One obstacle in diagnostic pathology is the harmonization of one drug-one diagnostic tests for programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). There are many challenges in accurate comparisons of diagnostic ...tests, such as differences in the titer of each antibody, detection system and dynamic range of visualization. Our previously developed digital immunostaining technique is highly sensitive and quantitative with the ability to quantify particles that bind in a one-to-one fashion with antibody in each cell. Determining the differences in the titer of each antibody with digital immunostaining may be beneficial for future harmonized analysis. To demonstrate the accuracy of digital immunostaining, the present study compared the number of particles with ELISA and nCounter data from five cell lines. NCI-H460 exhib-ited the highest level of PD-L1 protein, followed by A549, PC-3, NCI-H1299, and NCI-H446 cells. In addition, the PD-L1 mRNA values determined by nCounter corresponded with the order of the protein levels determined by ELISA. The present study revealed that digital immunostaining for PD-L1 was highly associated with ELISA and nCounter data. Among the four antibodies tested, the titer of all but SP142 coincided with ELISA and nCounter data. These results indicated that our digital immunostaining technique may be beneficial for future harmonized analysis.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A 27-year-old man with a 4-month history of treatment for miliary tuberculosis at another hospital was admitted to our hospital for continued treatment. Computed tomography showed new lesions in the ...S8 area of the liver and spleen, despite resolution of chest radiographic findings. Because these new lesions were still present after 8 months of treatment, we performed laparoscopic drainage of the liver abscess. Purulent material drained from the lesion revealed positive polymerase chain reaction results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and identification of granuloma with infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells confirmed the diagnosis of tubercular liver abscess. Pathological changes in the spleen over the clinical course were also regarded as representing tubercular abscess. Postoperative course was good, and tuberculosis treatment ended after 12 months. Tubercular liver abscess subsequently showed prominent reduction, and the tubercular splenic abscess disappeared on abdominal ultrasonography. Tubercular hepatosplenic abscesses appearing during tubercular treatment are rare. We report this valuable case in which laparoscopic drainage of a liver abscess proved useful for diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose It is well known that non-verbal information plays an important role in interpersonal communication. Non-verbal information consists of visual information like line of sight and gestures, ...auditory information like prosody, touch information like physical contact, and olfactory information like perfume. Facial expressions and gestures are, especially, help to make everyday conversation smooth. However, people with low vision are unable to see facial expressions and gestures clearly, so they face various kinds of hurdles in interpersonal communication. We investigated their difficulties in order to consider a solution. Methods We sent 37 questionnaires to adults with low vision. We focused on a) their disability level, b) difficulties with interpersonal communication, and c) communication strategies acquired from their experiences. Results From these questionnaires, we found the following. When we specify who talked to whom, most people without any visual impairment focus attention on the direction of the face, line of sight, and gesture. However, some people with low vision said that it is difficult to pick out these kinds of visual information. Another person stressed that they can't clearly distinguish between "YES" or "NO" facial expressions. Some people with congenital low vision could not understand the meaning of line of sight and facial expressions.
We studied the effects of TNF-converting enzyme inhibition with Y-41654, which down-regulates the production of soluble TNF-alpha (sTNF-alpha), on acute lung injury induced by intratracheal ...administration of LPS. We first verified in vitro that pretreatment of isolated alveolar macrophages from Sprague-Dawley male rats with 20 microL of 0.1-mM Y-41654, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) the concentration of sTNF-alpha in cell supernatants induced by 10 microg/mL of LPS. We then studied four groups of rats (each n = 10) including 1) a control group, 2) an LPS group (300 microg /kg, instilled intratracheally), 3) a Y-41654 group, and 4) a treatment group treated with Y-41654 after LPS instillation. Y-41654, 10 mg/kg in 0.7 mL of phosphate-buffered saline, was administered (i.v.), 15 min before and 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 h after saline or LPS instillation. The animals were observed for 4 h. In the animals treated with Y-41654, the concentrations of sTNF-alpha and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the number of neutrophils in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower at 4 h than in the LPS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sTNF-alpha plays an important role in the development of acute lung injury induced by intratracheal administration of LPS, in part modulating neutrophil kinetics.
The present study investigated the effect of stimulus type of the visual stop-signal task on the behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) in two groups of the typical adult ...population grouped by their ADHD tendency. For this purpose, twenty-three participants were divided into two groups according to the scores of CAARS (hADHD: high ADHD tendency group, lADHD: low ADHD tendency group). Two conditions, the car condition and the shape condition, were set for the stop-signal task according to its type of stimulus. The behavioral results demonstrated a marked increase in the commission error rate to Go stimulus in the car condition and in the hADHD group. In terms of ERP results, for the hADHD group, there was a significant decrease in the Go-N2 and the SST-N2 amplitude, in addition to the significant shortening of SST-P3. No marked differences were demonstrated according to the stimulus type. The results of behavioral performance and Go-N2 suggested the marked difficulty in making distinction between left and right in the hADHD group as compared to the lADHD regardless of the conditions. Further, the results of the SST-N2 suggested the difficulty in response control in the hADHD group. The results also suggested that the possible effectiveness of the priming effect between Go and Stop stimuli might be effective to ADHD population. The results also suggested the possible improvement in response control process in hADHD group by the semantic relativity between Go and Stop stimuli.
The purpose of this study is to develop a new functional visual field assessment system for young children and people with intellectual disabilities who cannot read sentences fluently. To specify the ...reliability and the clinical usefulness of this system, two experiments were conducted. The results of the experiments showed the possibility of this assessment system being a useful tool when determining the font size and reading direction suited for maximizing reading performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We examined neurocognitive process of response control during the Stop-signal task by setting up the difference of visual stimulus condition. The aim of this study was to examine how the type of Go ...and Stop stimuli and combination of them, related to car (the car stimulus condition) and sign (the sign stimulus condition), is reflected in behavioral performances and ERP. Twenty-three adults participated in this experiment. As a result, the reaction time (RT) and the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) was significantly prolonged in the car stimulus condition, and also the commission error rate to Go stimulus was significantly increased, than in the sign stimulus condition. In ERP, significantly higher GFP peak and longer GFP latency from 175 ms to 225 ms after the Go stimulus was onset, in the car stimulus condition. Similarly, significantly higher GFP peak from 175 ms to 225 ms after the Stop stimulus was onset, and significantly lower GFP peak from 230 ms to 400 ms after the Stop stimulus was onset, additionally the amplitude of the SST-P3 decreased in the car stimulus condition, than in the sign stimulus condition. These results suggest that the difference of the stimulus condition, especially the difficulty of the stimuli distinction, affects the attentional resource allocation to the both Go stimuli and Stop ones in the Stop-signal task. And the effects might be reflected in the both behavioral performances and ERPs.
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