Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the risk of colonization with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) in humans in Vietnam associated with non-intensive chicken farming.
Methods
Faecal samples ...from 204 randomly selected farmers and their chickens, and from 306 age- and sex-matched community-based individuals who did not raise poultry were collected. Antimicrobial usage in chickens and humans was assessed by medicine cabinet surveys. WGS was employed to obtain a high-resolution genomic comparison between ESBL-Ec isolated from humans and chickens.
Results
The adjusted prevalence of ESBL-Ec colonization was 20.0% (95% CI 10.8%–29.1%) and 35.2% (95% CI 30.4%–40.1%) in chicken farms and humans in Vietnam, respectively. Colonization with ESBL-Ec in humans was associated with antimicrobial usage (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.08–5.87) but not with involvement in chicken farming. blaCTX-M-55 was the most common ESBL-encoding gene in strains isolated from chickens (74.4%) compared with blaCTX-M-27 in human strains (47.0%). In 3 of 204 (1.5%) of the farms, identical ESBL genes were detected in ESBL-Ec isolated from farmers and their chickens. Genomic similarity indicating recent sharing of ESBL-Ec between chickens and farmers was found in only one of these farms.
Conclusions
The integration of epidemiological and genomic data in this study has demonstrated a limited contribution of non-intensive chicken farming to ESBL-Ec colonization in humans in Vietnam and further emphasizes the importance of reducing antimicrobial usage in both human and animal host reservoirs.
This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to study the efficacy and safety of chamomile for the treatment of state anxiety, generalized anxiety disorders (GADs), sleep quality, and insomnia in ...human. Eleven databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, and Scopus were searched to retrieve relevant randomized control trials (RCTs), and 12 RCTs were included. Random effect meta‐analysis was performed by meta package of R statistical software version 3.4.3 and RevMan version 5.3. Our meta‐analysis of three RCTs did not show any difference in case of anxiety (standardized mean difference = −0.15, 95% CI −0.46, 0.16, P = 0.4214). Moreover, there is only one RCT that evaluated the effect of chamomile on insomnia and it found no significant change in insomnia severity index (P > 0.05). By using HAM‐A scale, there was a significant improvement in GAD after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (mean difference = −1.43, 95% CI −2.47, −0.39, P = 0.007), (MD = −1.79, 95% CI −3.14, −0.43, P = 0.0097), respectively. Noteworthy, our meta‐analysis showed a significant improvement in sleep quality after chamomile administration (standardized mean difference = −0.73, 95% CI −1.23, −0.23, P < 0.005). Mild adverse events were only reported by three RCTs. Chamomile appears to be efficacious and safe for sleep quality and GAD. Little evidence is there to show its effect on anxiety and insomnia. Larger RCTs are needed to ascertain these findings.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Ulvan, a sulfated heteropolysaccharide with structural and functional properties of interest for various uses, was extracted from the green seaweed Ulva papenfussii. U. papenfussii is an unexplored ...Ulva species found in the South China Sea along the central coast of Vietnam. Based on dry weight, the ulvan yield was ~15% (w/w) and the ulvan had a sulfate content of 13.4 wt%. The compositional constitution encompassed L-Rhamnose (Rhap), D-Xylose (Xylp), D-Glucuronic acid (GlcAp), L-Iduronic acid (IdoAp), D-Galactose (Galp), and D-Glucose (Glcp) with a molar ratio of 1:0.19:0.35:0.52:0.05:0.11, respectively. The structure of ulvan was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR) methods. The results showed that the extracted ulvan comprised a mixture of two different structural forms, namely (“A3s”) with the repeating disaccharide →4)-β-D-GlcAp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap 3S-(1→n, and (“B3s”) with the repeating disaccharide →4)-α-L-IdoAp-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap 3S(1→n. The relative abundance of A3s, and B3s was 1:1.5, respectively. The potential anticarcinogenic attributes of ulvan were evaluated against a trilogy of human cancer cell lineages. Concomitantly, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling was also conducted to predict potential adverse reactions stemming from pharmacological interactions. The ulvan showed significant antitumor growth activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (IC50 ≈ 90 µg/mL), human breast cancer cells (IC50 ≈ 85 µg/mL), and cervical cancer cells (IC50 ≈ 67 µg/mL). The QSAR models demonstrated acceptable predictive power, and seven toxicity indications confirmed the safety of ulvan, warranting its candidacy for further in vivo testing and applications as a biologically active pharmaceutical source for human disease treatment.
In vitro grafting is one of the promising techniques for fruit crop breeding. This study was performed to produce in vitro vigorous passion fruit rootstocks and developed a simple in vitro grafting ...protocol with the support of nylon microtubes—a low cost, wide availability, non-toxic and reusable material. The results showed that stem-lTCL explants (longitudinal thin cell layers) cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA gave the highest shoot regeneration, and these shoots were initial materials for micropropagation of passion fruit rootstock. MSM medium containing 5 mg/L AgNPs increased shoot multiplication twofold higher than that of control and significantly reduced leaf yellowing and leaf drop during this stage. Rooting rate and quality of the plantlets were optimal on MSM medium contained with 2.5 mg/L IBA as well as their survival rate was enhanced in nursery. Nylon microtubes improved the efficiency of passion fruit in vitro grafts to 73.33% with yellow passion fruit as rootstock and purple passion fruit nodal segments as scion. In addition, the use of nylon microtubes significantly improved the in vitro growth of in vitro grafted plants resulting in increased survival rate and plantlet growth in the nursery stage. The present results provide an efficient protocol for micropropagation of yellow passion fruit for rootstock and production of purple passion fruit via nylon microtubule-mediated in vitro grafting.
Key message
An efficient protocol was established for multiplication of
in vitro
vigorous passion fruit rootstock via the application of thin cell layer culture techniques, nanotechnology and modification of the culture medium. Nylon microtubes enhanced the success rate of
in vitro
grafting and
ex vitro
grafted plant growth.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Gamification is a popular trend that is applied in many fields such as marketing, advertising, education, administration, and communication. In the field of electronic banking (e-banking), ...gamification uses the available content of businesses, exploits in many different aspects and aims at the ultimate goal of increasing sales, achieving effective marketing. The objective of this paper is to study the factors affecting the adoption of gamification in the field of e-banking. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), through a survey of 193 managers, bankers and customers, gamification application has had a positive impact on the acceptance of this new trend in e-banking. The research results show that: ease of use, usefulness, enjoyment, and convenience have an effect on acceptance of gamification. It also shows that clients can manage their investments and buy more mutual funds, thus increasing their chances of winning the game.
We investigated the consequences of colistin use in backyard chicken farms in Vietnam by examining the prevalence of mcr-1 in fecal samples from chickens and humans. Detection of mcr-1-carrying ...bacteria in chicken samples was associated with colistin use and detection in human samples with exposure to mcr-1-positive chickens.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Along with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), waste management has appeared as a serious issue. Waste management is a daily task in urban areas, which requires a large amount of labour ...resources and affects natural, budgetary, efficiency, and social aspects. Many approaches have been proposed to optimize waste management, such as using the nearest neighbour search, colony optimization, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization methods. However, the results are still too vague and cannot be applied in real systems, such as in universities or cities. Recently, there has been a trend of combining optimal waste management strategies with low-cost IoT architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel method that vigorously and efficiently achieves waste management by predicting the probability of the waste level in trash bins. By using machine learning and graph theory, the system can optimize the collection of waste with the shortest path. This article presents an investigation case implemented at the real campus of Ton Duc Thang University (Vietnam) to evaluate the performance and practicability of the system’s implementation. We examine data transfer on the LoRa module and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system, which is implemented through a simple circuit designed with low cost, ease of use, and replace ability. Our system saves time by finding the best route in the management of waste collection.
Micropropagation of Lang Bian ginseng (
Panax vietnamensis
var.
langbianensis
), an endemic medicinal plant, via somatic embryogenesis (SE) and rhizome formation were investigated. Rhizome explants ...disinfected with 0.15% AgNPs for 30 min resulted in the most effective surface disinfection (contamination, necrosis and survival with callus induction of 36.00%, 14.70% and 49.30%, respectively). Moreover, shoot regeneration (45.33%) and the number of shoots (5.2 shoots) from 0.15% AgNPs disinfected- rhizome were significantly higher than those in others after 12 weeks of culture. The leaf was cut transverse thin cell layer (L-tTCL: 1 mm × 5 mm) and petiole cut longitudinally TCL (P-lTCL: 0.5 mm × 10 mm). L-tTCL explant cultured on MS medium supplemented with 7 mg/L NAA gave 100% SE and 32.80 embryos; meanwhile, P-lTCL explants also obtained 100% SE and 51.80 embryos in 1 mg/L 2,4-D treatment. Adventitious root formation and callus induction were also observed in the auxin-supplemented treatments. In addition, 12-week-old secondary somatic embryos, mainly cotyledonary stage, were obtained from the primary somatic embryo cultured on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Plantlets derived from secondary embryos grew well with 63.34% rhizome formation, 1.27 cm in rhizome length and 0.65 cm in rhizome diameter. Meanwhile, plantlets derived from adventitious shoots only induced adventitious roots and callogenesis after 20 weeks of culture. The analysis of saponins by HPLC method showed that twenty-week-old in vitro rhizomes had Rg1, Rd and Rb1.
Key message
(1) Silver nanoparticles were effective in rhizome surface disinfection. (2) Primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis in Lang Bian ginseng. (3) Rhizome formation with ginsenoside accumulation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Somatic embryos regenerated from AgNPs-sterilized leaf explants of Ngoc Linh ginseng.•Tetraploid induction by colchicine in Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. from somatic embryo.•Tetraploid plantlets ...had vigorous growth compared to the diploid plantlets.
In the present study, the protocol of polyploid induction via somatic embryogenesis of the Ngoc Linh ginseng (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) (2n = 2x = 24) was developed. Ex vitro leaf explants were disinfected with AgNPs at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 g/L for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min and cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L Kin for somatic embryogenesis. Globular embryos induced from the leaf explants were treated with colchicine by immersed method at different concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7% for 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. Then, these embryos were cultured on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L Kin for secondary embryos induction. The ploidy level was identified by counting chromosomes of the root tip of plantlets derived from these secondary embryos. The results showed that the survival rate and somatic embryo induction the highest (65.56% and 29.89%, respectively) at 0.2 g/L AgNPs for 20 min. For colchicine treatment, the increase in the concentration and exposure time of colchicine decreased the survival rate of explants and the number of secondary embryos but increased the abnormal secondary embryo formation. Identifying the ploidy level showed that the treatments with colchicine concentrations from 0.3% to 0.5% for 48 h lead to tetraploid induction rates from 22.22% to 25.92%. The results also revealed that the tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48) had larger stomatal size, lower stomatal density, denser stomatal chloroplast density, and better growth than did the diploids.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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