The authentication of food products is essential for food quality and safety. Authenticity assessments are important to ensure that the ingredients or contents of food products are legitimate and ...safe to consume. The metabolomics approach is an essential technique that can be utilized for authentication purposes. This study aimed to summarize food authentication through the metabolomics approach, to study the existing analytical methods, instruments, and statistical methods applied in food authentication, and to review some selected food commodities authenticated using metabolomics-based methods. Various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, etc., were used to obtain previous research works relevant to the objectives. The review highlights the role of the metabolomics approach in food authenticity. The approach is technically implemented to ensure consumer protection through the strict inspection and enforcement of food labeling. Studies have shown that the study of metabolomics can ultimately detect adulterant(s) or ingredients that are added deliberately, thus compromising the authenticity or quality of food products. Overall, this review will provide information on the usefulness of metabolomics and the techniques associated with it in successful food authentication processes, which is currently a gap in research that can be further explored and improved.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
is one of the largest genera in the plant kingdom that belongs to the Moraceae family. This review aimed to summarize the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological actions of two major ...species from this genus, namely
and
. These species can be found abundantly in most Asian countries, including Malaysia. The chemical analysis report has shown that
species contained a wide range of phytoconstituents, including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, sugar, protein, essential and volatile oils, and steroids. Existing studies on the pharmacological functions have revealed that the observed
species possessed a broad range of biological properties, including antioxidants, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor and antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, anti-helminthic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory activities, antistress, toxicity studies, and mosquitocidal effects. Apart from the plant parts and their extracts, the endophytes residing in these host plants were discussed as well. This study also includes the recent applications of the
species and their plant parts, mainly in the nanotechnology field. Various search engines and databases were used to obtain the scientific findings, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PMC, Research Gate, and Scopus. Overall, the review discusses the therapeutic potentials discovered in recent times and highlights the research gaps for prospective research work.
(
) is an
herbal shrub traditionally consumed to treat various diseases including diabetes in Malaysia. This study was designed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of
leaves extracts, ...and to identify the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity.
Crude extract obtained from the dried leaves using 80% methanolic solution was further partitioned using different polarity solvents. The resultant extracts were investigated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential followed by metabolites profiling using the gas chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Multivariate data analysis was developed by correlating the bioactivity, and GC-MS data generated a suitable partial least square (PLS) model resulting in 11 bioactive compounds, namely, palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid (methyl ester), 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol, glycerol monostearate, alpha-tocospiro B, and stigmasterol. In-silico study via molecular docking was carried out using the crystal structure
isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A). Interactions between the inhibitors and the protein were predicted involving residues, namely LYS156, THR310, PRO312, LEU313, GLU411, and ASN415 with hydrogen bond, while PHE314 and ARG315 with hydrophobic bonding.
The study provides informative data on the potential α-glucosidase inhibitors identified in
leaves, indicating the plant's therapeutic effect to manage hyperglycemia.
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•Metabolomics has emerged as a tool for quality, processing and safety of food product.•The applications of metabolomics in food analyses are revealed.•Future prospects of the applications of ...metabolomics are discussed.
Metabolomics, as one of the omics areas, has emerged as a powerful platform for characterising metabolites (i.e. having a molecular weight below 1,000 Da) present in biological fluids, matrices, and organisms. In this review, the applications of metabolomics in food analyses and recent advancements in the combinations of existing metabolomics technologies with other approaches are discussed. Although the applications of metabolomics in assessing the safety and quality of foods are wide-ranging and relatively extensively discussed, there is a paucity of information regarding the evaluation of foods in terms of food adulteration by metabolome profiles. More efforts are still needed before the envisioned applications of metabolomics can be realised in this area. To this end, future studies to address the relevant current gaps need to be further explored.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Globally, village chicken is popular and is known as a premium meat with a higher price. Food fraud can occur by selling other chicken breeds at a premium price in local markets. This study aimed to ...distinguish local village chicken from other chicken breeds available in the market, namely, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent laying hen (Dekalb) in pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Both pectoralis major and serum were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The principal component analysis (PCA) results distinguished four different chicken breeds into three main groups for pectoralis major and serum. A total of 30 and 40 characteristic metabolites were identified for pectoralis major and serum, respectively. The four chicken breeds were characterized by the abundance of metabolites such as amino acids (L−glutamic acid, L−threonine, L−serine, L−leucine), organic acids (L−lactic acid, succinic acid, 3−hydroxybutyric acid), sugars (D−allose, D−glucose), sugar alcohols (myo−inositol), and fatty acids (linoleic acid). Our results suggest that an untargeted metabolomics approach using GC–MS and PCA could discriminate chicken breeds for pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions. In this study, village chicken could only be distinguished from colored broiler (Hubbard) by serum samples.
The present study has been aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Christia vespertilionis leaves extracts. The analysis of the extracts obtained using different solvents ...revealed that ethyl acetate: methanol extract as the most potential in 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging while hexane: ethyl acetate exhibited highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition. The infrared analysis displayed the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, C-O, and N-H predominantly in the extracts reflecting some of the compounds reported previously; quercetin 3-O-glucoside, oleanolic acid methyl ester, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, geraniol and 2’-hydroxygenistein. The latter two displayed competitive mode of inhibition in both the yeast and human protein receptors. Conclusively, C. vespertilionis leaves contain potent antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors; thus, further studies can enhance its use in pharmaceutical applications.
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•Christia vespertilionis leaf possess antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.•Functional groups corresponding to the plant's compounds were identified.•In silico study predicted the interaction between the compounds and the protein.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•The 80% ethanol extract of M. charantia fruit exhibited the most antioxidant activity.Brevifolincarboxylic acid is a new antioxidant compound reported in Momordica charantia ...fruit.3-Malonylmomordicin I and goyaglycoside G are possessing anti-oxidant activity.
Momordica charantia fruit is claimed to have healthy benefit. Despite this potential claim, the phytochemical study of this fruit is still lacking. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidants profile of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) fruit. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts of various polarities was evaluated and the metabolites that are responsible for its activity were identified using metabolomics approach. Six different mixture of ethanol in water that are 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% (v/v) was extracted using dveseeded fruit sample. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-quadrupole time of flight and multivariate data analysis was used to identify the metabolites that were either antioxidants or pro-oxidants. The 80% ethanol extract exhibited the most antioxidant activity when tested in both 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant assays. This extract showed the most intense LC-MS signals represented to ascorbic acid, margarolic acid, brevifolincarboxylic acid, quercetin 3-O-glycoside, kuguacin H, cucurbitacin E, 3-malonylmomordicin I, and goyaglycoside G correlating to the anti-oxidant activity. This study reports for the first time the existence of brevifolincarboxylic acid in this fruit, and the antioxidant activity of 3-malonylmomordicin I and goyaglycoside G. In addition, the loading plots revealed the unknown compounds possessing the antioxidant activity which are potential to be isolated in the future study.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study aimed to characterize the metabolic composition of four types of commercially available chicken breeds village chicken, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent layers (Dekalb) ...by 1H NMR coupling and discriminate them using multivariate analysis. Five chickens were collected for each chicken breed based on the marketing age from the respective commercial farms. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) results showed an obvious separation of local village chickens from the other breeds based on the metabolites present in their serum and meat (pectoralis major). The cumulative values of Q2, R2X, and R2Y of the OPLS‐DA model for chicken serum were 0.722, 0.877, and 0.841. For the pectoralis major muscle, the cumulative values of Q2, R2X, and R2Y of the OPLS‐DA model were reported as 0.684, 0.781, and 0.786, respectively. The quality of both OPLS‐DA models was accepted by the cumulative values of Q2 ≥ 0.5 and R2 ≥ 0.65. The 1H NMR result with multivariate analysis has successfully distinguished local village chicken from the other three commercial chicken breeds based on serum and pectoralis major muscle. Nonetheless, colored broiler (Hubbard) was not distinguished from broiler (Cobb) and spent layers (Dekalb) in serum and pectoralis major, respectively. The OPLS‐DA assessment in this study identified 19 and 15 potential metabolites for discriminating different chicken breeds in serum and pectoralis major muscle, respectively. Some of the prominent metabolites identified include amino acids (betaine, glycine, glutamine, guanidoacetate, phenylalanine, and valine), nucleotides (IMP and NAD+), organic acids (lactate, malate, and succinate), peptide (anserine), and sugar alcohol (myo‐inositol).
This study aimed to characterize the metabolic composition in four types of commercially available chicken breeds (village chicken, colored broiler Hubbard, broiler Cobb, and spent layers Dekalb) by 1H NMR coupled and discriminate them using multivariate analysis. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) results showed an obvious separation of local village chicken from the other breeds based on the metabolites present in their serum and meat (pectoralis major). The OPLS‐DA assessment identified 19 and 15 potential metabolites for discriminating different chicken breeds in serum and pectoralis major muscle, respectively.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Village chicken is known as a high-quality product perception and sold at high prices. However, the authenticity of village chicken is doubted because colored chicken has been claimed as village ...chicken to fraud the consumers and to gain high profit. No stringent strategy has been implemented by the local authority on the authenticity of the claimed village chickens. Thus, the study aimed to determine the meat quality of different chicken breeds including village chicken, broiler chicken (Cobb), colored chicken (Hubbard), and layer chicken from genuine suppliers and chickens sold at different local markets based on the physicochemical characterization, textural properties, and sensory evaluation. Chicken breeds were obtained from genuine suppliers and slaughtered at the slaughtering house Universiti Putra Malaysia. Proximate composition, color, and textural properties were evaluated. Minitab-19 and SIMCA-13 software were used to analyze the results, applying analysis of variance and partial least squares discriminant analysis, respectively. The study revealed that some of the market-supplied chickens were not authentic based on the features studied. About 20% of market village chickens had possessed similar results as the control village chicken. It can be shown that 80% of the claimed village chicken sold in the market was not authentic village chicken. This study showed the differentiation in texture composition such as chewiness, hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, resilience, and springiness, followed by protein content, ash content, and a∗ and b∗ values as an indicator to differentiate the authenticity of different chicken breeds.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study used in vitro and in silico techniques, as well as the metabolomics approach to characterise α-glucosidase inhibitors from different fractions of Clinacanthus nutans. C. nutans is a ...medicinal plant belonging to the Acanthaceae family, and is traditionally used to treat diabetes in Malaysia. n-Hexane, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v), ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate: methanol (1:1, v/v), and methanol fractions were obtained via partitioning of the 80% methanolic crude extract. The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was analyzed using all the fractions collected, followed by profiling of the metabolites using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The partial least square (PLS) statistical model was developed using the SIMCA P+14.0 software and the following four inhibitors were obtained: (1) 4,6,8-Megastigmatrien-3-one; (2) N-Isobutyl-2-nonen-6,8-diynamide; (3) 1′,2′-bis(acetyloxy)-3′,4′-didehydro-2′-hydro-β, ψ-carotene; and (4) 22-acetate-3-hydroxy-21-(6-methyl-2,4-octadienoate)-olean-12-en-28-oic acid. The in silico study performed via molecular docking with the crystal structure of yeast isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A) involved a hydrogen bond and some hydrophobic interactions between the inhibitors and protein. The residues that interacted include ASN259, HID295, LYS156, ARG335, and GLY209 with a hydrogen bond, while TRP15, TYR158, VAL232, HIE280, ALA292, PRO312, LEU313, VAL313, PHE314, ARG315, TYR316, VAL319, and TRP343 with other forms of bonding.
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•The antidiabetic potential of various extracts of C. nutans leaf has been evaluated.•Multivariate data analysis identified 4 α-glucosidase inhibiting compounds.•In silico study predicted the protein-inhibitors interaction.
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FFLJ, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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