Numerical simulation and analysis of transient sprays were performed based on an Eulerian gas and Lagrangian drop formulation coupled with a newly developed combustion model which takes into account ...intermediate species of H2 and CO. The formulation consists of the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species. All equations are solved numerically in fully coupled form. Numerical results are presented paying attention to the local mixing in the transient spray flame and parametric effects of injection velocity and ambient temperature on the combustion.
The purpose of this research is to develop an objective perimetry using saccadic eye movement (saccade) as an index. In this study, we have collected basic data on the possibility of using saccade as ...an index for visual field measurement, and developed a prototype of objective perimetry system combining VSG and EyetrackerToolbox. Three experiments were conducted in this research. In Experiment 1, we tested whether or not saccade occurs when the target appears in peripheral visual field. In Experiment 2, after the target disappeared, it examined whether or not the line of vision moves to the place where it has the target. In Experiment 3, we tested the perimeter that developed on the basis of the result of Experiment 1 and 2. Finally, objective measurement of visual field is possible with the device and the procedure that we developed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The purpose of this research is to make adjustments to the objective automatic perimetry method using saccadic eye movement, so that it can be applied to clinical situations. In this study, we have ...conducted four experiments using several variables and collected basic data necessary for applying the new perimetry method in clinical situations. As a result, the following four findings were obtained from experiments: (1) in some people, it might be difficult for saccadic eye movement to occur when the target duration is short; but (2) it is possible that saccadic eye movement will immediately occur towards the target position with the use of reinforcement; (3) it is possible that the use of cartoon figure as a fixation point in the perimetry would presumably allow field of vision measurement; and (4) it is possible to assess the field of vision without the use of a fixation point. The improved objective automatic perimetry system now has the potential for wider clinical application.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A microwave-induced cold plasma was used as a heat source to prepare metal oxide powders from raw materials including hydroxides, carbonates, hydrates and sols. The heating conditions were adjusted ...by controlling the internal pressure of the reactor and the microwave output projected into the reactor. A few minutes heating in the reactor produced oxides having similar or better properties to those prepared by conventional heating for hours. Silica and alumina fine powders were amongst those prepared. 18 refs.
Background: Writing letters to the editor based on critical appraisal can serve as the first step in scholarly activity. The workshop in this study focused on educating physicians about the best ways ...to write letters to the editor. Methods: We conducted a 90-minute workshop as a part of scientific conference. Participants were physicians and medical students who chose to join this workshop. We developed the following learning outcomes for participants: 1) to be able to explain falsificationism; 2) to be able to explain how to check author instructions; 3) to be able to explain how to write a letter to the editor. Results: Twenty-eight participants, including three medical students, attended the workshop. Participants' satisfaction with the workshop had a mean of 4.5 points out of 5 (standard deviation: 0.5). Nearly 80% of participants achieved the learning outcomes. Four participants' groups submitted letters within a month after the workshop, and all four were published. These four groups encompassed a total of 13 authors. In addition, none of the first author of each letter had previously written a clinical research paper. Findings and Discussion: This workshop improved not only the participants' knowledge but it also led to the concrete result of four published letters. Japanese physicians would be able to use this framework to write letters to the editor.
CONTEXTIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by diffuse interstitial inflammation and fibroblast proliferation with accelerated remodeling of extracellular matrix, which result in ...irreversible destruction of the lung's architecture. OBJECTIVETo elucidate the production levels, tissue localization, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7) in the lungs of patients with IPF. DESIGNBronchoalveolar lavage analysis was performed in 17 IPF patients and 6 healthy volunteers. Levels of MMP-7 in blood were assayed in 23 IPF patients and 20 controls. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on paraffin sections of the lung tissues from patients with IPF, interstitial pneumonia associated with rheumatoid arthritis, or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. RESULTSThe proMMP-7 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from IPF patients were significantly higher than those from healthy controls, although there was no difference in the serum levels between the 2 groups. By immunohistochemistry, proMMP-7 was localized mainly to the hyperplastic alveolar and metaplastic bronchiolar epithelial cells in the lung tissues from IPF patients. Active MMP-7 was immunolocalized on alveolar macrophages and hyperplastic epithelial cells, which were also immunostained with antibody against CD151, a molecule associated with activation of proMMP-7. Immunoblot analysis indicated the overproduction of proMMP-7 together with a small amount of active MMP-7 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from IPF patients. The MMP-7 activity was detected in a cross-linked carboxymethylated transferrin film assay. CONCLUSIONSproMMP-7 is excessively produced by hyperplastic alveolar and metaplastic bronchiolar epithelial cells and activated locally in the lungs of IPF patients, suggesting that MMP-7 may contribute to the pathology of IPF.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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