Revealed Attention Masatlioglu, Yusufcan; Nakajima, Daisuke; Ozbay, Erkut Y.
The American economic review,
08/2012, Volume:
102, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The standard revealed preference argument relies on an implicit assumption that a decision maker considers all feasible alternatives. The marketing and psychology literatures, however, provide ...well-established evidence that consumers do not consider all brands in a given market before making a purchase (Limited Attention). In this paper, we illustrate how one can deduce both the decision maker's preference and the alternatives to which she pays attention and inattention from the observed behavior. We illustrate how seemingly compelling welfare judgments without specifying the underlying choice procedure are misleading. Further, we provide a choice theoretical foundation for maximizing a single preference relation under limited attention.
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background Little information is available about the epidemiology of rotator cuff tears in a population-based study. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the true prevalence of rotator cuff ...tears regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms in the general population and to assess the relationship between tears and their backgrounds. Material and methods A medical check-up was conducted for residents of a mountain village in Japan. The subjects consisted of 683 people (total of 1,366 shoulders), including 229 males and 454 females with a mean age of 57.9 years (range, 22-87). We examined their background factors, physical examinations and ultrasonographic examinations on both shoulders. Results Rotator cuff tears were present in 20.7% and the prevalence increased with age. Thirty-six percent of the subjects with current symptoms had rotator cuff tears, while 16.9% of the subjects without symptoms also had rotator cuff tears. Rotator cuff tears in the general population were most commonly associated with elderly patients, males, affected the dominant arm, engaged in heavy labor, having a history of trauma, positive for impingement sign, showed lesser active forward elevation and weaker muscle strength in abduction and external rotation. A logistic regression analysis revealed the risk factors for a rotator cuff tear to be a history of trauma, dominant arm and age. Conclusion 20.7% of 1,366 shoulders had full-thickness rotator cuff tears in the general population. The risk factors for rotator cuff tear included a history of trauma, dominant arm and age. Level of evidence Level 3.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a method with advantages over conventional blood sampling in relation to collection, cost, storage, and transportation. Such advantages have led to its wide use in ...newborn screening (NBS). Although target analysis of various biomolecules is conducted in NBS, protein quantification‐based NBS is still in its infancy. Thus, it is important to clarify how many proteins could be quantitatively detected in DBS samples using advanced liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technologies; a catalogue of proteins detectable in DBSs by LC–MS/MS will enable us to judge which causative proteins in genetic diseases can be monitored at the protein level in NBS. In this review, we outline conventional proteome analyses of DBSs with a distinction between target and nontarget approaches. Additionally, we discuss the future perspectives for proteome analysis of DBSs in NBS of genetic diseases.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose: To evaluate visual outcome and patient satisfaction following Lentis Comfort intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Method: This retrospective case series examined 68 eyes of 41 patients (mean ...age 72.0 ± 8.1 years) who underwent Lentis Comfort (LS-313 MF15, Oculentis GmbH, Berlin, Germany; Santen, Osaka, Japan) implantations. Patients were evaluated for visual acuity (VA) at several distances (0.3, 0.5 and 5 meters), refractive error, defocus curve and contrast sensitivity, in addition to answering a questionnaire on photic phenomena, visual discomfort and patient satisfaction. Results: Uncorrected visual acuity was 0.05 ± 0.13 (logMAR) for distance, 0.23 ± 0.17 (logMAR) for intermediate, and 0.52 ± 0.20 (logMAR) for near. Defocus curve showed the binocular visual acuity attained was almost 20/20 within the range of +0.5 D to −1.5 D. Contrast sensitivity was within the normal range. The Lentis Comfort IOL tolerated astigmatism to some extent. Patient age could potentially be related to uncorrected visual acuity. Questionnaire results showed almost all patients were satisfied with Lentis Comfort IOL implantation. Conclusion: Lentis Comfort IOLs provided better visual function at far and intermediate distances.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis overtop the existing data-dependent acquisition (DDA)-MS-based proteomic analysis to enable deep proteome coverage ...and precise relative quantitative analysis in single-shot liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS. However, DIA-MS-based proteomic analysis has not yet been optimized in terms of system robustness and throughput, particularly for its practical applications. We established a single-shot LC-MS/MS system with an MS measurement time of 90 min for a highly sensitive and deep proteomic analysis by optimizing the conditions of DIA and nanoLC. We identified 7020 and 4068 proteins from 200 ng and 10 ng, respectively, of tryptic floating human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK293F) cell digest by performing the constructed LC-MS method with a protein sequence database search. The numbers of identified proteins from 200 ng and 10 ng of tryptic HEK293F increased to 8509 and 5706, respectively, by searching the chromatogram library created by gas-phase fractionated DIA. Moreover, DIA protein quantification was highly reproducible, with median coefficients of variation of 4.3% in eight replicate analyses. We could demonstrate the power of this system by applying the proteomic analysis to detect subtle changes in protein profiles between cerebrums in germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice, which successfully showed that >40 proteins were differentially produced between the cerebrums in the presence or absence of bacteria.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lung transplantation is an established life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage lung diseases. The success of lung transplantation mainly depends on the quality and function of the ...implanted donor lungs, which are frequently subject to brain-death-induced lung injuries and intensive care unit (ICU)-related complications before transplantation. Recent innovations, particularly the development of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP), in which donor lungs are ventilated and perfused under normothermic conditions outside the body, have allowed clinicians to more accurately assess the donor lung function prior to transplantation. Therefore, EVLP has been successfully translated into clinical practice with the expansion of the donor lung pool, leading to favorable post-transplant outcomes in a growing number of transplant centers worldwide. The EVLP system and techniques, following the Toronto protocol, have recently been applied for the assessment of extended criteria brain-death donors in clinical lung transplantation in Japan. The advancement of EVLP from organ assessment to organ treatment will be the next challenging stage not only to expand donor lung pool, but also to improve graft survival and long-term outcomes after transplantation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The structure of heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase (HSO) contains a highly complex system composed of a large cavity and tunnels, which are essential for the reaction and migration of the reactants, ...products, and intermediates. Previous geometrical analysis using the CAVER program has predicted that there are three possible tunnels, T1, T2, and T3, for the exit pathway of the iminium intermediate, 5‐oxazolidinone (5‐OXA), of the enzyme reaction. Previous molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of HSO has identified the regions containing the water channels from the density distribution of water. The simulation indicated that tunnel T3 is the most probable exit pathway of 5‐OXA. In the present study, the potential of mean force (PMF) for the transport of 5‐OXA through tunnels T1, T2, and T3 was calculated using umbrella sampling (US) MD simulations and the weighted histogram analysis method. The PMF profiles for the three tunnels support the notion that tunnel T3 is the exit pathway of 5‐OXA, and that 5‐OXA tends to stay at the middle of the tunnel. The maximum errors of the calculated PMF for the predicted exit pathway, tunnel T3, were estimated by repeating the US simulations using different sets of initial positions. The PMF profile was also calculated for the transport of glycine within T3. The PMF profiles from the US simulations were in good agreement with the previous predictions that 5‐OXA escape through tunnel T3 and how glycine is released to the outside of HSO was discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Dried blood spots (DBS) are widely used for screening molecular profiles, including enzymatic activity. However, hydrophilic proteins present in large amounts in blood inhibit detection of other ...proteins in DBS by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) without preenrichment. Sodium carbonate precipitation (SCP) can concentrate hydrophobic proteins from DBS and effectively remove soluble hydrophilic proteins. Furthermore, SCP combination with data-independent acquisition (DIA) for quantitative LC-MS/MS enhanced the proteome analysis sensitivity and quantification limits. In this protocol, we have described in detail a simple preenrichment method using SCP and a deep proteome analysis method for LC-MS/MS data using DIA.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy in preventing emergence agitation (EA) in children. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted across multiple ...locations according to the articles searched. Seven databases, including trial registration sites, were searched. A total of six trials were included involving 489 patients; of them, 244 received acupuncture therapy. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the incidence of EA compared with placebo/sham or standard care in children were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of EA, as evaluated using a specific assessment tool. Data about the incidence rate of EA, heterogeneity, quality of trials and evidence, and adverse events were collected. Additionally, data about patient demographic characteristics, type of anesthesia, duration and onset of acupuncture therapy, EA and pain score, time taken for extubation, and post-anesthesia care unit length of stay were collected. The results indicated that the overall incidence of EA in the acupuncture therapy group and the control group was 23.4% and 39.5%, respectively, with no significant difference (risk ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-1.48; I2 = 63%). Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in the overall incidence of EA in the acupuncture therapy and control groups according to surgery type (high-risk vs. low-risk surgery), suggesting that acupuncture therapy may be effective in reducing EA for patients undergoing high-risk surgery. The quality of evidence was downgraded to "very low" due to the study designs, inconsistency, and possible publication bias. In conclusion, this meta-analysis shows that the currently available RCTs are insufficient to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy in preventing EA in children undergoing general anesthesia.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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