Purpose
This study aims to reveal the contribution mechanism of various types of intrafirm networks formed among inventors to firms’ searching for new knowledge. This study also intends to show how ...this mechanism is influenced by the geographic dispersion of inventors and the external alliance of firms.
Design/methodology/approach
This study develops an analytical framework building on social network theory to explain the collective search among inventors within the firm. The authors validate the hypotheses using the data from 316 publicly traded biotechnology firms in the USA.
Findings
As demonstrated by the findings, intrafirm network clustering facilitates the search for new knowledge. The geographic dispersion of inventors’ location has a negative moderating effect on this relation, whereas the number of alliance partners has a positive moderating effect on this relation. By contrast, the search for new knowledge is hampered by the intrafirm network average path length. The geographic dispersion of inventors positively moderates this relation, whereas a firm’s alliance partner number negatively moderates this relation.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine the joint effect of intrafirm networks, inventors’ geographic locations and external alliances on the new knowledge-searching process. This study points out that new knowledge acquired through inventors’ geographic locations and alliance partners is internalized efficiently according to different types of internal networks.
The availability of large-scale image captioning and visual question answering datasets has contributed significantly to recent successes in vision-and-language pretraining. However, these datasets ...are often collected with overrestrictive requirements inherited from their original target tasks (e.g., image caption generation), which limit the resulting dataset scale and diversity. We take a step further in pushing the limits of vision-and-language pretraining data by relaxing the data collection pipeline used in Conceptual Captions 3M (CC3M) 54 and introduce the Conceptual 12M (CC12M), a dataset with 12 million image-text pairs specifically meant to be used for visionand-language pre-training. We perform an analysis of this dataset and benchmark its effectiveness against CC3M on multiple downstream tasks with an emphasis on long-tail visual recognition. Our results clearly illustrate the benefit of scaling up pre-training data for vision-and-language tasks, as indicated by the new state-of-the-art results on both the nocaps and Conceptual Captions benchmarks. 1
The investment of innovation capital of retail enterprises is increasing year by year, while there is a mismatch between the level of innovation capital investment and the quantity and quality of ...innovation talents. At this stage, it is particularly critical to continuously improve the social value of the retail industry in order to accelerate the sharing of development level. How to evaluate the high-quality development of retail listed companies more reasonably and effectively has become an urgent issue. Therefore, taking 75 retail listed companies as the research objects, this paper uses entropy weight method to evaluate the high-quality development of retail listed companies, and constructs the high-quality development evaluation system of retail listed companies in the digital economy era, and the results show that: the overall development quality level of retail enterprises in China is low, and in 2018-2021, the efficiency growth level of retail enterprises is low, the average closeness of the sub-goals of high-quality development of retail enterprises is social sharing, benefit growth, and innovative development, and the average closeness is 0.22, 0.24, and 0.05, respectively. There are serious imbalances in the development of the sub-goals. This paper Through horizontal comparison of the high-quality development of retail industry, this paper finds the common characteristics from the perspective of the industry and provides references for the high-quality development of retail listed companies.
Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) provides an efficient strategy to synthesize highly luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs), however, rational control of emission energy and intensity of metal NCs is ...still challenging. This communication reveals the impact of surface AuI‐thiolate motifs on the AIE properties of Au NCs, by employing a series of water‐soluble glutathione (GSH)‐coordinated Au complexes and NCs as a model (Au10SR10, Au15SR13, Au18SR14, and Au25SR18−, SR=thiolate ligand). Spectroscopic investigations show that the emission wavelength of Au NCs is adjustable from visible to the near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) region by controlling the length of the AuI‐SR motifs on the NC surface. Decreasing the length of AuI‐SR motifs also changes the origin of cluster luminescence from AIE‐type phosphorescence to Au0‐core‐dictated fluorescence. This effect becomes more prominent when the degree of aggregation of Au NCs increases in solution.
Tuning gold: The aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) of Au nanoclusters (NCs) is adjustable from the visible to the near‐infrared II region by controlling the length of the AuI–thiolate motifs on the NC surface. Decreasing the length of AuI‐SR motifs also changes the origin of cluster luminescence from AIE‐type phosphorescence to Au0‐core‐dictated fluorescence.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Prostate cancer (PC) is a very important kind of male malignancies. When PC evolves into a stage of hormone resistance or metastasis, the fatality rate is very high. Currently, discoveries and ...advances in miRNAs as biomarkers have opened the potential for the diagnosis of PC, especially early diagnosis. miRNAs not only can noninvasively or minimally invasively identify PC, but also can provide the data for optimization and personalization of therapy. Moreover, miRNAs have been shown to play an important role to predict prognosis of PC. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to integrate the currently published expression profile data of miRNAs in PC, and evaluate the value of miRNAs as biomarkers for PC. All of relevant records were selected via electronic databases: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and CNKI based on the assessment of title, , and full text. we extracted mean ± SD or fold change of miRNAs expression levels in PC versus BPH or normal controls. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS), were also calculated to detect the relationship between high miRNAs expression and PC prognosis. Selected 104 articles were published in 2007‐2017. According to the inclusion criteria, 104 records were included for this meta‐analysis. The pooled or stratified analyze showed 10 up‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐18a, miR‐34a, miR‐106b, miR‐141, miR‐182, miR‐183, miR‐200a/b, miR‐301a, and miR‐375) and 14 down‐regulated miRNAs (miR‐1, miR‐23b/27b, miR‐30c, miR‐99b, miR‐139‐5p, miR‐152, miR‐187, miR‐204, miR‐205, miR‐224, miR‐452, miR‐505, and let‐7c) had relatively good diagnostic and predictive potential to discriminate PC from BPH/normal controls. Furthermore, high expression of miR‐32 and low expression of let‐7c could be used to differentiate metastatic PC from local/primary PC. Additional interesting findings were that the expression profiles of five miRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐30c, miR‐129, miR‐145, and let‐7c) could predict poor RFS of PC, while the evaluation of miR‐375 was associated with worse OS. miRNAs are important regulators in PC progression. Our results indicate that miRNAs are suitable for predicting the different stages of PC. The detection of miRNAs is an effective way to control patient's prognosis and evaluate therapeutic efficacy. However, large‐scale detections based on common clinical guidelines are still necessary to further validate our conclusions, due to the bias induced by molecular heterogeneity and differences in study design and detection methods.
miRNAs have been shown to play an important role to predict prognosis of PC. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to integrate the currently published expression profile data of miRNAs in PC, and evaluate the value of miRNAs as biomarkers for PC.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
BACKGROUND:Abnormal amino acid metabolism is associated with vascular disease. However, the causative link between dysregulated tryptophan metabolism and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown.
...METHODS:Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. Mice with deficiencies in both apolipoprotein e (Apoe) and IDO (Apoe/IDO) were generated by cross-breeding IDO mice with Apoe mice.
RESULTS:The acute infusion of angiotensin II markedly increased the incidence of AAA in Apoe mice, but not in Apoe/IDO mice, which presented decreased elastic lamina degradation and aortic expansion. These features were not altered by the reconstitution of bone marrow cells from IDO mice. Moreover, angiotensin II infusion instigated interferon-γ, which induced the expression of IDO and kynureninase and increased 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) levels in the plasma and aortas of Apoe mice, but not in IDO mice. Both IDO and kynureninase controlled the production of 3-HAA in vascular smooth muscle cells. 3-HAA upregulated matrix metallopeptidase 2 via transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. Furthermore, kynureninase knockdown in mice restrained 3-HAA, matrix metallopeptidase 2, and resultant AAA formation by angiotensin II infusion. Intraperitoneal injections of 3-HAA into Apoe and Apoe/IDO mice for 6 weeks increased the expression and activity of matrix metallopeptidase 2 in aortas without affecting metabolic parameters. Finally, human AAA samples had stronger staining with the antibodies against 3-HAA, IDO, and kynureninase than those in adjacent nonaneurysmal aortic sections of human AAA samples.
CONCLUSIONS:These data define a previously undescribed causative role for 3-HAA, which is a product of tryptophan metabolism, in AAA formation. Furthermore, these findings suggest that 3-HAA reduction may be a new target for treating cardiovascular diseases.
Recently, various lanthanide ions (Ln3+) have been successfully doped into perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), and the quantum-cutting emission of 2F5/2–2F7/2 for Yb3+with a measurable inner efficiency ...of more than 100% has been discovered and applied as the luminescent converter of solar cells, which has opened a new branch for the application of PQDs. In this work, to further improve the quantum-cutting efficiency of Yb3+, the codoping and tridoping methods were used to improve the quantum-cutting emission of PQDs. The Yb3+–Ln3+ (Ln = Nd, Dy, Tb, Pr, Ce) pair-doped CsPbCl x Br y I3–x–y PQDs were fabricated, with all displaying excitonic emission, narrow-band emission of Ln3+ ions, and quantum-cutting emission of Yb3+ ions. It was interesting that Yb3+–Pr3+ as well as Yb3+–Ce3+ pairs could effectively sensitize the emission of Yb3+, owing to Pr3+ and Ce3+ ions offering intermediate energy states close to the exciton transition energy of the PQDs. After host composition optimization and tridoping investigation, overall emissions with a 173% photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) were obtained in the Yb3+–Pr3+–Ce3+-tridoped CsPbClBr2 PQDs. Then, the tridoped PQDs were designed as the down-converter for CuIn1–x Ga x Se2 (CIGS) as well as the silicon solar cells, which leads to an enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of as high as ∼20%. The modified CIGS was further employed to charge the smart mobile phone, which could largely shorten the charging time from 180 to 150 min. This finding is of great significant for expanding the application fields of the impurity-doped PQDs.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
In recent years, renewable and sustainable triboelectric nanogenerators have attracted attention due to their high energy conversion rate, and enhancing their functionality further contributes to ...their applicability across various fields. A pH-sensitive triboelectric nanogenerator (pH-TENG) has been prepared by electrostatic spinning technology, with anthocyanin as the pH indicator and environmentally friendly polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the substrate. Among many friction-negative materials, the pH-TENG exhibits the best combination with fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and yields an open-circuit voltage of 62 V, a short-circuit current of 370 nA, and a transferred charge of 21.8 nC. At a frequency of 3 Hz, it can charge a 4.7 μF capacitor to 2 V within 45 s, effectively powering a thermometer. Furthermore, the presence of anthocyanin does not affect the pH-TENG's power generation performance and enables the monitoring of a wide range of environmental pH changes, with an ΔE change of 28.8 ± 7.6. Therefore, pH-TENG prepared with environmentally friendly materials can bring new available materials to the biological and medical fields.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a marker of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Maintaining the function of ...mitochondria is important for improving the survival of neurons and maintaining neuronal function. Damaged mitochondria induce neuronal cell apoptosis by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-apoptotic factors. Mitochondrial fission and fusion processes and mitophagy are of great importance to mitochondrial quality control. This paper reviews the dynamic changes in mitochondria, the roles of mitochondria in different cell types, and related signaling pathways in ischemic stroke. This review describes in detail the role of mitochondria in the process of neuronal injury and protection in cerebral ischemia, and integrates neuroprotective drugs targeting mitochondria in recent years, which may provide a theoretical basis for the progress of treatment of ischemic stroke. The potential of mitochondrial-targeted therapy is also emphasized, which provides valuable insights for clinical research.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The existence of heavy neutrinos is the most prominent feature of type-I seesaw-like mechanisms, which naturally explain tiny masses of observed neutrinos. Various experiments have been conducted to ...search for heavy neutrinos, with meson decays sensitive to heavy neutrinos lighter than
B
mesons and high energy collider experiments sensitive to the ones with masses larger than
O
(
0.1
)
TeV. In between, there is a mass gap uncovered by these two kinds of experiments, and by this work, we investigate the 3–15 GeV neutrino searches at future
Z
-factories via the process
e
-
e
+
→
Z
→
ν
N
→
ν
ℓ
q
¯
q
′
with
ℓ
=
e
,
μ
. Based on the simulation of signal and background events, we find that the signals appear as monojet events owning to the large Lorentz boost of the heavy neutrinos. Furthermore, the substructures of such monojet are essential to reconstruct the signal and suppress the background. The upper bounds on the cross section of the signal process and the mixing parameter
V
ℓ
N
2
are obtained. Compared with other experiments, the monojet method at future
Z
-factories will be able to fill the gap around this mass range.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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