In this work, tri-phase direct dual S-scheme ZnO–V2O5–WO3 heterostructured nanocomposite and pure ZnO, V2O5, and WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by using a facile co-precipitation approach to ...investigate antibacterial and photocatalytic characteristics of the grown nanocomposite. The physical properties of as-synthesized products were examined by employing characterization techniques such as Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The XRD results confirmed the formation of pristine ZnO, V2O5, WO3 nanoparticles and the existence of diffraction peaks related to hexagonal phase ZnO, orthorhombic V2O5, and monoclinic phase of WO3 in ZnO–V2O5–WO3 nanocomposite. The variation in structural parameters was studied by SSP, Scherrer plot, and W–H models. The energy bandgap of nanocomposite (2.63 eV) was calculated from UV–vis spectroscopy, which indicated the usability as a photocatalyst under direct sunlight. FTIR and Raman's spectra also supported the formation of the ZnO–V2O5–WO3 nanocomposite. Spherical and roughly hexagonal morphology were seen in SEM images. EDX analysis has confirmed the existence of Zn, V, W, and O in the nanocomposite. The antibacterial test against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus Vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria showed higher activity. The photocatalytic performance of the ZnO–V2O5–WO3 nanocomposite (99.8%) was the highest against methylene blue (MB) as compared to pure ZnO (78.8%), V2O5 (85.8%), and WO3 (80.0%) under natural sunlight. The degradation efficiency of ZnO–V2O5–WO3 against cresol red (CR), rhodamine-B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), safranin-O (SO), and methyl red (MR) dyes was 67.0%, 86.6%, 98.0%, 76.8%, and 99.0%, respectively, under direct sunlight in 80 min. Different schematic models are designed to illustrate the photocatalytic reaction mechanism, whereas the separation of charge carriers and enhanced photocatalytic performance can be efficiently explained by S-scheme.
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•Facile synthesis of tri-phase direct dual S-scheme ZnO–V2O5-WO3 heterostructured NC and pure ZnO, V2O5, and WO3 NPs.•SEM, EDX, XRD, Raman, FTIR, and UV–vis was carried out.•The photocatalytic performance was tested against MB, CR, RhB, MO, SO, and MR dyes.•S-scheme is more efficient than other schemes for enhancing photocatalytic activity.•The antibacterial test against different bacteria strain was performed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Metal oxide nanoparticles and their composites with conducting polymers, specifically Polyaniline (PANI) were utilized for fabricating nanoscale supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials. In the ...present study, we have synthesized pristine Pr2O3, NiO, Co3O4 nanoparticles, binary PANI-Pr2O3, PANI-NiO, PANI-Co3O4, ternary Pr2O3–NiO–Co3O4, and quaternary PANI-Pr2O3–NiO–Co3O4 spherical core-shell nanocomposite using co-precipitation and ultra-sonication methods. The grown samples were characterized with different analytical techniques. The XRD pattern revealed that the as-synthesized products were crystalline with Pr2O3 hexagonal phase, NiO cubic phase, and Co3O4 cubic phase in pure and nanocomposites. The Williamson-Hall, Scherrer, and size-strain plot methods were employed to study the crystalline development and contribution of micro-strain. FTIR pattern exhibited the metal-oxygen and PANI bond vibrations. FE-SEM images shown the spherical core-shell shape morphology of quaternary nanocomposite. EDX evident the presence of praseodymium, cobalt, and nickel in synthesized samples. UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed the absorption in the visible region. The IV graphs showed a higher conductivity of quaternary nanocomposite. The cyclic voltammetry results revealed that the quaternary nanocomposite has a higher specific capacitance 500 Fg-1 as compared to binary nanocomposites 134 F g−1 (PANI-Pr2O3), 143 F g−1 (PANI-Co3O4), 256 F g−1 (PANI-NiO), and PANI (90.8 F g−1) at a scan rate of 5 m Vs−1. The GCD results also showed that the quaternary nanocomposite has a higher specific capacitance of 905 F g−1 at current density 1 A g−1 with maximum energy density and power density of 87.99 kWhkg-1 and 2.6 k W kg−1, respectively. The EIS curve also confirmed that the quaternary nanocomposite has a lower polarization resistance (Rp) and solution resistance (Rs). The higher capacitance of quaternary nanocomposite can facilitate ion transfer, and the formation of its core-shell structure flourish to enhance surface-dependent electrochemical properties. Furthermore, this study gives a novel research idea to manufacture electrode materials for supercapacitors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Pristine CdO and chromium (Cr)-cobalt (Co) co-doped CdO nanowires via a facile co-precipitation protocol were synthesized and characterized with different analytical techniques to investigate its ...physical, photocatalytic, antibacterial, and electrochemical properties. The co-doping of Cr-Co into CdO matrix and their structural variations were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra also confirmed the doping of Cr and Co ions. The energy bandgap was extracted by employing different methods using UV–vis results, exhibited redshift by decreasing Co contents and blue shift by increasing Cr concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the preparation of nanowires. The photocatalytic and antibacterial experiments results showed the higher photodegradation efficiency against methylene blue (MB) (99.5%), methyl orange (MO) (90.6%), rhodamine-B (RhB) (87.5%), safranin-O (SF) (87.5%), and methyl red (MR) dyes (99.99%), after 60 min of sunlight illumination and the higher zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus for optimal doped Cd0.90Co0.05Cr0.05O (Cd4) sample. The recyclability tests using Cd4 catalyst were exhibited higher stability up to 5th cycles. The higher ability to decompose dyes and kill bacteria is due to the generation of reactive species, confirmed by the radical trapping experiments. The electrochemical measurements were revealed that the Cd4 sample has a higher specific capacitance of 500 F/ g− 1 at 10 mV/s scan rate, excellent energy density 72 Wh/Kg, and greater power density of 4800 W kg− 1 at a current density of 0.1 A/g. Furthermore, the properties of CdO can be tuned by co-doping for making it a useful material for photocatalyst, supercapacitors electrodes, and antibacterial applications.
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•Pristine CdO and Cr-Co co-doped CdO nanowires were synthesized via a facile co-precipitation method.•Different analytical techniques such as XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, IV, SEM, CV, EIS, and GCD were used.•Enhanced photocatalytic performance against various pollutants with stability upto 5th cycle was achieved.•Improved antibacterial characteristics against different human pathogenic bacterial strain was attained.•The higher specific capacitance, energy density, and power density at optimal loading of Cr and Co were obtained.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nowadays, environmental pollution due to discharge of organic pollutants from food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries into clean water and development of contagious diseases due to pathogenic ...organisms provide impetus to material researcher to fabricate novel design for efficient photocatalyst and antimicrobial agents. In this regard, designing a core-shell heterojunction catalyst based on metal oxides is considered an auspicious approach. In present study, combating the problems of singular oxides, core-shell PANI-CeO2-Fe2O3–NiO nanocomposite (PCFN) and CeO2–Fe2O3–NiO nanocomposite (CFN) was synthesized through sol-gel and oxidative polymerization route with cetyletrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. The XRD, FTIR, and Raman confirmed the formation of nanocomposites with core-shell morphology composed of PANI (shell) and oxides (Core) in PCFN with a particle size of 52 nm (TEM). Surprisingly, PCFN has lower band gap, e−/h+ recombination, and larger charge transfer character than CFN. The decomposition test using MB and MO dyes showed that PCFN degraded 99%, 98%, while CFN degraded only 73% and 54%, respectively, under 50 min sunlight illumination. The reusability was assessed up to 7th cycle for PCFN. The influence of operational parameters (catalyst dose, dye concentration, pH) was tested for PCFN. Further, the antimicrobial action against S. aureus (gram + ve), E. coli (gram -ve) were also tested. The supreme performance of PCFN has been credited to heterostructure dual Z-scheme formation and core-shell morphology supported with PANI, which suppresses the e−/h+ recombination process by promoting their separation. The present finding indicated that the PCFN is a promising modifier for bacterial disinfection and acts as a superb photocatalyst through core-shell formation with PANI support.
•Synthesis of core-shell PANI-CeO2-Fe2O3–NiO nanocomposite via solution method.•Enhanced photodegradation of MB and MO dyes under natural sunlight.•The higher ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains.•Dual Z-scheme heterostructure formation leads to better charge transfer.•Efficient catalyst for dye pollutant elimination and bacterial disinfection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Novel tri-phase CuO–MgO–ZnO nanocomposite was prepared using the co-precipitation technique and investigated its physical properties using characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, Raman, IV, ...UV-vis, PL, and SEM. The application of grown CuO–MgO–ZnO nanocomposite for the degradation of various dyes under sunlight and antibacterial activity against different bacteria were studied. The XRD confirmed the existence of diffraction peaks related to CuO (monoclinic), MgO (cubic), and ZnO (hexagonal) with CuO phase 40%, MgO 24%, and ZnO 36%. The optical energy gap of nanocomposite was 2.9 eV, which made it an efficient catalyst under sunlight. Raman and FTIR spectra have further confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite. SEM images revealed agglomerated rod-shaped morphology. EDX results showed the atomic percentage of a constituent element in this order Cu>Zn>Mg. PL results demonstrate the presence of intrinsic defects. The photocatalytic activity against methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), rhodamine-B (RhB), cresol red (CR), and P-nitroaniline (P-Nitro) dyes has shown the excellent degradation efficiencies 88.5%, 93.5%, 75.9%, 98.8%, and 98.6% at 5 ppm dye concentration and 82.6%, 83.6%, 64.3%, 93.1%, and 94.3% at 10 ppm dye concentration in 100 min, respectively, under sunlight illumination. The higher degradation is due to the generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The recyclability test showed the reusability of catalyst up to the 5th cycle. The antibacterial activity against
Escherichia coli
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Proteus Vulgaris
,
Staphylococcus aureus
, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacteria with the zone of inhibition 30, 31, 30, 30, and 30 mm, respectively, was achieved.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In the present work, pristine anatase titanium oxide (TiO
2
), vanadium oxide (V
2
O
5
), and yttrium oxide (Y
2
O
3
) nanopowders (NPs), and tri-phase TiO
2
–Y
2
O
3
–V
2
O
5
nanocomposite (NC) were ...prepared via a simple co-precipitation method. The grown products were characterized by employing a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The XRD diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of NC having TiO
2
tetragonal, Y
2
O
3
cubic, and V
2
O
5
orthorhombic phases. FTIR spectra evident the presence of metal–oxygen bond in NPs and NC. The energy bandgap (2.55 eV) of NC is found in the range of visible region specified its use as an efficient photocatalyst under sunlight illumination. EDX analysis confirmed the existence of Ti, Y, and V in the nanocomposite. The antibacterial studies against
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumonia
, and
Proteus vulgaris
bacteria by varying concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg ml
−1
) showed that the NC has higher antibacterial activity than individual oxides. The photocatalytic activity exhibited that NC has the highest degradation efficiency 99.29%, 90.69%, and 99.83% against methylene blue (MB), safranin-O (SO), and methyl orange (MO) dyes as compared to pristine TiO
2
, V
2
O
5
, and Y
2
O
3
NPs under 80 min direct sunlight irradiation. Furthermore, the grown NC is a good candidate for treating organic pollutants and bacteria inactivation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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•Direct dual Z-scheme ZnO-Ho2O3-Sm2O3, PANI-ZnO-Ho2O3-Sm2O3, and rGO-ZnO-Ho2O3-Sm2O3 (NCR) heterostructure nanocomposites were fabricated via co-precipitation and ultra-sonication ...routes.•Good reusability, substantial stability, and high photodegradation efficiency for MB, MR, and P-Nitro dyes under sunlight, by rGO anchored photocatalyst.•The higher antibacterial performance of rGO-ZnO-Ho2O3-Sm2O3 against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. vulgarisbacterial strains.•The charge carrier separation and transmission were synergistically boosted by Z-scheme and rGO sheet.
In this work, a direct dual Z-scheme ZnO-Ho2O3-Sm2O3 (NC), polyaniline PANI-ZnO-Ho2O3-Sm2O3 (NCP), and reduced graphene oxide rGO-ZnO-Ho2O3-Sm2O3 (NCR) heterostructure nanocomposites were fabricated successfully. The XRD diffractograms confirmed that ZnO has hexagonal, while Ho2O3, and Sm2O3 have cubic phases in all grown composites. FTIR data exhibited the existence of the PANI, rGO, and metal–oxygen vibration. Raman spectra revealed the presence of optical phonon modes of individual oxides in nanocomposites. PL results disclose the lower charge carrier recombination rate in NCR. SEM images confirmed the anchoring of roughly spherical nanoparticles of NC with PANI and rGO. The UV–Vis analysis showed that the optical energy bandgap was 2.95 eV, 2.88 eV, and 2.81 eV for NC, NCP, and NCR, respectively. The EIS results exhibited a lower charge transfer resistance of NCR than others. The photocatalytic performance against MB, MR, and P-Nitro dyes under sunlight exhibited NCR > NCP > NC efficiency for all dyes in 60 min. The recyclability tests have confirmed the reusability upto six cycles. The antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. Vulgarisbacteria displayed a higher activity for NCR. The boosted photocatalytic and antibacterial performance of NCR have ascribed the existence of Z-scheme supported with rGO, promote electron/hole separation and hinder the charge carrier’s recombination. The results clearly demonstrate that the as-grown nanocomposites can be used as an effective material for bacterial disinfection and wastewater treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the present study, pristine ZnO, Y2O3, binary PANI-Y2O3, PANI-ZnO, Y2O3–ZnO, and novel ternary PANI-Y2O3–ZnO nanocomposites were prepared via co-precipitation and ultra-sonication techniques. The ...XRD pattern evident the formation of pristine oxides and binary/ternary nanocomposites. FTIR analysis showed the benzenoid ring stretching, C–H, and C–N in-plane/out-of-plane vibrations due to PANI and metal-oxygen bonds vibrations, which confirmed nanocomposite formation with PANI. FE-SEM images revealed that PANI covered on Y2O3–ZnO nanocomposite and EDX exhibited the existence of zinc and yttrium in synthesized products. The DC conductivity of ternary nanocomposites is higher than others. The Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) exhibited that PANI-Y2O3–ZnO nanocomposite has greater specific capacitance (Csp) 412 Fg-1 at the scan rate of 10 mVs−1. The Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) also evident the maximum specific capacitance 873 Fg-1 of ternary nanocomposite at an applied current density of 3 A/g with increased energy density 73 Wh/kg and power density 9.1 kW/kg. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) showed that PANI-Y2O3–ZnO nanocomposite has the lowest value of polarization (Rp) resistance and solution (Rs) resistance. The highest value of specific capacitance of novel ternary nanocomposite is due to the rapid charge transfer rate and the enhanced surface-dependent electrochemical properties by PANI. Furthermore, the present findings introduce a novel electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor application.
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•Synthesis of novel ternary PANI-Y2O3–ZnO nanocomposite via simple solution methods.•The greater specific capacitance, energy density, power density and higher cyclic stability of PANI-Y2O3–ZnO.•Boosted electrochemical performance by PANI.•A novel electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor application.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Despite remarkable progress in medical sciences, modern man is still fighting the battle against cancer. In 2022, only in the USA, 640 000 deaths and 2 370 000 patients were reported because of ...cancer. Chemotherapy is the most widely used for cancer treatments. However, chemotherapeutics have severe physicochemical side effects. Therefore, we have prepared poly(amididoamine) dendrimeric carrageenan (CG), sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels by using solution casting methodology. The constituents of hydrogels were cross-linked by mutable quantity of 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methyl silane (APDMS). Hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. Hydrogels exhibited higher swelling volumes in 5-7 pH range.
biodegradation in ribonuclease-A solution and cytocompatibility analysis against DF-1 fibroblasts established their biodegradable and non-toxic nature, which enables them as a suitable carrier for chemotherapeutic compounds. Hence, methotrexate (MTX) as a model drug was loaded on CAP-8 hydrogel and its release was detected by the UV-visible spectrophotometer in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. In 13.5 h, 81.25% and 77.23% of MTX were released at pH 7.4 (blood pH) and 5.3 (tumour pH) in PBS, respectively. MTX was released by super case II mechanism and best fitted to zero-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The synthesized APDMS cross-linked CG/SA/PVA dendrimeric hydrogels could be an efficient model platform for the effective delivery of MTX in cancer treatments.
