Combining deep learning (DL) with nanotechnology holds promise for transforming key facets of nanoscience and technology. This synergy could pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in the ...creation of novel materials, devices, and applications, unlocking unparalleled capabilities. In addition, monitoring psychological, emotional, and physical states is challenging, yet recent advancements in the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), nano robot technology, and DL show promise in collecting and processing such data within home environments. Using DL techniques at the edge enables the processing of Internet of Things device data locally, preserving privacy and low latency. We present an edge IoNT system that integrates nanorobots and DL to identify diseases, generating actionable reports for medical decision-making. Explainable artificial intelligence enhances model transparency, aiding clinicians in understanding predictions. Intensive experiments have been carried out on Kvasir dataset to validate the applicability of the designed framework, where the accuracy of results demonstrated its potential for in-home healthcare management.
The life satisfaction of women is an essential component of their subjective well-being. It is an indicator of a woman’s life quality based on personal perception. Considering the importance of ...women’s subjective well-being, the United Nations (UN) has recognized this as one of its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To the best of our knowledge, no study has been done yet for Bangladeshi women aged 15-49 years using nationally represented data. This study is the first study, to our knowledge, that will identify the determinants of life satisfaction and investigate the association between these determinants and life satisfaction among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Bangladesh. This study examined the overall life satisfaction and impact of some personal and sociodemographic characteristics on it among the women aged 15 to 49 years in Bangladesh using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 data, a cross-sectional data. In our study, information regarding life satisfaction was available for a sample of 64,283 women after categorizing the variable overall life satisfaction and adjusting the missing values. The variable overall life satisfaction was categorized into three categories, namely low (0-3), moderate (4-6), and high (7-10), according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Results showed that 14.67% of women are low satisfied, 50.65% are moderately satisfied, and 34.68% are highly satisfied with their lives. A bivariate analysis was applied in this study to show the significant association between the determinants and life satisfaction. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to draw valid conclusions about the effects of the potential determinants on life satisfaction. The study revealed that satisfaction increases with age, education level, and wealth status. For the variable marital status, which has three categories: currently married, formerly married, and never married, current marriage was strongly associated with higher life satisfaction. In contrast, a former marriage and a never marriage were associated with lower life satisfaction. Migration status was also significantly associated with life satisfaction, where women who changed their location were more satisfied than those who never changed their current location. Bangladesh aims to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, which promotes well-being, and the goal 5, to empower all women and girls, addressing the issues related to life satisfaction and applying appropriate intervention is a must.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Usually, wounds recover in four to six weeks. Wounds that take longer time than this to heal are referred to as chronic wounds. Impaired healing can be caused by several circumstances like hypoxia, ...microbial colonization, deficiency of blood flow, reperfusion damage, abnormal cellular reaction and deficiencies in collagen production. Treatment of wounds can be enhanced through systemic injection of the antibacterial drugs and/or other topical applications of medications. However, there are a number of disadvantages to these techniques, including the limited or insufficient medication penetration into the underlying skin tissue and the development of bacterial resistance with repeated antibiotic treatment. One of the more recent treatment options may involve using nanotherapeutics in combination with naturally occurring biological components, such as snail extracts (SE). In this investigation, chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) were loaded with an Eobania vermiculata whole-body muscle extract. The safety of the synthesized NPs was investigated in vitro to determine if these NPs might be utilized to treat full-skin induced wounds in vivo. SEM and TEM images showed uniformly distributed, spherical, smooth prepared CS NPs and snail extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SE-CS NPs) with size ranges of 76-81 and 91-95 nm, respectively. The zeta potential of the synthesized SE-CS NPs was - 24.5 mV, while that of the CS NPs was 25 mV. SE-CS NPs showed a remarkable, in vitro, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Successfully, SE-CS NPs (50 mg/kg) reduced the oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde), reduced inflammation, increased the levels of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione), and assisted the healing of induced wounds. SE-CS NPs (50 mg/kg) can be recommended to treat induced wounds safely. SE was composed of a collection of several wound healing bioactive components fatty acids, amino acids, minerals and vitamins) that were loaded on CS NPs. The nanostructure enabled bioactive SE components to pass through cell membranes and exhibit their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, accelerating the healing process of wounds. Finally, it is advised to treat rats' wounds with SE-CS NPs.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Inflammatory M1 macrophages create a hostile environment that impedes wound healing. Phosphoserine (PS) is a naturally occurring immunosuppressive molecule capable of polarizing macrophages from an ...inflammatory phenotype (M1) to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2). In this study, we designed, fabricated, and characterized PS-immobilized chitosan hydrogels as potential wound dressing materials. A PS group precursor was synthesized
via
a phosphoramidite reaction and subsequently immobilized onto the chitosan chain through an EDC/
N
-hydroxysuccinimide reaction using a crosslink moiety HPA. The PS/HPA-conjugated chitosan (CS-PS) was successfully synthesized by deprotecting the PS group in HCl. In addition, the hydrogels were prepared by the HRP/H
2
O
2
enzyme-catalyzed reaction with different PS group contents (0, 7.27, 44.28 and 56.88 μmol g
−1
). The immobilization of the PS group improved the hydrophilicity of the hydrogels. Interestingly, CS-PS hydrogel treatment upregulated both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This treatment also resulted in alterations in the macrophage cell morphology from the M1 to M2 phenotype. The CS-PS hydrogel significantly accelerated diabetic wound healing. Overall, this study provides insights into the potential of PS-immobilized hydrogel materials for improved inflammatory disease therapy.
Phosphoserine-immobilized chitosan hydrogels stimulate macrophages to secrete TGF-β1 and improve diabetic wound healing equivalent to non-diabetic wound healing.
Assessment of genetic diversity has an efficient role in plant breeding and improvement programs. There is a limit number of investigations dealing with the evaluation of genetic diversity in Jew’s ...mallow (
Corchorus olitorius
L.), despite its valuable importance as a leafy vegetable and a delicious dish rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Therefore, in this study, 18 landraces of Jew’s mallow—collected from different locations in Egypt—were used for genetic diversity assessment based on morphophysiological and molecular evaluations. A high degree of variability was found among the evaluated landraces at both levels, indicating the appropriateness of such collection to be involved in breeding approaches. Some morphophysiological traits offered a high level of diversity and effectively discriminated the landraces. Thus, they are recommended to be used in successive morphological evaluation studies. On the other hand, molecular evaluation using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) efficiently supported the morphological results by exposing a clear genetic relationship among the landraces. In addition, the principal coordinate analysis based on combined data of RAPD and SRAP divided the landraces into two main groups, reflecting their relationship molecularly. The first group included nine landraces related to Upper Egypt and the second gathered three landraces from Delta, while the other six landraces were distinctly distributed around these two groups. The two groups may have two distinct ancestors in addition to the different ancestors of the scattered landraces. Findings of this study are valuable and could assist in Jew’s mallow breeding programs.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has been established as a key member of the gasotransmitters family that recently showed a pivotal role in various pathological conditions including cancer.
...This study investigated the role of H2S in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis, on BC immune recognition capacity and the consequence of targeting H2S using non-coding RNAs.
Eighty BC patients have been recruited for the study. BC cell lines were cultured and transfected using validated oligonucleotide delivery system. Gene and protein expression analysis was performed using qRT-PCR, western blot and flow-cytometry. In-vitro analysis for BC hallmarks was performed using MTT, BrdU, Modified Boyden chamber, migration and colony forming assays. H2S and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Primary natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cell isolation and chimeric antigen receptor transduction (CAR T cells) were performed using appropriate kits. NK and T cells cytotoxicity was measured. Finally, computational target prediction analysis and binding confirmation analyses were performed using different software and dual luciferase assay kit, respectively.
The H2S synthesizing enzymes, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), exhibited elevated levels in the clinical samples that correlated with tumor proliferation index. Knock-down of CBS and CSE in the HER2+ BC and triple negative BC (TNBC) cells resulted in significant attenuation of BC malignancy. In addition to increased susceptibility of HER2+ BC and TNBC to the cytotoxic activity of HER2 targeting CAR T cells and NK cells, respectively. Transcriptomic and phosphoprotein analysis revealed that H2S signaling is mediated through Akt in MCF7, STAT3 in MDA-MB-231 and miR-155/ NOS2/NO signaling in both cell lines. Lastly, miR-4317 was found to function as an upstream regulator of CBS and CSE synergistically abrogates the malignancy of BC cells.
These findings demonstrate the potential role of H2S signaling in BC pathogenesis and the potential of its targeting for disease mitigation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Background
Pain that pursues coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is usually associated with increased both recovery duration and hospital stay. Patient outcome could be worsened ...owing to large doses of opioids for pain control through over sedation, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of preemptive gabapentinoids on post CABG surgery pain control.
Objective
to evaluate the effect of pre-operative administration of pregabalin and gabapentin in limiting the post-operative pain in coronary artery bypass surgeries.
Patients and Methods
Type of Study: Prospective double – blinded, randomized controlled Trial. After Approval is obtained from the research ethics committee of anesthesia and intensive care department, Ain Shams University. Study Setting: National Heart Institute, Egypt. Study Period: 6 months. Study Population: adult undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgeries.
Results
The primary outcome of this study was to compare the effect of gabapentinoids on post CABG pain as reflected by morphine consumption. The secondary outcome was to address the influence of gabapentinoids on patient satisfaction post CABG, the incidence of respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, ventilatory hours and length of hospital stay.
Conclusion
Pregabalin, and gabapentin both can be effective for reduction of post CABG morphine consumption and have better patient satisfaction if given preemptively with single dose preoperatively.
Patients on maintenance dialysis therapy are especially vulnerable to COVID-19 and its complications. This study aimed to assess the incidence, epidemiological characteristics, and mortality rate of ...COVID-19 among maintenance dialysis patients. This retrospective observational chart review study included 548 patients from all dialysis units in the West Bank of Palestine who acquired COVID-19 between 5 March 2020, and 11 August 2021. We collected data on patients' demographics, clinical features, and outcomes. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess independent risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality. The incidence of COVID-19 among maintenance dialysis patients was 35.3%, as 548 out of 1554 patients have tested positive during the study period. Patients on haemodialysis were three times riskier to get infected than those on peritoneal dialysis (37% vs 11.3%). Half (50.2%) of infected patients required hospitalisation, and 24.5% were admitted to an intensive care unit, while the mortality rate stood at 26.8%. Old age, male sex, central venous catheter use, comorbid diabetes, smoking, and having an RH negative blood group type were determined to be significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. In conclusion, the incidence of COVID-19 among Palestinian maintenance dialysis patients was notably high, especially among haemodialysis patients. High rates of hospitalisation, ICU admission, intubation and death were observed, and predictive factors for COVID-19-related mortality were identified. Therefore, the implementation of strict infection control measures and promotion of home dialysis are warranted to reduce the infection rate.
KEY MESSAGES
The incidence of COVID-19 among Palestinian maintenance dialysis patients was notably high; more than one-third of the total dialysis population acquired COVID-19, with haemodialysis patients being three times more likely to get infected compared to their peritoneal dialysis counterparts.
The mortality rate among maintenance dialysis patients was 26.8%, more than 25 times higher than that of the general population. The risk of mortality was significantly increased with age, male sex, smoking, diabetes, and having central venous catheter as vascular access for haemodialysis.
Strict infection control measures, as well as the promotion of home dialysis, are necessary to reduce the risk of infection.
Background
Tracking the maximum power point (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is essential to increase the utilization efficiency. One of the most widely used algorithms is perturb and observe ...(P&O) technique.
Methods
In this paper, tuning algorithms based on genetic algorithm (GA) and cuckoo search (CS) are proposed to provide optimal controller parameters for P&O MPPT. This optimal tuning is crucial in P&O MPPT applications of PV systems where it is difficult to tune the controllers using conventional tuning techniques to attain good performance because of the wide variations in the system parameters and its nonlinearity. The proposed tuning algorithms are used to overcome the drawbacks of the classical P&O MPPT under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions such as oscillation around the maximum power point (MPP) and low convergence speed.
Results
The robustness of the algorithms is confirmed against fast varying insolation proving its ability to track the MPP in case of random and fast changing atmospheric conditions. An experimental set up of a 1 kW PV system is carried out and implemented using dSPACE DS1103 controller board and E4360 Keysight modular solar array emulator to validate the performance of the proposed optimal tuning algorithms. The measured results are in a close agreement with the simulation and the analytical system.
Conclusion
Experimental and simulation results demonstrate a superior improvement in the transient and steady‐state performances and in the maximum power tracking efficiency. The steady‐state and the transient efficiencies of the presented work are 99.95% and 94.02% which are almost 17.59% and 10.61%, respectively superior to the classical P&O one and are 14.66% and 1.52%, respectively as compared to the manual tuning approach. This proposed optimal tuning approaches can be used to enhance the performance of any other controllers.
Optimal tuning of controller parameters using GA and Cuckoo search algorithms for P&O MPPT of PV energy systems is proposed. Hardware validation is performed using dSPACE DS1103 and E4360 Keysight solar emulator.
Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive human primary brain tumor and is currently incurable. Immunotherapies
have the potential to target GBM stem cells, which are resistant to ...conventional therapies. Human epidermal growth factor
receptor 2 (HER2) is a validated immunotherapy target, and we determined if HER2-specific T cells can be generated from GBM
patients that will target autologous HER2-positive GBMs and their CD133-positive stem cell compartment.
Experimental Design: HER2-specific T cells from 10 consecutive GBM patients were generated by transduction with a retroviral vector encoding a
HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor. The effector function of HER2-specific T cells against autologous GBM cells, including
CD133-positive stem cells, was evaluated in vitro and in an orthotopic murine xenograft model.
Results: Stimulation of HER2-specific T cells with HER2-positive autologous GBM cells resulted in T-cell proliferation and secretion
of IFN-γ and interleukin-2 in a HER2-dependent manner. Patients' HER2-specific T cells killed CD133-positive and CD133-negative
cells derived from primary HER2-positive GBMs, whereas HER2-negative tumor cells were not killed. Injection of HER2-specific
T cells induced sustained regression of autologous GBM xenografts established in the brain of severe combined immunodeficient
mice.
Conclusions: Gene transfer allows the reliable generation of HER2-specific T cells from GBM patients, which have potent antitumor activity
against autologous HER2-positive tumors including their putative stem cells. Hence, the adoptive transfer of HER2-redirected
T cells may be a promising immunotherapeutic approach for GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 16(2); 474–85
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