Drawing on a 2018 survey on a convenience sample of 716 Serbian and 393 Croatian legal professionals, we assess their attitudes towards Serbian and Croatian judiciaries against their key dimensions: ...independence, efficiency, quality, and fairness and impartiality. Legal professionals in both countries have little confidence in their judiciary, which we take as a proxy for legitimacy. Hence, both judiciaries are faced with an internal crisis of legitimacy. Respondents also scored judiciaries low on each of the key dimensions, while regression analysis confirmed that these attitudes are strong predictors of legitimacy. The results indicate that apparent differences in historical trajectories have not undermined common post-transitional political struggles over the role of judiciaries.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper analyzes the relationship between students' level of actual religiosity and their sociodemographic characteristics, political orientation, and political attitudes. The paper is based on an ...online survey conducted at the University of Rijeka (N = 624) in 2021. The vast majority of our respondents (90%) received the three holy sacraments of initiation in their early childhood and attended Catholic religious education at school. The explanation of the significantly less actual religiosity of students is approached from the position of Pickel's contextualized theory of secularization. Relying on Voas and Day, a composite variable distinguishes highly religious students, moderately religious students, weakly religious students, and non‐religious students on the basis of the respondents' positioning toward religious self‐identification, beliefs, Church attendance, and the importance of religion in one's life. Statistically significant correlations between actual religiosity and political orientation were established. Very religious Catholic students, who are the least numerous and the least homogenous category, are more inclined to right‐wing political orientation and reject ethno‐nationalism/anti‐multiculturalism less and accept clericalism more than other categories of students. In a broader sense, this study reveals that a large number of respondents distance themselves from religion and the Church at student age despite their experience of formal religious socialization at school age. Furthermore, the results suggest that the synergy of the liberalizing effect of education and the tolerant sociocultural atmosphere of an area reduces the influence of religiosity on the political attitudes and orientation of students.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
3.
Yugoslavs and Europeans Compared Petrović, Nikola; Fila, Filip; Mrakovčić, Marko
Politička misao,
09/2022, Volume:
59, Issue:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Drawing on Sekulić, Massey and Hodson’s seminal article ‘Who were the Yugoslavs?’, this paper compares the share and determinants of identifying as Yugoslavs during socialism with the panorama of ...primary European identification. Eurobarometer surveys containing data on European identification are utilized to that end. The study takes in consideration social and political contexts that shaped supranational identification in particular Yugoslav socialist republics and EU member states. Our findings show low levels of Europeans and Yugoslavs in both polities. The results also show that nationally specific contexts affect both the prevalence of European identification and its determinants. There are considerable differences in the level of European identification among EU countries, and statistical analyses of the Belgian, French and German cases further showed that different factors shape it. Of all the variables, non-exclusive nationalities have been the strongest predictors of supranational identification in both Socialist Yugoslavia and the EU.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Does the Apple Fall Far from the Tree? Boneta, Željko; Mrakovčić, Marko
Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva,
01/2021, Volume:
18, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The paper presents the results of a survey that assessed the impact of informal and formal agents of the political socialization (PS) process on a sample of students enrolled at the University of ...Rijeka (N = 635). The correlation between the participants' ideological self-identification (PIS) and the assessed ideological orientation of their parents (PIO) was analyzed. Students believe that no agent of socialization has even moderately influenced the formation of their political views and assess the weakest influence of the formal PS agent – teachers in primary and secondary schools. The participants believe that parents have influenced their political attitudes more than other agents, but assess this influence on average as weak, regardless of whether they place their parents in the same or different positions on the ideological orientation (IO) scale. Left- and right-oriented participants admit a somewhat stronger influence of their parents' informal PS than those who rank themselves in the center. Statistically significant correlations between PIS and the perceived PIO were obtained. A small share of participants does not perceive a similarity between their own and their parents' IO and there is a negligible share of those who place their parents in diametrically opposed positions on the scale. The participants who have a greater interest in politics and those from a more politically stimulating environment are more inclined to move away from the political center and their parents' IO. Concordance between family IOs increases with the perception of better relationships with parents.
U radu su predstavljeni rezultati terenskog istraživanja procjene utjecaja neformalnih i formalnih agensa procesa političke socijalizacije na uzorku studenata Sveučilišta u rijeci (n=635). Analizirana je povezanost ideologijske samoidentifikacije ispitanika i procijenjene ideologijske orijentacije roditelja. Studenti smatraju da nijedan agens socijalizacije nije čak ni osrednje utjecao na oblikovanje njihovih političkih stavova, a najslabijim ocjenjuju utjecaj agensa formalne političke socijalizacije – nastavnika u osnovnoj i srednjoj školi. Ispitanici smatraju da su roditelji više od ostalih agensa utjecali na njihove političke stavove, ali taj utjecaj u prosjeku ocjenjuju slabim, neovisno o tome smještaju li roditelje na istu ili različite pozicije na skali ideologijske orijentacije. Ispitanici koji su se svrstali na ljevicu i na desnicu priznaju nešto snažniji utjecaj roditeljske neformalne političke socijalizacije od onih koji su se svrstali u centar. utvrđene su statistički značajne veze između ideologijske samoidentifikacije ispitanika i procijenjene ideologijske orijentacije roditelja. Mali je udio ispitanika koji ne percipiraju postojanje vlastitog i roditeljskog suglasja u ideologijskoj orijentaciji, a zanemariv je udio onih koji svoje roditelje smještaju na dijametralne pozicije skale. Ispitanici koji imaju veći interes za politiku, ali i oni iz politički stimulativnijeg okruženja, skloniji su odmaknuti se od političkog centra, kao i od ideologijske orijentacije svojih roditelja. Obiteljsko podudaranje ideologijske orijentacije raste percepcijom kvalitetnijih odnosa s roditeljima.
Relations between Brussels and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) worsened during and after the 2015 migration crisis. In order to see to what extent CEE citizens contributed to and/or resonated with ...this new state of affairs, this paper investigates public opinion before the migration crisis in seven CEE EU Member States. We inquire whether the main issues of the rift (CEE political elites’ opposition to following EU decisions and immigration and their emphasis on sovereignism, nationalism, Christian Europe and historical traumas) could also be traced to public stances towards these issues before the migration crisis. We used the ISSP National Identity module conducted in 2013 and 2014 in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia and Slovenia. The results show that opposition to EU supranationalism was not linked to ethnic nationalism and religious identity (except in Hungary). Contrary to political elites, who emphasised the cultural threat posed by migration, public opinion was more concerned with the economic threat. Moreover, the perception of cultural threat was not linked to opposing EU supranationalism in any of the countries. However, particularly support for sovereignism (in almost all the countries), but also pride in national history (in some countries) correlated negatively with support for EU supranationalism. The results suggest that political elites can bypass public opinion to construct an anti-EU climate, however not out of thin air. The conditions for such a process were present in Hungary with its emerging transnational cleavage, which shows the importance of cleavages in studying Euroscepticism.
Increased migration and the effects of the 2015/16 European migration/refugee crisis are reflected in changes in the attitudes towards migrants and members of certain religions. Law students, who are ...thought to come into contact with the issue of migration in their work, are of greater concern. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted in 2019 among 1
and 4
year law students at four law schools in Croatia. The study aims to determine how close a relationship (on Bogardus’ social distance scale) law students would achieve with the various types of migrants, Roma, and members of different religions. The results show that law students are likely to have the closest relationship with immigrants from North America and Western European countries and express the greatest average distance towards asylum seekers. They associate the greatest social closeness with Catholics. The analyses of the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, contextual indicators, and value orientations and attitudes on social distance imply that nationalism has the strongest effect on all groups.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS MARRIAGE, COHABITATION AND TRANSITION TO MARRIAGE The paper discusses the understanding of marriage and forms of partnerships in the late modern society, based on data ...from a survey of students’ attitudes at the University of Rijeka (N = 635). The results reveal ambivalent attitudes about traditional marriage among respondents. Although students reject the idea that every marriage, even a bad one, is superior to other forms of partnerships, the vast majority of them plan to get married in the future. Cohabitation is acceptable to most students and they intend to practise it, but only as a temporary stage before marriage. Attitudes toward traditional marriage and the acceptability of cohabitation were found to be more strongly correlated with the respondents’ overall assessment of how important is it for them to marry than with the assessment of their own future behavior in transition to marriage and parenthood. Religious self-identification is a variable that influences both respondents’ attitudes about traditional marriage and cohabitation and their perception of their own transition to marriage more strongly than other sociodemographic variables. Nevertheless, it has been shown that its effect is greater on the aforementioned attitudes of students than on their perception of their own transition to marriage in the future. Key words: attitudes, traditional marriage, cohabitation, transition to marriage
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
U radu se analiziraju stavovi studenata pravnih fakulteta o migrantima s Bliskog istoka
i azilantima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Podaci su prikupljeni metodom ankete sredinom 2019.
godine na pravnim ...fakultetima u Zagrebu, Rijeci, Splitu i Osijeku (N = 667). Konceptualni
okvir za objašnjenje tih stavova primarno nalazimo u teorijama konfliktnog pristupa, tj. teoriji
grupne prijetnje i teoriji integrirane prijetnje. U tom kontekstu analizira se kako studenti prava
doživljavaju migrante s Bliskog istoka i azilante u Hrvatskoj te smatraju li ih stvarnom ili simboličnom
prijetnjom za Hrvatsku i zemlje EU-a. U radu se također ispituju razlike u stavovima
među studentima različitih sociodemografskih i sociokulturnih karakteristika. Rezultati su pokazali
da su politička orijentacija, stupanj (ne)religioznosti i gradovi iz kojih ispitanici dolaze
značajno povezani sa stavovima studenta prema migrantima i azilantima. Također se pokazalo
da postoji značajna povezanost između stavova prema azilantima u RH i općenitih stavova koje
ispitanici imaju prema migrantima s Bliskog istoka, pri čemu najsnažniji, pozitivni učinak na
stavove o migrantima imaju spremnost na bliskost i kulturna otvorenost prema azilantima te
izostanak percepcije azilanata kao potencijalne ili stvarne prijetnje za društvo u koje dolaze.
U radu se raspravlja o shvaćanju braka i oblicima partnerskog života u društvu kasne modernosti, na temelju podataka iz anketnog istraživanja stavova studenata Sveučilišta u Rijeci (N=635). Rezultati ...otkrivaju ambivalentne stavove o tradicionalnom braku među ispitanicima. Iako studenti odbacuju ideju da je svaki brak, pa i onaj loš, superioran ostalim oblicima partnerskih veza, velika većina njih u budućnosti sebe vidi u braku. Većini studenata prihvatljiva je kohabitacija i namjeravaju je konzumirati, ali samo kao privremenu etapu prije sklapanja braka. Utvrđeno je da su stavovi o braku i prihvatljivosti kohabitacije snažnije korelirani s generalnom procjenom ispitanika o tome koliko im je važno stupiti u brak u budućnosti nego s njihovom procjenom vlastite tranzicije u brak i roditeljstvo. Religijska samoidentifikacija je varijabla koja snažnije od drugih sociodemografskih varijabli utječe na stavove ispitanika o tradicionalnom braku i kohabitaciji. Ipak, pokazalo se da je njen učinak veći na stavove studenata nego na njihovu percepciju vlastite tranzicije u brak.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper the authors analyse the attitudes of law students towards migrants from the Middle East and refugees in the Republic of Croatia. Survey was conducted in 2019 at four Croatian faculties ...of law: in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek (N=667). The conceptual framework was primarily based in conflict theories, i.e., group threat theory and integrated threat theory. The aim of the study was to analyse how students of law perceive migrants from the Middle East and refugees in Croatia, and whether they consider them to be a real or symbolic threat to Croatia and EU countries. The paper also examines differences in attitudes among students of different sociodemographic and sociocultural characteristics. The results showed that political orientation, degree of (non)religiosity and cities from which respondents come are significantly related to students' attitudes towards migrants and refugees. It has also been determined that there is a significant correlation between the attitudes towards refugees in the Republic of Croatia and the general attitudes of respondents towards migrants from the Middle East. The strongest, positive effect on these attitudes had the readiness for closeness and cultural openness towards refugees and lack of perception that refugees pose potential or real threat to society in which they are moving to.
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