Tuberculous meningitis remains highly lethal. In this trial, an intensified regimen of levofloxacin and higher-dose rifampin added to standard therapy was compared with standard antituberculosis ...therapy alone. The intensified regimen did not result in a higher survival rate.
Early treatment with antituberculosis chemotherapy and adjunctive treatment with glucocorticoids reduce the rate of death and disability from tuberculous meningitis, but the disease still kills or disables almost half the patients with the condition.
1
,
2
The current guidelines recommend treatment with four antituberculosis drugs for at least the first 2 months of therapy, followed by treatment with two drugs (rifampin and isoniazid) for an additional 7 to 10 months.
3
,
4
However, these recommendations are based on data from pulmonary tuberculosis and do not take into account the differential ability of antituberculosis drugs to penetrate the brain.
Rifampin is considered to . . .
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been disseminating fear in the community, which has affected people’s quality of life, especially those with health problems. Health literacy (HL), eHealth ...literacy (eHEAL), and digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) may have potential impacts on containing the pandemic and its consequences. This study aimed to examine the association between the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCoV-19S) and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to examine the effect modification by HL, eHEAL, and DDL on this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 hospitals across Vietnam from 7 April to 31 May 2020. Data were collected on 4348 outpatients, including demographic characteristics, HL, eHEAL, DDL, FCoV-19S, and HRQoL. Multiple linear regression and interaction models were used to explore associations. Results: Patients with higher FCoV-19S scores had lower HRQoL scores (unstandardized coefficient, B = −0.78, p < 0.001). HL (B = 0.20, p < 0.001), eHEAL (B = 0.24, p < 0.001), and DDL (B = 0.20, p < 0.001) were positively associated with higher HRQoL scores. The negative impact of FCoV-19S on HRQoL was significantly attenuated by higher eHEAL score groups (from one standard deviation (SD) below the mean, B = −0.93, p < 0.001; to the mean, B = −0.85, p < 0.001; and one SD above the mean, B = −0.77, p < 0.001); and by higher DDL score groups (from one SD below the mean, B = −0.92, p < 0.001; to the mean, B = −0.82, p < 0.001; and one SD above the mean, B = −0.72, p < 0.001). Conclusions: eHealth literacy and digital healthy diet literacy could help to protect patients’ health-related quality of life from the negative impact of the fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic.
Immune cells harboring somatic mutations reportedly infiltrate cancer tissues in patients with solid cancers and accompanying clonal hematopoiesis. Loss‐of‐function TET2 mutations are frequently ...observed in clonal hematopoiesis in solid cancers. Here, using a mouse lung cancer model, we evaluated the activity of Tet2‐deficient immune cells in tumor tissues. Myeloid‐specific Tet2 deficiency enhanced tumor growth in mice relative to that seen in controls. Single‐cell sequencing analysis of immune cells infiltrating tumors showed relatively high expression of S100a8/S100a9 in Tet2‐deficient myeloid subclusters. In turn, treatment with S100a8/S100a9 promoted Vegfa production by cancer cells, leading to a marked increase in the tumor vasculature in Tet2‐deficient mice relative to controls. Finally, treatment of Tet2‐deficient mice with an antibody against Emmprin, a known S100a8/S100a9 receptor, suppressed tumor growth. These data suggest that immune cells derived from TET2‐mutated clonal hematopoiesis exacerbate lung cancer progression by promoting tumor angiogenesis and may provide a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer patients with TET2‐mutated clonal hematopoiesis.
Our study suggests that immune cells derived from TET2‐mutated clonal hematopoiesis exacerbate lung cancer progression by promoting tumor angiogenesis. We present evidence that signaling through the S100a8/S100a9‐Emmprin‐Vegfa axis is essential for progression of a lung cancer model established in a microenvironment of Tet2‐deficient immune cells. Furthermore, we provide a novel target for lung cancer patients with accompanying TET2‐mutated clonal hematopoiesis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Camellia sinensis var. shan is a special tea variety in Vietnam that is in high demand, especially its fermented products. This study compared the total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant ...activity, cytotoxicity, and microbiome of a green Shan tea and a five‐year‐old fermented Shan tea. Folin–Ciocalteu, DPPH and SRB assays were used for TPC, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity evaluation. The isolated microbes were morphologically and molecularly identified. The TPC (126.59 mg g−1) and antioxidant activity (IC50 of 284.82 μg mL−1) of the green tea were significantly higher than those of the fermented tea. However, the latter showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells (inhibiting 73.84% cells at 1 mg mL−1). Notably, the green tea had a negligible number of microbes, but the fermented tea had a much richer microbiome with Aspergillus restrictus (4.7 × 104 CFU g−1), A. ruber (1.76 × 103 CFU g−1), A. pseudoglaucus (1.32 × 103 CFU g−1), A. cibarius (8.8 × 102 CFU g−1), Bacillus cereus (1.13 × 104 CFU g−1), Peribacillus frigoritolerans (4.0 × 102 CFU g−1) and B. amyloliquefaciens (2.0 × 102 CFU g−1) present. These microbes are either harmless or beneficial, except for B. cereus (can cause food poisoning at >106 CFU g−1). The fermented tea would appear to have some advantages over the green tea. However, the presence and density of B. cereus should be monitored.
The fermented tea would appear to have some advantages over the green tea. However, the presence and density of B. cereus should be monitored.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Medical students' health and wellbeing are highly concerned during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the impacts of fear of COVID-19 (FCoV-19S), healthy eating behavior, and ...health-related behavior changes on anxiety and depression.
Methods
We conducted an online survey at 8 medical universities in Vietnam from 7th April to 31st May 2020. Data of 5,765 medical students were collected regarding demographic characteristics, FCoV-19S, health-related behaviors, healthy eating score (HES), anxiety, and depression. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations.
Results
A lower likelihood of anxiety and depression were found in students with a higher HES score (OR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.96, 0.99;
p
= 0.042; OR = 0.98; 95%CI = 0.96, 0.99;
p
= 0.021), and in those unchanged or more physical activities during the pandemic (OR = 0.54; 95%CI = 0.44, 0.66;
p
< 0.001; OR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.37, 0.52;
p
< 0.001) as compared to those with none/less physical activity, respectively. A higher likelihood of anxiety and depression were reported in students with a higher FCoV-19S score (OR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.07, 1.12;
p
< 0.001; OR = 1.06; 95%CI = 1.04, 1.08;
p
< 0.001), and those smoked unchanged/more during the pandemic (OR = 6.67; 95%CI = 4.71, 9.43;
p
< 0.001; OR = 6.77; 95%CI = 4.89, 9.38;
p
< 0.001) as compared to those stopped/less smoke, respectively. In addition, male students had a lower likelihood of anxiety (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.65, 0.98;
p
= 0.029) compared to female ones.
Conclusions
During the pandemic, FCoV-19S and cigarette smoking had adverse impacts on medical students' psychological health. Conversely, staying physically active and having healthy eating behaviors could potentially prevent medical students from anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Background: The infodemic has been co-existing with the COVID-19 pandemic with an influx of misinformation and conspiracy theories. These affect people’s psychological health and adherence to ...preventive measures. eHealth literacy (eHEALS) may help with alleviating the negative effects of the infodemic. As nursing students are future healthcare professionals, having adequate eHEALS skills is critically important in their clinical practice, safety, and health. This study aimed to (1) explore the eHEALS level and its associated factors, and (2) examine the associations of eHEALS with preventive behaviors, fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), anxiety, and depression among nursing students. Methods: We surveyed 1851 nursing students from 7 April to 31 May 2020 from eight universities across Vietnam. Data were collected, including demographic characteristics, eHEALS, adherence to preventive behaviors (handwashing, mask-wearing, physical distancing), FCV-19S, anxiety, and depression. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed appropriately to examine associations. Results: The mean score of eHEALS was 31.4 ± 4.4. The eHEALS score was significantly higher in males (unstandardized regression coefficient, B, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.73; p = 0.019), and students with a better ability to pay for medication (B, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.19; p < 0.001), as compared to their counterparts. Nursing students with a higher eHEALS score had a higher likelihood of adhering to hand-washing (odds ratio, OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.22; p < 0.001), mask-wearing (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.19; p < 0.001), keeping a safe physical distance (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.25; p < 0.001), and had a lower anxiety likelihood (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.99; p = 0.011). Conclusions: Nursing students who were men and with better ability to pay for medication had higher eHEALS scores. Those with higher eHEALS scores had better adherence to preventive measures, and better psychological health. The development of strategies to improve eHEALS of nursing students may contribute to COVID-19 containment and improve their psychological health.
Members of the genus
(Lauraceae) have aromatic volatiles in their leaves and bark and some species are commercially important herbs and spices. In this work, the essential oils from five species of
(
...,
,
,
and
) growing wild in north central Vietnam were obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by gas chromatography and screened for antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity. The leaf essential oil of
, rich in β-phellandrene (23.1%) and linalool (32.2%), showed excellent antimicrobial activity (MIC of 32 μg/mL against
and
) and larvicidal activity (24 h LC
of 17.4 μg/mL on
and 14.1 μg/mL against
).
leaf essential oil also showed notable antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mosquito larvicidal activity, attributable to relatively high concentrations of neral (11.7%) and geranial (16.6%). Thus, members of the genus
from Vietnam have shown promise as antimicrobial agents and as potential vector control agents for mosquitoes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•ACH-derived GCB cells with aberrant expression profiles underwent independent clonal evolution in the microenvironment of AITL.•Inhibition of the CD40–CD40LG axis, as revealed by in silico network ...analysis, is a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is proposed to be initiated by age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ACH) with TET2 mutations, whereas the G17V RHOA mutation in immature cells with TET2 mutations promotes the development of T follicular helper (TFH)-like tumor cells. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which TET2-mutant immune cells enable AITL development using mouse models and human samples. Among the 2 mouse models, mice lacking Tet2 in all the blood cells (Mx-Cre × Tet2flox/flox × G17V RHOA transgenic mice) spontaneously developed AITL for approximately up to a year, while mice lacking Tet2 only in the T cells (Cd4-Cre × Tet2flox/flox × G17V RHOA transgenic mice) did not. Therefore, Tet2-deficient immune cells function as a niche for AITL development. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of >50 000 cells from mouse and human AITL samples revealed significant expansion of aberrant B cells, exhibiting properties of activating light zone (LZ)-like and proliferative dark zone (DZ)-like germinal center B (GCB) cells. The GCB cells in AITL clonally evolved with recurrent mutations in genes related to core histones. In silico network analysis using scRNA-seq data identified Cd40–Cd40lg as a possible mediator of GCB and tumor cell cluster interactions. Treatment of AITL model mice with anti-Cd40lg inhibitory antibody prolonged survival. The genes expressed in aberrantly expanded GCB cells in murine tumors were also broadly expressed in the B-lineage cells of TET2-mutant human AITL. Therefore, ACH-derived GCB cells could undergo independent clonal evolution and support the tumorigenesis in AITL via the CD40–CD40LG axis.
The second most common peripheral T-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), arises from T-follicular helper cells in the context of age-related clonal hematopoiesis. Fujisawa and colleagues utilized single cell analyses of primary samples and murine models to reveal that TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) mutations within clonal B cells in the tumor microenvironment are necessary for facilitating TET2-mutated AITL. Their data also suggest a novel therapeutic possibility.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Hypertension is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Enhancing health literacy (HL) may help to alleviate the risk of hypertension and its burden. However, evidence on the ...association between HL and hypertension and potential mechanisms remain to be explored.
Objectives
This study examined the association between HL and hypertension; and explored whether body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (PBF), and visceral fat (VF) were mediators of this association in people who resided in rural and suburban areas in Vietnam.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1st July to 31st December 2019, involving 1655 residents and exploring participants' sociodemographic characteristics, HL, health-related behaviors, comorbidities, body composition, and blood pressure (BP). People with systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or using antihypertensive medication were classified as having hypertension. Multiple logistic regression and mediation analyses were used to explore associations.
Results
The hypertension prevalence was 41.9% (694/1,655). In adjusted models, a higher HL score was associated with a lower hypertension likelihood (OR = 0.96; 95%CI = 0.95–0.97;
p
< 0.001). Factors associated with a higher odd of hypertension were overweight/obese (OR = 1.69; 95%CI = 1.24–2.29;
p
= 0.001), high PBF (OR = 2.35; 95%CI = 1.85–2.99;
p
< 0.001), and high VF (OR = 2.27; 95%CI = 1.63–3.16;
p
< 0.001). Notably, PBF significantly mediated the association between HL and hypertension (indirect effect, OR = 0.99; 95%CI = 0.98–0.99;
p
= 0.009; percent mediated = 8.56%). The mediating roles of BMI and VF were not found.
Conclusion
The prevalence of hypertension was relatively high. People with better HL were less likely to have hypertension. The association between HL and hypertension was partially explained by PBF. Strategic approaches are required to improve people's HL and body fat which further help to manage hypertension in rural and suburban areas.
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent an extensive class of targeted anticancer agents. Among the most explored structure moieties, hydroxybenzamides and hydroxypropenamides have been ...demonstrated to have potential HDAC inhibitory effects. Several compounds of these structural classes have been approved for clinical uses to treat different types of cancer, such as givinostat (ITF2357) and belinostat (PXD-101).
This study aims at developing novel HDAC inhibitors bearing N-hydroxybenzamides and Nhydroxypropenamides scaffolds with potential cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines.
Two new series of N-hydroxybenzamides and N-hydroxypropenamides analogues (4a-j, 6a-j) designed based on the structural features of nexturastat A, AR-42, and PXD-101, were synthesized and evaluated for HDAC inhibitory potency as well as cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (SW620 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), PC3 (prostate adenocarcinoma), and NCI-H23 (adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer). Molecular simulations were finally carried out to gain more insight into the structure-activity relationships.
It was found that the N-hydroxypropenamides (6a-e) displayed very good HDAC inhibitory potency and cytotoxicity. Various compounds, e.g. 6a-e, especially compound 6e, were up to 5-fold more potent than suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) in terms of cytotoxicity. These compounds also comparably inhibited HDACs with IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range. Docking experiments showed that these compounds bound to HDAC2 at the enzyme active binding site with the same binding mode of SAHA, but with higher binding affinities.
The two series of N-hydroxybenzamides and N-hydroxypropenamides designed and synthesized were potential HDAC inhibitors and antitumor agents. Further development of these compounds should be warranted.
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