03, 0.08) z-scores in children. A significant linear association was found between maternal exposure to the bisphenol-A and pesticides with BMI and WC z-score in children (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significant linear association of BPA and pesticides, in the urine samples of mothers at the first trimester of pregnancy, with BMI and WC z-score in children from 2-8 years (p < 0.05).
Prenatal exposure to the EDCs in the uterine period could increase the risk of obesity in children. Maternal exposure to bisphenol-A and pesticides showed the strongest association with the obesity, especially visceral form, in the next generation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A simple and effective strategy is presented to integrate individual platinum nanoparticles (NPs) into macroscopic thin films based on the reduction of organoplatinum(II) complexes PtCl2(cod) 1a, ...PtI2(cod) 1b (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and cis-Pt(p-MeC6H4)2(SMe2)2 2, at the toluene-water interface in the absence of stabilizer. Structure and morphology of the platinum NPs were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) techniques. Finally, platinum thin films were deposited on glassy carbon electrode and their electro-oxidation was investigated in the methanol oxidation reaction. Pt NPs thin films showed highly improved electrocatalytical activity toward methanol oxidation as compared with commercial platinum catalysts. The present method provides a facile and low-cost strategy toward the synthesis of different electrocatalysts of noble metals for application in fuel cells.
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