The importance of diagnosing a child’s individual development is becoming more and more important in our country. Within the framework of pedagogical diagnostics, it is particularly important to know ...those basic skills that are necessary for successful school adaptation. Such diagnosis of pre-school children in Slovakia is only in its infancy
and there are no standardised diagnostic tools for determining a child’s school aptitude. The study presents the background and progress of the KEGA project – Adaptation and standardization of the DIFER diagnostic tool for the detection of the current developmental level of 4-8 year old children, the main purpose of which is to contribute to the improvement of the quality of pedagogical diagnostics in kindergartens and primary schools with Hungarian educational language in Slovakia.
In the current society, the topic of global environmental problems that people face in their everyday lives is becoming more frequent. The consumption lifestyle of people has a negative impact on the ...environment, which causes reduced quality of life on Earth. One of the most important tasks of education is leading children toward sustainable living. The study is focused on a specific pedagogical-didactical approach - Forest pedagogy as one of the options for environmental education as well as building a relationship towards sustainable development in the primary level of education. Forest pedagogy is focused on teaching about the forest ecosystem and children forming a positive relationship towards the protection of the environment on examples tied to the forest. Forest pedagogy introduces programs that are realized by forest pedagogues at school within formal education based on the condition set by the Slovak Republic. These programs lead towards the education of environmental thinking and a positive approach of a child towards the environment. The study features partial outcomes of the research on how the programs of forest pedagogy influence the development of children's knowledge about forests and their protection.
This study analyses the school curriculum documents in Hungary and Slovakia. The comparative analysis covered the Slovak National programme for Development of Education, the Hungarian National Core ...Curriculum and the framework curriculas. Development tasks and content requirements for grades 1-2 were analysed. The research question focused on whether there is a difference in the manifestation of DIFER (Diagnostic System for Assessing Development) skills in the national curriculas of the two countries. Earlier studies show that these DIFER skills are very important for school learning. The analysis of the curriculas was carried out on the basis of general criterias and also a special set of criterias which related to the DIFER skills. It was found that these two countries have both state and local curriculums, however, there are substantial differences in the documents. The most striking difference was found in the content of the educational requirements of the school subjects. In the Slovak curriculum, educational standards define school subject objectives as well as performance and content requirements. In addition to school subject goals, Hungary also determines the development of specific competences within the given school subject. Special aspects related to DIFER skills were found in the Hungarian documents, in the overall goals and development requirements. In the Slovak curriculum, the development of DIFER skills is embedded in the content of the school subjects, in the form of requirements. Although the improvement of DIFER skills is of prime importance, none of the countrys curricula devotes sufficient emphasis to it.
Polyphenols represent a large group of natural substances with different biological properties. Currently, polyphenols are well studied due to their free radicals' scavenging and antioxidant ...activities. However, some studies indicate that polyphenols also exhibit pro-oxidant properties. In this study, the possible involvement of the pro-oxidant activities of fruit polyphenols was investigated in relation to apoptosis induction. To determine the type of cell death induced by fruit polyphenols (Flavine; F7), we assessed a series of assays, including measurements of caspase-7 activation, membrane mitochondrial potential changes, reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species production, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities, and PARP cleavage. Moreover, the effect of F7 on selected pro- and antisurvival signaling pathways was determined. We demonstrated that fruit polyphenols induced caspase-dependent cell death associated with increased oxidative stress. We also showed fruit polyphenol-mediated release of mitochondrial pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family and modulation activity of the Akt, p38 MAPK, and Erk 1/2 pathways as well as the signaling of ROS-mediated DNA damage. Our data demonstrated that fruit peel polyphenols suppressed breast cancer cell growth through increased intracellular oxidative stress and the activation of p38 MAPK and de-activation of the Erk 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The education policies of the European Union countries have their own specificities and differences. These differences can be seen not only in direct educational activities, but also in the ...legislatively binding curriculum documents for pre-primary education. The present study deals specifically with the comparison of the State Curriculum for Pre-primary Education in Kindergartens 2016 (Slovak Republic) and the National Education Programme 2012 (Hungary).
The education policies of the European Union countries have their own specificities and differences. These differences can be seen not only in direct educational activities, but also in the ...legislatively binding curriculum documents for pre-primary education. The present study deals specifically with the comparison of the State Curriculum for Pre-primary Education in Kindergartens 2016 (Slovak Republic) and the National Education Programme 2012 (Hungary).
The research has shown that in the last 5,000 years the human evolution has made the greatest leap in the human history. As a result of these changes, thanks to relatively recent discovery of a ...specific gene, even adult Europeans can digest milk. In their nutritional guidelines based on the scientific evidence, the official health organizations and institutions recommend drinking milk and eating low-fat dairy products such as yoghurts or cheese. The human body absorbs the necessary amount of calcium in the easiest form from cow's milk. Calcium is the essential element not only for healthy bones and teeth but it is also the important factor for the transmission of nerve impulses, it supports heart activity, helps reduce high blood pressure and "bad" LDL cholesterol levels and alleviate allergic reactions. It has impact on proper blood clotting, affects sperm mobility, helps prevent arthritis or can also contribute to better sleep. Milk is a valuable food not only for calcium content but also for selenium which slows down the aging process and contributes to the protection of the immune system. Acid dairy products prevent the digestive disorders, protect against gastrointestinal infections and improve skin condition. Despite all these positive aspects the consumption of milk, as well as dairy products, has the downward trend in Slovakia. In the last decade, the consumption was at a historical minimum and below the recommended annual dose, which is 91 liters of milk per person. Therefore, the main objective of this research paper was to examine the quality of milk produced by two selected competing companies and identify the various factors affecting consumers´ decision-making process when purchasing milk and dairy products. The attention was concentrated on the sensory attributes (colour, appearance, smell, taste and quality) and marketing tools (brand, packaging, label and price). The primary data were obtained by the questionnaire survey, which was conducted in the Slovak Republic with 284 respondents. For a deeper analysis, the data were evaluated by the statistical methods. Based on the results of the blind testing it was determined that even though the quality of monitored milk is the same, the respondents prefer the sensory attributes of Rajo semi-skimmed milk. When it comes to brand, packaging, label and price Tami semi-skimmed milk also lagged behind.
Food industry along with agriculture constitute a major economy sector in most countries, because in addition to water intake and oxygen availability, food is another basic determinant for ...functioning of the human organism. For the proper functioning of human body, it is imperative that the customer chooses food so that the daily diet includes all the necessary nutrients in a reasonable proportion. At present, however, it is becoming more and more common that foodstuffs do not meet strict standards, are not properly stored, the packaging is damaged, or hygiene standards are not being adhered to, and therefore, in addition to health benefiting substances, they also contain harmful ones. According to the World Health Organization, the death of up to 2 million people a year around the world is caused by foods harmful to human health. The main objective of this report was to assess how consumers perceive the health safety of food in Slovakia and to find out whether some types of food are considered as potentially harmful to health. Primary data were obtained through a questionnaire survey conducted from October to December 2017 on a sample of 478 respondents. Respondents answered to 12 factual, and 9 classification questions, which were consequently analyzed using the Friedman test, Nemenyi test and Chi-Square test of Independence. Survey results showed that the majority of respondents had concerns about the health harming effects of food only occasionally and they trust the hygienic level of the restaurant facilities (60.5%), fast food (53%) and frozen food (49.2%) with few reservations. As the most hazardous foods are considered poultry meat, eggs and mayonnaise. If the consumer's health is endangered by food, the guilty party should be punished by ban (61.9%) or by suspension (19.5%).
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