Emotion sensing using physiological signals in real-life situations can be practically valuable. Previous studies have developed wearable devices that record autonomic nervous system activity, which ...reflects emotional arousal. However, no study determined whether emotional valence can be assessed using wearable devices. To this end, we developed a wearable device to record facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator supercilii (CS) and zygomatic major (ZM) muscles. To validate the device, in Experiment 1, we used a traditional wired device and our wearable device, to record participants' facial EMG while they were viewing emotional films. Participants viewed the films again and continuously rated their recalled subjective valence during the first viewing. The facial EMG signals recorded using both wired and wearable devices showed that CS and ZM activities were, respectively, negatively and positively correlated with continuous valence ratings. In Experiment 2, we used the wearable device to record participants' facial EMG while they were playing Wii Bowling games and assessed their cued-recall continuous valence ratings. CS and ZM activities were correlated negatively and positively, respectively, with continuous valence ratings. These data suggest the possibility that facial EMG signals recorded by a wearable device can be used to assess subjective emotional valence in future naturalistic studies.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
After decades of searching for the dissipationless transport in the absence of any external magnetic field, quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) was recently achieved in magnetic topological ...insulator films. However, the universal phase diagram of QAHE and its relation with quantum Hall effect (QHE) remain to be investigated. Here, we report the experimental observation of the giant longitudinal resistance peak and zero Hall conductance plateau at the coercive field in the six quintuple-layer (Cr(0.12)Bi(0.26)Sb(0.62))2Te3 film, and demonstrate the metal-to-insulator switching between two opposite QAHE plateau states up to 0.3 K. Moreover, the universal QAHE phase diagram is confirmed through the angle-dependent measurements. Our results address that the quantum phase transitions in both QAHE and QHE regimes are in the same universality class, yet the microscopic details are different. In addition, the realization of the QAHE insulating state unveils new ways to explore quantum phase-related physics and applications.
Electric-field manipulation of magnetic order has proved of both fundamental and technological importance in spintronic devices. So far, electric-field control of ferromagnetism, magnetization and ...magnetic anisotropy has been explored in various magnetic materials, but the efficient electric-field control of spin-orbit torque (SOT) still remains elusive. Here, we report the effective electric-field control of a giant SOT in a Cr-doped topological insulator (TI) thin film using a top-gate field-effect transistor structure. The SOT strength can be modulated by a factor of four within the accessible gate voltage range, and it shows strong correlation with the spin-polarized surface current in the film. Furthermore, we demonstrate the magnetization switching by scanning gate voltage with constant current and in-plane magnetic field applied in the film. The effective electric-field control of SOT and the giant spin-torque efficiency in Cr-doped TI may lead to the development of energy-efficient gate-controlled spin-torque devices compatible with modern field-effect semiconductor technologies.
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IJS, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate the activity of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and cellular processes. MicroRNA‐451 (miR‐451) is one of the miRNAs that ...is conserved perfectly among vertebrates, and it regulates cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in tumors. However, the role of miR‐451 in autoimmune arthritis is unknown. This study was undertaken to identify the role of miR‐451 in autoimmune arthritis.
Methods
We compared the expression of miR‐451 in neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls. We also evaluated the role of miR‐451 in neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo and in vitro using murine neutrophils. The regulation of p38 MAPK by miR‐451 was assessed. Double‐stranded miR‐451 was administered to SKG mice, the arthritis score was determined, and histologic examination was performed.
Results
MicroRNA‐451 expression in neutrophils isolated from patients with RA was lower than that in healthy controls. Systemic administration of miR‐451 significantly disrupted the infiltration of neutrophils in an air‐pouch model of local inflammation without affecting apoptosis of neutrophils. Overexpression of miR‐451 significantly suppressed the migration of neutrophils to fMLP. We identified CPNE3 and Rab5a as direct targets of miR‐451. Overexpression of miR‐451 suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK via 14‐3‐3ζ, a known target of miR‐451, and Rab5a. In SKG mice, miR‐451 treatment reduced the severity of arthritis and the number of infiltrating cells.
Conclusion
These results suggest that miR‐451 suppresses neutrophil chemotaxis via p38 MAPK and is a potential target in the treatment of RA.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Strong spin–orbit interaction and time-reversal symmetry in topological insulators enable the spin-momentum locking for the helical surface states. To date, however, there has been little report of ...direct electrical spin injection/detection in topological insulator. In this Letter, we report the electrical detection of spin-polarized surface states conduction using a Co/Al2O3 ferromagnetic tunneling contact in which the compound topological insulator (Bi0.53Sb0.47)2Te3 was used to achieve low bulk carrier density. Resistance (voltage) hysteresis with the amplitude up to about 10 Ω was observed when sweeping the magnetic field to change the relative orientation between the Co electrode magnetization and the spin polarization of surface states. The two resistance states were reversible by changing the electric current direction, affirming the spin-momentum locking in the topological surface states. Angle-dependent measurement was also performed to further confirm that the abrupt change in the voltage (resistance) was associated with the magnetization switching of the Co electrode. The spin voltage amplitude was quantitatively analyzed to yield an effective spin polarization of 1.02% for the surface states conduction in (Bi0.53Sb0.47)2Te3. Our results show a direct evidence of spin polarization in the topological surface states conduction. It might open up great opportunities to explore energy-efficient spintronic devices based on topological insulators.
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Birds play unique functional roles in the maintenance of ecosystems, such as pollination and seed dispersal, and thus monitoring bird species diversity is a first step towards avoiding undesirable ...consequences of anthropogenic impacts on bird communities. In the present study, we hypothesized that birds, regardless of their main habitats, must have frequent contact with water and that tissues that contain their DNA that persists in the environment (environmental DNA; eDNA) could be used to detect the presence of avian species. To this end, we applied a set of universal PCR primers (MiBird, a modified version of fish/mammal universal primers) for metabarcoding avian eDNA. We confirmed the versatility of MiBird primers by performing in silico analyses and by amplifying DNAs extracted from bird tissues. Analyses of water samples from zoo cages of birds with known species composition suggested that the use of MiBird primers combined with Illumina MiSeq could successfully detect avian species from water samples. Additionally, analysis of water samples collected from a natural pond detected five avian species common to the sampling areas. The present findings suggest that avian eDNA metabarcoding would be a complementary detection/identification tool in cases where visual census of bird species is difficult.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
STUDY DESIGN.Retrospective study.
OBJECTIVE.To elucidate factors that determine segmental lordosis after lateral retroperitoneal lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with percutaneous pedicle screw ...fixation.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.LLIF has been widely used in degenerative lumbar spine surgery. However, the detailed mechanisms that determine segmental lordosis are still unknown.
METHODS.A total of 69 patients who underwent LLIF with posterior pedicle screw fixation without posterior osteotomy were analyzed. Computed tomography was performed before and within 2 weeks after surgery, and segmental lordotic angle (SLA) after surgery (Post-SLA) was predicted using multiple regression analysis. Explanatory factors considered in this study included SLA before surgery (Pre-SLA), disc height before surgery (DiscH), cage position (CageP; distance between the center of the cage and the center of the disc, where a positive value indicates an anterior cage position), cage angle (CageA), cage height (CageH), CageH–DiscH (amount of lift up), previous decompression surgery, and level fused.
RESULTS.A total of 102 levels were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the Post-SLA can be predicted with three independent variables, CageP, Pre-SLA, and CageH–DiscH and the adjusted R was 0.70. In cases when the cage was located anteriorly (CageP > 3 mm), Post-SLA was greater with larger CageH, larger CageA, and larger Pre-SLA. When the cage was located in the middle (3 mm ≤CageP ≤–1 mm), Post-SLA was greater with larger CageP, larger Pre-SLA, and without previous decompression surgery. If the cage was located posteriorly (CageP < –1 mm), Post-SLA was greater with smaller CageH–DiscH and greater Pre-SLA.
CONCLUSION.To gain maximum segmental lordosis in LLIF, the cage should be located anteriorly. Furthermore, if the cage can be located anteriorly, a thicker cage with proper angle cage will gain segmental lordosis. If the cage is located posteriorly, a thin cage should be selected.Level of Evidence3
Abstract
Impacts of various types of stacking faults (SFs) on electron conduction in an n-type 4H-SiC epilayer were experimentally investigated. N-type Schottky barrier diodes were fabricated, ...containing a SF plane in the active area with a covering ratio of unity, whereupon the current–voltage characteristics were evaluated within a temperature range of 293–523 K. The forward current was significantly limited due to the SFs, the degree of which depended on the type of SF, and the current limitation was moderated by increasing the temperature. These results could be consistently explained by the well-known quantum well model.
Magnetic topological insulators such as Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)
Te
provide a platform for the realization of versatile time-reversal symmetry-breaking physics. By constructing heterostructures exhibiting ...Néel order in an antiferromagnetic CrSb and ferromagnetic order in Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)
Te
, we realize emergent interfacial magnetic phenomena which can be tailored through artificial structural engineering. Through deliberate geometrical design of heterostructures and superlattices, we demonstrate the use of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in manipulating the magnetic properties of magnetic topological insulators. Proximity effects are shown to induce an interfacial spin texture modulation and establish an effective long-range exchange coupling mediated by antiferromagnetism, which significantly enhances the magnetic ordering temperature in the superlattice. This work provides a new framework on integrating topological insulators with antiferromagnetic materials and unveils new avenues towards dissipationless topological antiferromagnetic spintronics.
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