Abstract
The first hydrostatic core (FHSC) is the first stable object to form in simulations of star formation. This stage has yet to be observed definitively, although several candidate FHSCs have ...been reported. We have produced synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from 3D hydrodynamical simulations of pre-stellar cores undergoing gravitational collapse for a variety of initial conditions. Variations in the initial rotation rate, radius and mass lead to differences in the location of the SED peak and far-infrared flux. Secondly, we attempt to fit the SEDs of five FHSC candidates from the literature and five newly identified FHSC candidates located in the Serpens South molecular cloud with simulated SEDs. The most promising FHSC candidates are fitted by a limited number of model SEDs with consistent properties, which suggests that the SED can be useful for placing constraints on the age and rotation rate of the source. The sources we consider most likely to be in FHSC phase are B1-bN, CB17-MMS, Aqu-MM1 and Serpens South candidate K242. We were unable to fit SerpS-MM22, Per-Bolo 58 and Chamaeleon-MMS1 with reasonable parameters, which indicates that they are likely to be more evolved.
In the surviving literature of the Roman Republic, the galli are near-universal objects of repulsion, with their gender presentation being constantly derided. The fragments of Varro’s Eumenides , ...however, offer an opportunity to consider repulsion alongside desire and how the two are often closer than we think. I begin this essay by contextualizing the galli within Roman society and broader trans history; I then employ a trans narratological reading to consider how the narrator attempts to construct different positive images of the galli and how they in turn refuse his categorizations regardless. As the genre of this text is satire, we might initially understand the galli as targets of mockery for Varro; however, the fragmentation of the text, alongside the narrator’s consciously unstable viewpoint, allow this group the opportunity to step outside of the conventional depiction of them, and even construct themselves beyond the normative bounds expected of them, by the narrator or the audience. Reading the galli through a lens of desire allows us to recognize the multiplicity of emotional responses that they would have elicited in the Roman world and expand our understanding beyond the reductive image usually presented by their authors. As well as opening up new lines of conversation around the galli themselves, this essay also offers a broader opportunity to consider how trans experiences can be narrated, even at the expense of the narrator, the author, or their own wider society.
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ABSTRACT
This paper explores the clothing and representation of the galli priests of Cybele in late Republican and early Imperial Rome. The galli were male‐bodied, but practiced self‐castration and ...wore traditionally feminine clothing and makeup, which the article argues placed them outside any expected gender binary and allowed them to inhabit a non‐binary identity. The article applies contemporary drag theory and the relationship between clothing and identity, particularly in respect of (assumed) incongruity, to explore the ways in which the galli's identity is visible in the Roman world. In the final section, a case study is made of the way the galli are represented in Lucian of Samosata's On the Syrian Goddess.
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In December 2020, Harry Styles made fashion history as the first cisgender man to feature solo on the cover of American Vogue. What also makes the cover stand out is the fact that he wore a blazer ...over a dress, combining a traditional menswear piece with a traditional womenswear piece. In the corresponding interview, as quoted in the first epigraph above, Styles commented on the excitement he finds in removing the lines between ‘men's clothing’ and ‘women's clothing’ and opening up the opportunities for anyone to wear whatever they want. It is perhaps obvious to state that clothing itself has no gender per se, but it is equally obvious (and equally important) to remind ourselves that clothing is gendered. The lines that Styles sees as crumbling away were until recently strictly enforced in the United States, and from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, over forty municipalities passed laws that forbade a person from appearing in public ‘in a dress not belonging to his or her sex’.4 These laws encouraged the general public, as well as law enforcement officers, to closely observe others’ appearances but also behaviours in order to look for incongruencies between dress and the assumed sex of the body underneath – a scrutinisation practice that particularly targeted (and continues to target) queer, transgender and gender non-normative people.5 Alok Vaid Menon, whose activism in the ‘#DegenderFashion’ movement has done much to highlight the need for change in the fashion industry, has commented that, though we should celebrate Styles's cover as a step in the right direction, we must continue ‘insisting on a more expansive form of freedom’ in lifting up a wider range of gender expressions presented by, with and beyond clothing. The outfit one chooses to wear, before one even puts it on, carries with it associations that reflect assumed identities. These associations, however, refract differently off different bodies, and create an interplay of identity for the wearer. The Vogue photoshoot might in its own way be moving us towards a world of degendered fashion, but we cannot pretend there is no relationship between the clothing and the (assumed) body of the wearer: the image of Harry Styles in a dress, for example, draws different connotations to the image of his sister, Gemma Styles, in a dress in the same photoshoot.
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Iron-containing enzymes Shaik, Sason; Munro, Andrew W; Sen, Saptaswa ...
2011., 2011, 2011-08-04
eBook
This book explains the mechanism and function of mononuclear iron containing enzymes. These important bioprocess intermediates have great industrial potential.
The first hydrostatic core (FHSC) is the first stable object to form in simulations of star formation. This stage has yet to be observed definitively, although several candidate FHSCs have been ...reported. We have produced synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from 3D hydrodynamical simulations of pre-stellar cores undergoing gravitational collapse for a variety of initial conditions. Variations in the initial rotation rate, radius and mass lead to differences in the location of the SED peak and far-infrared flux. Secondly, we attempt to fit the SEDs of five FHSC candidates from the literature and five newly identified FHSC candidates located in the Serpens South molecular cloud with simulated SEDs. The most promising FHSC candidates are fitted by a limited number of model SEDs with consistent properties, which suggests the SED can be useful for placing constraints on the age and rotation rate of the source. The sources we consider most likely to be in FHSC phase are B1-bN, CB17-MMS, Aqu-MM1 and Serpens South candidate K242. We were unable to fit SerpS-MM22, Per-Bolo 58 and Chamaeleon-MMS1 with reasonable parameters, which indicates that they are likely to be more evolved.
We present observations of the Cepheus Flare obtained as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Legacy Survey (GBLS) with the SCUBA-2 instrument. We produce a catalogue of ...sources found by SCUBA-2, and separate these into starless cores and protostars. We determine masses and densities for each of our sources, using source temperatures determined by the Herschel Gould Belt Survey. We compare the properties of starless cores in four different molecular clouds: L1147/58, L1172/74, L1251 and L1228. We find that the core mass functions for each region typically show shallower-than-Salpeter behaviour. We find that L1147/58 and L1228 have a high ratio of starless cores to Class II protostars, while L1251 and L1174 have a low ratio, consistent with the latter regions being more active sites of current star formation, while the former are forming stars less actively. We determine that, if modelled as thermally-supported Bonnor-Ebert spheres, most of our cores have stable configurations accessible to them. We estimate the external pressures on our cores using archival \(^{13}\)CO velocity dispersion measurements and find that our cores are typically pressure-confined, rather than gravitationally bound. We perform a virial analysis on our cores, and find that they typically cannot be supported against collapse by internal thermal energy alone, due primarily to the measured external pressures. This suggests that the dominant mode of internal support in starless cores in the Cepheus Flare is either non-thermal motions or internal magnetic fields.
To further resolve the genetic architecture of the inflammatory bowel diseases ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, we sequenced the whole genomes of 4,280 patients at low coverage and compared ...them to 3,652 previously sequenced population controls across 73.5 million variants. We then imputed from these sequences into new and existing genome-wide association study cohorts and tested for association at ∼12 million variants in a total of 16,432 cases and 18,843 controls. We discovered a 0.6% frequency missense variant in ADCY7 that doubles the risk of ulcerative colitis. Despite good statistical power, we did not identify any other new low-frequency risk variants and found that such variants explained little heritability. We detected a burden of very rare, damaging missense variants in known Crohn's disease risk genes, suggesting that more comprehensive sequencing studies will continue to improve understanding of the biology of complex diseases.
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