The addition of O2 to gas mixtures in time projection chambers containing CS2 has recently been shown to produce multiple negative ions that travel at slightly different velocities. This allows a ...measurement of the absolute position of ionising events in the z (drift) direction. In this work, we apply the z-fiducialisation technique to a directional dark matter search. We present results from a 46.3 live-day source-free exposure of the DRIFT-IId detector run in this new mode. With full-volume fiducialisation, we have achieved the first background-free operation of a directional detector. The resulting exclusion curve for spin-dependent WIMP-proton interactions reaches 1.1 pb at 100 GeV/c2, a factor of 2 better than our previous work. We describe the automated analysis used here, and argue that detector upgrades, implemented after the acquisition of these data, will bring an additional factor of ≳3 improvement in the near future.
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As leader of the United Party and the official parliamentary opposition between 1956 and 1977, Sir De Villiers Graaff bolstered the apartheid state and destroyed his own party in the process. This ...essay, by investigating Graaff's personality and politics, concludes that he was a man of integrity and decency who loathed the impractical, vicious and cruel nature of apartheid, but that his lack of political acumen, vision and ruthlessness, made him a disastrous party leader. Despite his honest intentions he was the best leader of the parliamentary opposition the apartheid state could have wished for.
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In 1982 Dr A.P. Treurnicht was expelled from the National Party for opposing President P.W. Botha's reforms as a threat to Afrikaner supremacy. He subsequently formed the ultra-conservative ...Conservative Party. Despite the sweeping political changes taking place in South Africa in the 1980s and 1990s he remained adamant that rigid apartheid was the only means to ensure Afrikaner survival. Treurnicht's faith in Verwoerdian policies was not the only reason for his inflexibility. In contrast to his public image as a strong and dynamic leader he was not temperamentally or psychologically equipped to be a party leader as he was overly sensitive to criticism, and craved adulation. His insecurity encouraged indecision and contributed to his inability to adapt to an unravelling apartheid state. In the process he fuelled the bitterness, angst and desperation of ultra-conservatives, creating a climate for right-wing militants to turn to violence. The majority of Afrikaners, however, rejected Treurnicht as an anachronistic figure and a threat to Afrikaner survival, and supported the reforms of Botha and F.W. de Klerk.
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We present results from the first measurement of axial range components of fiducialized neutron induced nuclear recoil tracks using the DRIFT directional dark matter detector. Nuclear recoil events ...are fiducialized in the DRIFT experiment using temporal charge carrier separations between different species of anions in 30:10:1 Torr of CS2:CF4:O2 gas mixture. For this measurement, neutron-induced nuclear recoil tracks were generated by exposing the detector to 252Cf source from different directions. Using these events, the sensitivity of the detector to the expected axial directional signatures were investigated as the neutron source was moved from one detector axis to another. Results obtained from these measurements show clear sensitivity of the DRIFT detector to the axial directional signatures in this fiducialization gas mode.
Un max d’adrénaline Bourry, J; Carnaille, B., Pr; Pigny, P., Pr ...
Annales d'endocrinologie,
September 2015, Volume:
76, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Les phéochromocytomes et paragangliomes sont des tumeurs rares dont plus du tiers relèvent d’une étiologie génétique. Plus de 10 gènes de prédisposition ont été identifiés 1 , dont MAX, notamment ...dans des phéochromocytomes bilatéraux 2,3. Notre patiente, opérée à 18 ans, en 1988, d’un phéochromocytome gauche, sans récidive en 2013, présente, à 45 ans, une élévation tensionnelle, sans autre signe clinique. Le dosage des dérivés méthoxylés montre une normétanéphrine plasmatique à 1407 ng/L (N < 170) et une normétanéphrine urinaire à 3074 μg/24 h (N < 400). Un scanner révèle un nodule surrénalien droit de 3 cm. La scintigraphie au MIBG est non contributive. La TEP à la F-DOPA identifie 2 lésions : l’une surrénalienne droite de 48 mm, et l’autre de 13 mm au sein du pédicule rénal gauche. Après exérèse des lésions, l’anatomopathologie confirme un phéochromocytome droit bien différencié de 2,2 cm et un paragangliome gauche. En l’absence de mutation de VHL, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, RET, SDHAF1, SDHAF2 et MEN1, l’analyse du gène MAX révèle une mutation R33X. Le diagnostic de phéochromocytome ou paragangliome impose la recherche d’une étiologie génétique tenant compte du contexte clinique afin de hiérarchiser les analyses génétiques 1.
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Lizards exhibit a variety of mechanisms to capture prey, including lingual prehension, jaw prehension and lingual pinning. Despite being the topic of numerous studies, the link between prehension ...mode and diet remains poorly understood, especially in clades where multiple prehension modes are present. We addressed this issue by comparing the feeding behaviour and tongue morphology of a termite‐eating specialist Ouroborus cataphractus with that of a closely related dietary generalist Karusasaurus polyzonus. We used high‐speed videography to test the effect of prey species (termite vs. small cricket) and prey size (small vs. large cricket) on prehension mode. In addition, we included several other cordylid lizards representing the major clades in the family into our analysis to examine whether the prehension modes present in O. cataphractus characterize all cordylid species or whether they represent isolated occurrences. Finally, we investigated the morphology of the tongue in Cordylidae, with emphasis on O. cataphractus and K. polyzonus, using light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Our data showed that the consumption of termites in O. cataphractus has resulted in the evolution of a novel lingual prehension mode, during which the ventral surface of the tongue is used to apprehend prey. This is in contrast to other lizards, which use the dorsal surface of the tongue to contact prey. Moreover, we demonstrated that this novel lingual prehension mode is accompanied by distinct morphological elaborations of the tongue surface. None of the other cordylid lizards tested in our study used lingual prehension during prey capture, except K. polyzonus, which used the tongue in a very small percentage of feeding trials. Overall, this study suggests that dietary specialization might underlie the evolution of novel prehension mechanisms in lizards.
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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease linked to repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI). This disorder is mainly observed in subjects at risk for brain traumatisms ...including boxers, American football and European football (soccer) players, as well as war veterans. Neuropathological findings are marked by abnormally phosphorylated tau accumulations at the depth of cerebral sulci, as well as TDP43, Aβ and α-synuclein positive staining. It has been described 3 clinical variants: the behavioural/mood variant, the cognitive variant and the mixed behavioural/cognitive variant. Cerebral MRI revealed signs of diffuse atrophy with abnormal axonal findings using the diffusion tensor imaging methods. Cerebral PET tau revealed increased standardised uptake value ratio (SUVR) levels in various brain regions of CTE patients compared to controls. The place of CTE among other neurodegenerative diseases is still debated. The focus of CTE management must be on prevention. The best way to prevent CTE in athletes is to put in place strict and appropriate measures by physicians. An individual with concussion should not be allowed to play again immediately (and sometimes never) in cases of abnormal neurological symptoms or imaging abnormalities.
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Introduction La métreleptine (leptine recombinante) est efficace dans des maladies rares liées à des mutations des gènes de la leptine, du récepteur de l’insuline et surtout de la lamine entraînant ...un syndrome lipodystrophique hypoleptinémique avec insulino-résistance. Le but de ce travail est d’identifier le pourcentage de patients lipodystrophiques susceptibles de bénéficier de ce traitement. Patients et méthodes Cent-six patients lipodystrophiques (6-78 ans, 66 femmes) dont 98/106, originaires du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, et 56 inclus dans le PHRC 2009_09/0941 ont consulté depuis 2000 au CHRU de Lille. Quaranteneuf pourcent des patients présentaient une mutation pathogène (48/106) ou un polymorphisme (4/106) du gène de la lamine A/C. Les 54/106 patients restants présentaient une cause génétique (n = 2, PPARgamma/AGPAT2), un Launois- Bensaude (n = 8), une lipodystrophie généralisée (n = 5), partielle (n = 10) ou localisée non-iatrogène (n = 6), un syndrome de Roch-et-Leri (n = 2), Dercum (n = 2), Barraquer-Simons (n = 3), Köbberling (n = 3), autres (n = 13). Résultats Rapportée à une population de 4 038 157 personnes (Nord-Pas-de- Calais Insee 2010), la prévalence régionale des lipodystrophies s’élève à 1 cas/38 458. Six/106 décès (5,6 %) sont survenus entre 50 et 70 ans en 13 ans (3 non-mutés + 3 laminopathies). Parmi les 56 patients « PHRC », on dénombre 2þlaminopathies déjà traitées par métreleptine, 27 leptinémies < 12ng/mL (10þlaminopathies) dont 8/27 (5 laminopathies) avec HbA1c entre 8 et 12 % malgré un traitement optimisé et 4/27 (1 laminopathie) avec insulino-résistance ou lipodystrophie évolutives, 4 (2 laminopathies) leptinémies entre 12 et 16 et déséquilibre glycémique. Finalement, le nombre de patients lipodystrophiques « PHRC » bénéficiant ou pouvant bénéficier de métreleptine s’élève à 18/56 (32 % ; 10/18 laminopathies) auquels s’ajoutent 4 laminopathies non-PHRC (1 déjà traitée), soit 22/106 patients. Conclusion La prévalence des syndromes lipodystrophiques dans le Nord- Pas-de-Calais s’élève à 2 à 3 cas/100 000 habitants dont près de 50 % liés à une laminopathie. Vingt pour cent des patients lipodystrophiques et 30 % des laminopathies pourraient bénéficier d’un traitement par métreleptine.
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