This study examined the semantic processing of simple sentences in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD, typically developing (TD) children, and TD adults completed a word ...recall task. They were asked to recall words corresponding to the blank spaces in simple sentences. The task had a verb condition and an object condition. First, we compared the number of words recalled and that of wrong answers given by TD children and TD adults. Then, similarly, a comparison was made between children with ASD and TD children. We found no significant difference in the ability to recall words between TD children and TD adults. In the object condition, children with ASD recalled significantly fewer words than did TD children. Children with ASD added features to modify the scene, to limit it, or to express it concretely with features of incorrect answers. Therefore, it is suggested that children with ASD exhibit enhanced partial processing at the stage of retrieving semantic memory of words, and exhibit weaknesses in integrating the meaning of the whole sentence.
Recent advances in the design of photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates for computed radiography (CR) systems have made it possible to manufacture plates made of BaFI:Eu phosphor material in the ...cassette form. The image quality of this plate, six BaF(Br,I):Eu plates, and one BaFBr:Eu plate were evaluated in terms of presampling modulation transfer function (MTF), normalized Wiener spectra (WSN), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Compared with the best-performing BaF(Br,I):Eu plate, the BaFI:Eu plate provided DQE that was higher, at spatial frequencies of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 cycles/mm, by 12% (21.8 versus 19.4), 13% (18.8 versus 16.7), and 11% (12.0 versus 10.8), respectively. Since presampling MTF values of the two plates were comparable, the BaFI:Eu plate's higher DQE is attributable to total WSN conversely being lower by 17% 8.65 x 10(-5) (mm2) versus 10.38 x 10(-5) (mm2), 17% 5.85 x 10(-5) (mm2) versus 7.03 x 10(-5) (mm2), and 12% 2.82 x 10(-5) (mm2) versus 3.19 x 10(-5) (mm2) at the specified frequencies, respectively, primarily due to the contribution of x-ray quantum WSN. This jibes with the high x-ray absorption provided by the 27%-higher x-ray attenuation coefficients (7.54 versus 6.07, at 60 KeV) that BaFI offers over BaF(Br(0.85),I(0.15)), a result of the high atomic number of BaFI's exclusively iodine halide content. The results were consistent with earlier studies of several of these same plates and indicate that BaFI:Eu is a promising avenue to lower image noise and higher overall CR system image quality.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Fine MgO powder was prepared using microwave cold plasma (glow discharge plasma) as the heat source, and its crystal structure and catalytic properties were examined. Mg(OH)2 was used as the raw ...material, and MgO samples were prepared with variable parameters of microwave output and treatment time. After the start of heating, the temperature of the plasma immediately rose to 1100 C. MgO fine powders were formed by heating the hydroxide for 1-2 min. The samples obtained had a large specific surface area (eg., 350 m2 g-1). The morphology of the samples as seem by SEM were net-like with micropores of a few hundred nanometres in diameter,Unlike the flat morphology obtained in electric furnace heating. Solid basicity measurements revealed that the powders had strong surface basic sites of H- between 27.0 and 33.0. The catalytic properties were studied using the condensation of benzaldehyde and the oxidative coupling of methane, which are typical base-catalytic reactions; the MgO prepared by plasma heating exhibited high activity in both reactions.
In the present study we examined how perceptions of depth and the occluding edge in the optical tunnel were affected by head movement of an observer. The optical tunnel was displayed on a CRT and was ...observed under active and passive conditions. The results indicated that there were little perceptual differences between active and passive conditions. In the active condition a pattern was linked to an observer's head movement. In addition, in the passive condition an observer saw a series of transformations of the pattern similar to the perception of the pattern in the active condition. But in a second passive condition the pattern moved laterally at a uniform velocity and the perceptual outcome was different from the others. The results suggest that if the available optical information is detected then an observer's perception is the same under either active or passive conditions.
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